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SolarCity Pushing Industry To 40% Increase In Useful Lifetime of Solar Power Installations (electrek.co)

An anonymous reader writes: SolarCity released a new report that says solar power systems have a usable lifetime of at least 35 years, which is 40% longer than what the market expects. Electrek reports: "The key finding of the report is that power degradation (annual efficiency loss) of solar panels supplied to SolarCity is as much as 35% lower than for a comparable industry-wide selection of non-SolarCity panels, which are typically expected to last for 25 years. In the study here, SolarCity looked at greater than 11,000 panels to determine their data points and come to their conclusion that their solar panels are performing well beyond expected industry standards. Today, standard efficiency solar panels put out by Tier 1 suppliers are generally warranted to lose no more than 0.7% efficiency per year for the first 25 years -- this is the Power Production Warranty. The key finding in this study is that the annual 0.7% efficiency loss is too high an estimation -- and that the number ought be closer to 0.5%. While it might seem a small number -- a difference of 0.2% -- when applied over a multiple decades timeframe, it means that instead of the standard twenty five year assumed productive life, we can expect at least another ten years of production above 80% of the original system output. Large installers like SolarCity, able to do this type of wide-scale research -- and to also demand higher quality, are showing their ability to pull the manufacturers of the world upward. With SolarCity building their own solar panel Gigafactory we ought expect the quality levels to be even greater in the near future.

109 comments

  1. Solarcity building their own gigafactory?? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Better not use Elon's terms unless you want to get Elon aquisition randy!

    1. Re:Solarcity building their own gigafactory?? by beanpoppa · · Score: 2

      Elon is the Chairman of Solar City. The founders are his cousins.

  2. What the fuck are they talking about? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Solar city doesn't manufacture solar panels. Their factory is still being built and under multiple fraud investigations.

    1. Re:What the fuck are they talking about? by 93+Escort+Wagon · · Score: 1

      Their factory is still being built and under multiple fraud investigations.

      Are you familiar with the phrase "in for a penny, in for a pound"?

      --
      #DeleteChrome
    2. Re:What the fuck are they talking about? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      The article seems to be comparing warranties. They're saying that it's typical for a panel to be warranted for 25 years, meaning that if your panel drops below 80% efficiency before then then you can have it replaced. That number was chosen by anticipating 0.7% efficiency loss per year. But SolarCity has studied that, in practice, the degradation is less than that, so they're adding an extra 10 years to their warrantee.

    3. Re:What the fuck are they talking about? by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 1

      But SolarCity has studied that, in practice, the degradation is less than that, so they're adding an extra 10 years to their warrantee.

      Sure, but they are selling the same generic panels from the same vendors as everyone else. So the implication in the summary that their panels are "better" is nonsense. Also, most SolarCity panels are leased with a power-purchase agreement, not owned by the homeowner.

    4. Re:What the fuck are they talking about? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Insightful

      No, they are not adding to their warranties.

      What they actually are doing is trying to scam the insurance and financial companies with allusions that they will be more profitable than they likely actually are by pulling a number out of their ass and calling it research. They are trying to lay some future costs off onto unsuspecting rubes like /. readers.

      Hillary for Prison 2016! Now more than ever!

    5. Re:What the fuck are they talking about? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What does currency have to do with weight?

    6. Re:What the fuck are they talking about? by Grench · · Score: 1

      What does currency have to do with weight?

      A pound coin originally weighed one troy pound (around 370g) of sterling silver; this is why the currency is called "Pounds Sterling". Nowadays the pound coin is made of copper, zinc, and nickel, and they weigh less than 10g.

      I'm not sure why the # symbol on telephones is called "pound" in America though, especially when on Twitter it's referred to as the "hash tag". In the UK it's called "hash", whether it's on phones, or typewriters, or keyboards, or Twitter. I've occasionally heard Americans refer to it as the "grid" button (again, talking about phones), which makes more sense than "pound".

      --
      He's Jesus, for Christ's sake.
    7. Re:What the fuck are they talking about? by TheRaven64 · · Score: 1

      Americans use # when writing weights in pounds (in the UK, it's always written lbs, which doesn't really make sense either unless you live in a world where all greengrocers are fluent in Latin). Given that the most common use for the hash symbol is to signify a weight in pounds, it's not difficult to understand why they'd start calling it the pound symbol.

      --
      I am TheRaven on Soylent News
    8. Re:What the fuck are they talking about? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      To what "multiple fraud investigations" do you refer? The only thing I can find is a federal investigation into the "Buffalo Billion" project, a New York economic development fund that may have some influence pedaling issues. SolarCity is one of almost a dozen other companies that has received money as part of that project and it sounds like all of them were subpoenaed.

    9. Re:What the fuck are they talking about? by TechnoCore · · Score: 1

      In Sweden its called a lumber yard sign, (brädgård). Since on Swedish maps, the symbol marks out lumber yards :) So that's what usually call it ;)

      Apparently the symbol itself can be traced back to ancient rome, where they used to write lb, short for "Libra Pondo" meaning pound in weight. When handwritten fast in cursive, it morphed the l and b together into the #-sign.

    10. Re:What the fuck are they talking about? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The article seems to be comparing warranties. They're saying that it's typical for a panel to be warranted for 25 years, meaning that if your panel drops below 80% efficiency before then then you can have it replaced. That number was chosen by anticipating 0.7% efficiency loss per year. But SolarCity has studied that, in practice, the degradation is less than that, so they're adding an extra 10 years to their warrantee.

      Actually, what they have noticed is that they can extend warranties based on the term in them, which account for depreciation. So, even if a panel needs replacement at 28 years, the warranty will only pay a small fraction of the panel's original cost, and its likely that they'll push for that warranty sum to be applied toward selling the customer a new panel. If new panels cost a lot less to make in 28 years, they'll probably come out way ahead on the replacement. So its all a big game that has little to do with actual panel performance.

    11. Re:What the fuck are they talking about? by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      Given that the most common use for the hash symbol is to signify a weight in pounds, it's not difficult to understand why they'd start calling it the pound symbol.

      The most common use for this # is to indicate a number or be a start of a comment, pun intended.

      And to be even more nitpicking: in our times the most common use for # is indicating tags on twitter or facebook.

      I really doubt I have ever met a person in my live that uses/used # for "pound". Pound has its own symbol, which is a kind of a scripted L (mostly used for the currency, though. And not for the weight -- can't produce it on my german Mac without causing an unicode hick up)

      If anyone had asked me what # stands for, pound would probably have not even been something I had remembered.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    12. Re:What the fuck are they talking about? by Mr+D+from+63 · · Score: 1

      Actually, what they have noticed is that they can extend warranties based on the term in them, which account for depreciation. So, even if a panel needs replacement at 28 years, the warranty will only pay a small fraction of the panel's original cost, and its likely that they'll push for that warranty sum to be applied toward selling the customer a new panel. If new panels cost a lot less to make in 28 years, they'll probably come out way ahead on the replacement. So its all a big game that has little to do with actual panel performance.

      Mod up. It's all about the worthlessness of warranties after such a long period.

    13. Re: What the fuck are they talking about? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Mountainview California is where SolarCity currently manufactures there own panels through Selivo, with a thin film mono crystallan proprietary design. Silevo was acquired several years ago.

    14. Re:What the fuck are they talking about? by nickersonm · · Score: 1
      Not really. From the report:

      In order to be qualified as a SolarCity supplier, manufacturers need to have effective Quality Assurance programs and refined manufacturing processes in place, and steady product and manufacturing quality must be demonstrated. Rigorous tests need to be passed on an ongoing basis, performed by a qualified 3rd party lab. Furthermore, we require that factory controls and in-line testing are in place to ensure quality is sustained over time and deviations are rapidly detected, so the deployment of faulty products in the field is prevented.

    15. Re:What the fuck are they talking about? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think it was common on things like engineering drawings and grocery manifests.

      Back before those damn pinko commies started metric-izing everything!

    16. Re:What the fuck are they talking about? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      As other posts have pointed out, "pound" is the most historic, however, possibly dating all the way back to ancient Rome. Sure, almost nobody these days could actually tell you why it's called a pound sign, but you could say the same thing about many words and phrases in everyday language.

    17. Re:What the fuck are they talking about? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And what about stray animals?

    18. Re:What the fuck are they talking about? by cwsumner · · Score: 1

      People where I live always call it a "pound sign", even though they use "lbs" for actual pounds. Except for the younger kids that picked up "Hashtag" from their smartphones. But they get "funny looks" when they use that., and soon stop.

      And get off of my lawn! ;-)

  3. SpatulaCity by turkeydance · · Score: 0

    makes just as much sense. https://www.youtube.com/watch?...

    1. Re:SpatulaCity by drinkypoo · · Score: 0

      You know what's great about that video? Only one spatula appears in the entire thing. Most of those things are turners.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    2. Re:SpatulaCity by msauve · · Score: 0

      Pedantic failure.

      --
      "National Security is the chief cause of national insecurity." - Celine's First Law
    3. Re:SpatulaCity by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      Pedantic failure.

      You must be new here.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    4. Re:SpatulaCity by msauve · · Score: 1

      "You must be new here."

      Why? Are you consistently wrong when you try to be pedantic?

      --
      "National Security is the chief cause of national insecurity." - Celine's First Law
    5. Re:SpatulaCity by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      Why? Are you consistently wrong when you try to be pedantic?

      So you're one of the people who doesn't know the difference between a spatula and a turner? You are truly legion. Perhaps that's the joke. If I ever meet Weird Al, I'll ask him. Seems a better use of time than getting him to sign a Ford Pinto wagon, as one of my acquaintances did.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    6. Re:SpatulaCity by Coren22 · · Score: 1

      I didn't see the spatula in that commercial:

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

      I saw lots of turners though.

      --
      APK likes to ask for responses to the same things over and over. Maybe he just likes the responses?
  4. BenQ solar panels are good? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    That's what I saw on the boxes as Solarcity was unpacking them for my neighbors house. If they're anything like the rest of BenQ electronics... no thanks.

    1. Re:BenQ solar panels are good? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's what I saw on the boxes as Solarcity was unpacking them for my neighbors house. If they're anything like the rest of BenQ electronics... no thanks.

      What exactly is wrong with Benq electronics? My experience has been great with them (granted, I only own a single Benq device - a 24" lcd panel that I bought about 5 years ago but it has given me no issues what so ever) and I can only find a few issues using google which is no more then what any other brand would get... :\

  5. Useful lifetime? by fustakrakich · · Score: 1

    How about 40 years?

    --
    “He’s not deformed, he’s just drunk!”
    1. Re:Useful lifetime? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      How about 40 years?

      Warranties are only as good as the terms in them. They decrease in value over time since they are based on the value of the used panel, not a new one. Many people may not even exercise a warranty after about 15 years, as it is often just a small credit applied to a full cost new replacement, and the installation costs can be more than the warranty amount itself.

    2. Re:Useful lifetime? by hattig · · Score: 1

      I thought it was commonly understood that solar panels were likely to be useful for way longer than 25 years. All this does is increase that useful lifetime - and given that it's 25 years (now apparently 35 years) for 80% of the power generation, I think it's likely that houses may not need to replace their panels for many decades after installation. Especially if the power used by a household drops due to efficiency gains in that same period.

      I doubt the panels are that different really in terms of lifespan, it's just the other manufacturers were being conservative.

    3. Re: Useful lifetime? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      SolarCity does not charge for installation and has a full 20 year bumper to number warranty!

  6. puff and hype by sittingnut · · Score: 0

    when did self promoting 'reports' with unverified claims become newsworthy?
    especially considering rather dodgy nature of company concerned, with all sort of litigations going on, rising borrowing costs( that necessitated a takeover from musk's other company), subsidy driven(=politician dependent crony capitalist) industry, etc , etc.

    1. Re:puff and hype by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      It's even simpler than that. How can any company, that has only existed for 9 years, have any proof their product lasts 35 years let alone even 10?

    2. Re:puff and hype by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Haven't you been to university, college, or something like that? Statistics? Some idea of engineering principles? There are groups of people devoting their lives to advancing this knowledge https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability_engineering

  7. The link doesn't work, and this seems like an ad by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Isn't this just an advertisement by SolarCity? I think the entire posting should be downgraded.

  8. "A PV cell is a rock that makes electricity..." by fustakrakich · · Score: 1

    "Unless something corrodes the electrical contacts, it will still keep working."

    Probably not a bad idea for the factory to be a little modest with the specs to begin with.

    The article does read more like a SolarCity ad than anything else. They certainly don't bring anything new to the table.

    --
    “He’s not deformed, he’s just drunk!”
  9. Actual repor link: by Ecuador · · Score: 4, Informative

    I get a 404 error on the first link. The actual report link is at : http://www.solarcity.com/sites/default/files/reports/SolarCity%20Photovoltaic%20Modules%20with%2035%20year%20Useful%20Life.pdf
    As for the degradation of panels, I have a 10kW system made of relatively inexpensive Chinese Renesola Virtus II hybrid panels for over 3 years now and I have seen no measurable degradation in performance so far. And I even look at the peak days of month to avoid the issue of daily weather and still it seems the peak has not reduced (rather increased by 1% which should be within the margin of error) in these three years. So there goes two myths my installer told me "you need to pay me to service and wash them every year to maintain peak output" and "output will measurably drop yearly anyway though". No I haven't washed them. So, I don't know if they will continue this trend or will suddenly drop in efficiency, but at least for the first few years they seem stable.

    --
    Violence is the last refuge of the incompetent. Polar Scope Align for iOS
    1. Re:Actual repor link: by fustakrakich · · Score: 2

      If you don't get hit by a hail storm. The panels should last until you see your first grandchild at least. But you may have to hose them down occasionally if you are downwind from an active volcano. Aside from that, they will probably never have to be touched by human hands ever again. They'll probably last longer than the house.

      --
      “He’s not deformed, he’s just drunk!”
    2. Re: Actual repor link: by mspohr · · Score: 2

      We get a lot of pine pollen coating the panels in the spring. Need to hose them every week. Other than that,they maintain peak production.

      --
      I don't read your sig. Why are you reading mine?
    3. Re:Actual repor link: by whoever57 · · Score: 1

      10kW? Wow, you must use a lot of electricity.

      I have recently had a system installed. The peak output is less than the inverter is rated at, and significantly less than the total DC rating of the panels. I suspect that the installers have limited the max AC output, since the peak output I see varies by less than 1%. I suspect that the panels could degrade significantly and my system's peak output would be unaffected.

      On the other hand. the output at less than peak may be affected by degradation, but that is much more difficult to see. I think that the installer has built in a significant margin on their guaranteed production.

      --
      The real "Libtards" are the Libertarians!
    4. Re: Actual repor link: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Mine puts out only about 20% of what it did new when I bought it 11 years ago. Of starting to wonder if it produces more power than I use with my monthly power washing to get rid of the moss.

    5. Re: Actual repor link: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Seattle? I live in Seattle, and I'm sure I use more power with my power washer cleaning crap off of them than they produce.

    6. Re: Actual repor link: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > Seattle?

      Good call. I'm in Seattle, and after five years, my panels no longer put out enough power to even charge my batteries. I've spent more in Windex and paper towels than I've gotten back in power. Solar might work in Arizona, but it certainly doesn't around here.

    7. Re:Actual repor link: by SydShamino · · Score: 1

      Anecdotal, but what I've seen is that the panels survive better than a typical asphalt roof. Those get beat up pretty bad in hail storms, but it takes a lucky strike at just the right angle to crack a solar panel; otherwise the hail just bounces off.

      Now a tin roof of course would last longer than either, but most people don't invest in those.

      --
      It doesn't hurt to be nice.
    8. Re: Actual repor link: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The output goes down quickly as they age. Mine are down to 70% after only a year.

    9. Re:Actual repor link: by Martin+Blank · · Score: 3, Informative

      Panels do better than asphalt roofs because they're tested to higher levels. Asphalt shingles get various ratings based on tests using various size balls of ice to see how they take it. Solar panels are generally tested using one-inch steel balls impacting perpendicular to the panel, usually at or near terminal velocity. The ice used in asphalt testing can break, absorbing some of the energy, but the steel ball gets no such benefit.

      Extreme hail can still damage a solar installation, and hail might be able to damage non-panel components, but if your panels are suffering damage from hail, you stand a good chance of finding holes punched in the asphalt and wood the rest of the roof is made of.

      --
      You can never go home again... but I guess you can shop there.
    10. Re:Actual repor link: by Martin+Blank · · Score: 1

      Depending on where he is, it's not hard to draw 10kW. My electric company lets me see my power usage on as fine a grain as every 15 minutes. During the summer in north Texas with a home that's only 10 years old and with the AC set to 78F throughout the house, I can easily use 4.5kWh over the course of an hour (so an average draw of 4.5kW). When it's very warm, I have drawn an average of over 8kW over an hour. This isn't factoring in additional people soon to live in the house. On that basis, a 10kW system isn't overkill. It's just meeting what are now occasional needs and what will be common in the future.

      I haven't yet put panels on my house, but when I do, I'm probably looking at something in the 10kW to 15kW range. It's expensive, but I expect it to pay off over time, and Texas doesn't allow real estate taxes on the value of residential solar panels, so if I ever sell my house, it pays back well, presuming I'm not on a lease for it (and I don't plan to be).

      --
      You can never go home again... but I guess you can shop there.
    11. Re: Actual repor link: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      go back to your installer and demand new ones then.They should still be under warranty.

    12. Re: Actual repor link: by TheRaven64 · · Score: 1

      Even the cheapest panels are warranted to produce 80% of their original power after 5 years. If they're below 80% after one year, then they're defective and you should return them.

      --
      I am TheRaven on Soylent News
    13. Re: Actual repor link: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      moss ? You're full of shit. Moss grows in the shadows. are you saying your panels are in the shadow ?

    14. Re: Actual repor link: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well, after he planted that fast growing tree, he now has moss and low output power, but it is all due to the bad panels of course.

  10. Math by Okian+Warrior · · Score: 5, Informative

    It's even simpler than that. How can any company, that has only existed for 9 years, have any proof their product lasts 35 years let alone even 10?

    By using math.

    1. Re:Math by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      An Engineer, a Biologist and a mathematician are all standing outside an empty building. They all see one person walk in a two people walk out. The engineer says the building must not have been empty. The biologist says they must have reproduced. The mathematician says if one person walks into the building it will be empty.

      Math is not proof. Until they have show a 35 year old working unit, they have zero proof.

    2. Re:Math by SydShamino · · Score: 3, Informative

      One 35-year old working unit isn't proof, it's an anecdote. For proof you need statistics. And those are... math!?!?!

      Interestingly enough, you might not even need one unit to have reached 35 years old for the statistics to yield that age. For example, do you not believe that the half life of Thorium 229 is 7340 years? We certainly haven't observed a sample that long, yet we understand how the decay process works and can thus use statistics to extrapolate a relevant average decay period. Similarly, if we humans understand the aging mechanisms of solar panels well enough, including knowledge that there are no threshold events that cause the decay to change to a newer, faster model, then it's reasonable to look at the start of the curve, fit it to the known methods, and advance it to extrapolate a useful life.

      --
      It doesn't hurt to be nice.
    3. Re:Math by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's even simpler than that. How can any company, that has only existed for 9 years, have any proof their product lasts 35 years let alone even 10?

      By using math.

      Yes, its a numbers game. The lifetime of a panel is proportional to its irradiance exposure, so a panel that is baking in the AZ sun and producing 6+hrs a day average will not last as long as a panel in the northwest producing at 3+ hrs a day average. When making lifetime claims in years without the associated exposure amount, claims can be made to look a certain way.

    4. Re:Math by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 0

      One [...] unit isn't proof, it's an anecdote.
      So one witness in court claiming he saw the murderer is not proof but an anecdote?

      You americans are really quite dumb. Or your school system ... or what ever.

      BTW: solar panels, as in photovoltaics, exist since over 50 years. We have a pretty good idea how long they last and degrade.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    5. Re:Math by plover · · Score: 2

      BTW: solar panels, as in photovoltaics, exist since over 50 years. We have a pretty good idea how long they last and degrade.

      Do you honestly think that a photovoltaic cell produced today is similar enough in construction to one produce 50 years ago, such that you can make a meaningful comparison? That no improvements have been made in the technology, the coatings, the contacts, the fact that a thin-film cell is almost completely different construction than a wafer cell (the only type available 50 years ago?)

      Each product has to be evaluated independently in order to make claims of longevity. Such testing requires exposing samples to various artificial environments in an attempt to accelerate the natural processes of weather and sunlight. They need to see how durable the AR coating is; typically done by exposing samples to massive amounts of UV, in extremely high and low temperatures, and checking for signs of degradation. They need to see if the structural components, such as adhesives, sealants, and supporting materials, can withstand the environment when combined together in this new way. Even the glass may be of a unique formulation that may age differently than expected. From there, they make their predictions of lifetime and warranty promises.

      50 years of data on the PN junction helps understand one tiny bit of the problem space, but not nearly as much as an actual test of the product.

      You americans are really quite dumb. Or your school system ... or what ever.

      Really? You slag an entire nation because you failed to understand one guy who didn't feel the need to fully explain his remarks? Next time you post, please apply some neurons to the problem before reaching for your keyboard.

      --
      John
    6. Re:Math by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 0

      Do you honestly think that a photovoltaic cell produced today is similar enough in construction to one produce 50 years ago, such that you can make a meaningful comparison?
      If we talk about Silicon or Gallium-Arsenic based cells. Yes.

      The topic is "degration" ... not a malfunction in a copper/lead junction.

      Each product has to be evaluated independently in order to make claims of longevity.
      Yeah ... and the idiots who sell panels with 35 years warranty are ... idiots obviously.

      But thanx for your concerns. I suggest to read about the topic, would help you to get some insights.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
    7. Re:Math by cwsumner · · Score: 1

      .... Similarly, if we humans understand the aging mechanisms of solar panels well enough, including knowledge that there are no threshold events that cause the decay to change to a newer, faster model, then it's reasonable to look at the start of the curve, fit it to the known methods, and advance it to extrapolate a useful life.

      Unfortunatly, we don't understand -anything- all that well.

      However, our current statistical quesses are better than nothing... 8-)

      P.S., you want me to define "all that well"? For some things it is several orders of magnitude, and we feel lucky to get that. In others it is one part in 10^17, but is still considered "approximate".

  11. What about the inverter? by Streetlight · · Score: 3, Interesting

    What's the expected lifetime and warranty of the inverter? The cost of inverters seem to be about $0.40 per watt so for a 3,000 watt system it would cost ~$1,200. There surely are It looks like they are warranted for 5 years but one would hope they would last longer than that. And I'm sure there are service contracts with guaranteed replacement. How many would be needed over 35 years? Hopefully not too many.

    --
    In a time of universal deceit, telling the truth is a revolutionary act. George Orwell
    1. Re:What about the inverter? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      $0.40 per watt for American/German made inverters. $0.27 per watt for cheaper Chinese inverters (4,000-6,000W inverters for both). Average lifespan is 11 to 14 years, although that is steadily improving.

    2. Re:What about the inverter? by necro81 · · Score: 1

      What's the expected lifetime and warranty of the inverter?....There surely are It looks like they are warranted for 5 years but one would hope they would last longer than that.

      One of the major limiting factors for inverter lifetime is operating temperature. Bulk electrolytic capacitors have a finite lifetime, and operating at elevated temperatures decreases that pretty rapidly. (The same is true in AC/DC power supplies.) This means that the lifetime is heavily influenced by how and where the inverter is installed: is it placed inside a poorly-ventilated attic that'll get above 50C (ambient) in the summertime, or in conditioned living space? These are things that the manufacturer can't really control, other than providing guidelines and doing their own testing under a variety of conditions.

  12. Good for them by blockhouse · · Score: 2

    Good for Solar City.

    They're still not putting their panels on my roof and charging me money for the electricity they generate. They can lease the space from me, but if they retain full ownership interest in the panels, I'm not giving them anything for free, much less paying them for the privilege.

    1. Re:Good for them by Okian+Warrior · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Good for Solar City.

      They're still not putting their panels on my roof and charging me money for the electricity they generate. They can lease the space from me, but if they retain full ownership interest in the panels, I'm not giving them anything for free, much less paying them for the privilege.

      Solar city came around and handed out brochures, and I got an estimate from them.

      Of their 3 plans in the estimate, none "charge me" for the electricity they produce. The three plans are three tiers representing the amount I pay up front, and the amount my electricity bill is reduced going forward.

      So in other words, I could buy the panels outright ('sorta) and get a big reduction on my electricity consumption, or I could pay nothing and get a small reduction.

      All of which was surveyed to my house, which accounted for the latitude, number of sunny days, estimated cost of electricity, and my average usage.

      Putting up solar cells is a project that a lot of people don't have the skills or ambition for (especially older folks) - this is basically a turn-key solution. "Pay nothing, get a (small) decrease in electricity costs, and we'll maintain the system for 20 years".

      For a lot of people, it's a good deal.

    2. Re:Good for them by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How can this not be a great deal?

      Surely the worst case scenario is: Pay the same amount for electricity, but you also have solar panels on your roof??

      How could that possibly be worse?

      I mean; I guess you could install your OWN solar panels ... and with solar city up there you cant ... but given you aren't in a great situation anyway (since the results of solar city don't save you anything), how do you actually lose?

    3. Re:Good for them by bluefoxlucid · · Score: 1

      I computed that SolarCity's savings were equivalent to 5% of what an equivalent DIY job would get me.

    4. Re:Good for them by chihowa · · Score: 1

      Well, it's not entirely risk-free, so you should give it more thought than that.

      Improperly installed panels can introduce leaks in your roof, change the wind-loading on the roof, and make the replacement of the roofing material considerably more expensive. There's also a possibility of a change (increase/decrease?) in the house's sale value as the new owner will either be compelled to stick with the original contract, renegotiate a contract, or have the panels removed (with all of the roof damage that may accompany that process).

      The addition of an inverter that you don't own (with a ~5 yr mfg warranty) between the power lines and your house wiring introduces a new point of failure for your house's power and you're going to be held to whatever repair schedule the company keeps for repairing it. There may also be other legal liabilities that you take on by entering into this contract with the panel company...

      So there's several ways that you could actually lose.

      --
      If you want a vision of the future, imagine a youtube comments section scrolling - forever.
    5. Re:Good for them by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Except one thing, SC and others (SunRun for example), present their costs as 'a monthly utility bill'. Why? When talking about replacing a utility, one does not switch themes and start talking about bank loans, (even though that's what it is). They say 'your electricity bill through us will be $X' not 'your monthly loan payments will be $X' because that will confuse people. It's wordsmithing of course, but the point is people ARE being told their electricity will cost X amount over the next twenty years, (because that's how long the notes are for). Your brochure must be one of the rare ones.

  13. Need Two Other Numbers by JimSadler · · Score: 2

    How severe a hail storm can the panels survive? If the panels are well installed how much wind can they tolerate. In my part of Florida we will tend to have a hurricane every four years. 150 mph winds are common with gusts going even higher. Replacing a system every few years might make solar a really bad choice here. Also how much storm wind can windmills take without damage? It is hard to imagine one of the huge, tall windmills being smacked by the type of tornado so common in Oklahoma.

    1. Re:Need Two Other Numbers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Building codes regulate what wind load something attached to your house has to withstand, along the south coast of Florida it is usually 150mph.

      The solar panels are generally designed to withstand 1" hail.

      There are many sizes of wind turbines, I would expect the towers to withstand a tornado but the blades could be at risk,

    2. Re:Need Two Other Numbers by dwywit · · Score: 1

      IIRC, here in Oz they have to be rated for rooftop fixtures according to the zone they're in. Where I live, we have from zero to four cyclones a year, so the panels and mounts have to meet that standard. In practice, brand-name panels are all rated to the highest (wait for it) danger zone - hail, cyclones, etc.

      --
      They sentenced me to twenty years of boredom
    3. Re:Need Two Other Numbers by thegarbz · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Just an anecdote, I lived in Brisbane Australia. We got some horrendous hail storms, my most memorable being one where the golfball - tennisball sized hail wasn't even round but rather had sharp edges.

      I was wondering the same thing as you were one crazy storm we had so I went to watch my neighbours panels (my house was slightly taller than theirs). I was not so happily watching these huge hailstones deflect off their panels ... shatting the windows in my study. Zero damage to their panels. I had to replace windows on the side of my house deflected by their roof, and everyone in the street had the insurance company replace their cars as we didn't have car ports.

      Sidenote: I've never seen so much damage to a 4-wheel drive. All windows completely missing except for the windscreen which shattered but didn't actually fall out due to being laminated.

      But this is just an anecdote. These panels are super tough, and glass (well it's not actually glass) does incredibly well under compression loads with a lot of the force of impact absorbed by the various layers underneath like the substrate and metal backing.

    4. Re:Need Two Other Numbers by cusco · · Score: 1

      In the case of windmills, under high wind conditions the blades are feathered so the windmill isn't rotating at all. In large installations this is done automatically, including in response to the automated National Weather Service tornado alerts. In the case of a tornado a windmill tower is about as likely to survive as an antenna tower, at any sort of distance they're fine but a direct hit will destroy them.

      --
      "Think about how stupid the average person is. Now, realise that half of them are dumber than that." - George Carlin
    5. Re:Need Two Other Numbers by Bristol_92 · · Score: 1

      Modern panels are developed to endure ordinary hail. Panels designed around international standard can withstand hail stones travelling at 50 mph. If you live in such place and want to use solar energy – think about its protection. It’s possible to construct some protecting frames. And be sure to talk with insurance company.

  14. What load of Bulls dangly bits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    They should be more concerned with increasing the output of panels than increasing the lifespan.
    The more efficient they are, the better ROCI we get. Then the lifespan and the inherrent % decrease in output does not matter so much.

    I spoke to a power consultant last week and his opinon of the Tesla Powerwall was that it was rubbish and that there are better and cheaper solutions out there already.

    Perhaps Elon has too many irons in too many fires and it is affecting his 'wizzadry'. Time for one of his projects to fail perhaps?

  15. Mocknney by edittard · · Score: 1

    40% longer than what the market expects.

    Lose the "what". It's redundant and makes you sound like a music-hall cockney.

    --
    At the bottom of the /. main page it says 'Yesterday's News'. Well they got that right.
    1. Re:Mocknney by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It must be a regional thing, because to me the "what" sounds perfectly fine in almost any context. I know several romance languages agree, too.

    2. Re:Mocknney by edittard · · Score: 1

      It must be a regional thing

      Yes, it's a dialect called proper English. Like what Her Majesty speaks.

      I know several romance languages agree, too.

      You have an example? Not that it's really relevant anyway.

      --
      At the bottom of the /. main page it says 'Yesterday's News'. Well they got that right.
  16. SolarCity really needs to change their name by h33t+l4x0r · · Score: 0

    I always think of the 80's anti-apartheid song where nobody cool wants to play there. I-I-I-I don't want to play SolarCity-ay-ay,

  17. It is grid-connected by Ecuador · · Score: 1

    No, I don't actually use it. It is in my summer house in Greece and produces about 14MWh per year, which is sold to the electric company.
    It is not optimally oriented, since it lies flat on a dual-pitched roof, with half the panels facing east and half facing west, but on some summer days I peak at 8.4kWh hourly, which is not bad at all.
    And I'll throw in a graph I like, a partial (30%) solar eclipse as "seen" by my panels ;) (from my eclipse report)

    --
    Violence is the last refuge of the incompetent. Polar Scope Align for iOS
  18. How do you replace your roof? by swb · · Score: 1

    I'm curious how you replace your roof once you have panels on them. I'm guessing the short answer is "take them off" -- but does this including the mounting hardware, too, and how much of a hassle is this -- is a lot of the wiring modular and disconnectable, or is it hardwired for minimal losses?

    If the panels last anything like the estimates, it seems likely that a roof replacement would be likely at least once during the PV system lifetime, perhaps more if the roof wasn't brand new. I'm guessing basic bell curve thinking is that anyone who installs them has a roof mostly too new to warrant replacement before installing PV panels.

    Of course the ugly scenario sounds like it could be that not only will you pay to replace the roof, you'll pay to have the panels removed and pay to have the panels installed again. It might make sense to just have a new roof installed when you get panels owing to their life span since it may exceed your period of ownership of the house, but that's kind of another serious chunk of money for an already expensive proposition.

    1. Re:How do you replace your roof? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The roof's not going to need replacement, because the panels protect it from the elements.

    2. Re:How do you replace your roof? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Read the fine print. Some installers claim they will remove the panels and replace after the roof work is done. Others charge for that service. Most honest installers will recommend you replace your roof before installation if you are within a five years of needing it done. Its best to wait if you plan to replace.

      Some folks think panels will protect the roof and it won't need replacement as often, that is not the case as there are still plenty of exposed areas.

    3. Re: How do you replace your roof? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      SolarCity policy is $499 to take down and put back during roof work!

      And another $499 if moving to a new location for a home in the same utility service area. You can take your solar panels with you when moving.

  19. Depends on the roof by sjbe · · Score: 1

    If the panels last anything like the estimates, it seems likely that a roof replacement would be likely at least once during the PV system lifetime, perhaps more if the roof wasn't brand new.

    Depends on the type of roof. Metal roofs can last 30-50 years. It also depends on the particulars of the roof. Color, pitch, orientation, installation, material quality, local climate, etc. If I was having solar panels put on I would have the roof done at the same time if possible. You can get a roof that should outlast the panels but it won't be the cheapest option. Of course if you can afford solar panels today, chances are that the cost of a new roof probably isn't a huge deal to you. Plus the panels will probably extend the life of whatever roof they are over if properly designed and installed.

    What probably needs to happen is to make it so the solar panels ARE the roof. Yes this has issues with angle of the sun and all that but the upside is that installation is a snap, replacement is easy and it looks better too. No need to worry about redoing your roof unless you are replacing a bunch of panels. On new construction you can orient the house to optimize sunlight capture.

    1. Re:Depends on the roof by bluefoxlucid · · Score: 1

      A roof is a lot more complex than "flat thing at the top of the house." It's got multiple support layers, insulation, water infiltration protection, frost protection, and so forth. A high-efficiency asphalt roof would start with rafters (roof joists) with stone wool insulation between them, an OSB roofing board, felt, tie battens, possibly a radiant barrier and counter-batten, and integrated frost barriers to prevent the roof from weakening from water vapor (humidity) infiltrating and freezing. The exact construction of the roof will vary based on roof type, insulation strategy, level of frost protection required, and so forth.

    2. Re:Depends on the roof by cusco · · Score: 1

      tie battens, possibly a radiant barrier and counter-batten, and integrated frost barriers

      None of that is necessary if you vent your attic space adequately, they're only needed if you attic is occupied living space. Vents aren't pretty so most architects leave them out as much as possible, but anyone who has worked on very old houses can tell you the dramatic difference between the state of a roof when the attic has 2'x3' gable vents in each gable end with soffit vents and ridge vents in likely dead-air spaces and a typical attic with a few pop vents scattered around. In the former case an asphalt shingle roof can last 20-40 years, in the latter you're lucky to get more than 10. Oh, and your fiberglass insulation (not rock wool, which hasn't been used much for two decades) goes between the ceiling joists, not the rafters or trusses. You want to keep the heat/cool in the living space, not the attic.

      --
      "Think about how stupid the average person is. Now, realise that half of them are dumber than that." - George Carlin
    3. Re:Depends on the roof by bluefoxlucid · · Score: 1

      Rock wool is the new technology that's replacing fiberglass. It's easier to handle and has better insulation value. It's slightly more expensive, but that's about it.

    4. Re:Depends on the roof by cusco · · Score: 1

      Looked it up, as rock wool batts were always cheaper and inferior to fiberglass, besides sometimes being contaminated with asbestos. What you're referring to is a different product that I've never dealt with. Looks interesting, although wiring and plumbing would be a pain to deal with. Odd that they reused the name of a product that most installers hated.

      --
      "Think about how stupid the average person is. Now, realise that half of them are dumber than that." - George Carlin
    5. Re:Depends on the roof by bluefoxlucid · · Score: 1

      Rock wool batts are advertised as 5% asbestos today. They cost about $45 for 8 batts; fiberglass is somewhat cheaper. Rock wool has a 9.5% increase in insulation value over Asbestos, R-23 at 5.5 inches versus R-21 for Fiberglass (mind you, the comparison is not huge; the extra R2 might eliminate like 60%-70% of the remaining heat transfer R21 doesn't, but it's only like a .01% difference in total heat transfer). Rock wool is a *lot* easier to handle.

      It's also cut into cubes and used as a planter for marijuana, since it holds water well.

  20. It's a lease on a solar array by sjbe · · Score: 1

    They're still not putting their panels on my roof and charging me money for the electricity they generate. They can lease the space from me, but if they retain full ownership interest in the panels, I'm not giving them anything for free, much less paying them for the privilege.

    You seem to completely misunderstand the deal SolarCity (and others like them) offer. It's basically a lease on a solar array. They install a solar array on your roof and sell the power generated to the power company. In return they sell you power at a discounted rate (fixed by contract) for the service life of the array. In essence they split the savings from the array with you. So you get all the benefits of a solar array without having to front the (substantial) cost of purchasing one and maintaining it. You're not giving them anything for free. You could buy and install the array yourself but you would be taking a much larger financial risk up front - for many people the cost of the array is prohibitive. But by leasing you give back some of the savings but don't have any up front costs or ongoing maintenance costs.

    Leasing a solar array doesn't make sense for everyone but in the right circumstance it can be an excellent deal. You don't have to spend tens of thousands of dollars installing an array and dealing with the issues of maintaining it. You get a discounted rate on your electricity. Solarcity makes a profit selling the power. I've thought about doing this at my house someday.

    1. Re:It's a lease on a solar array by NotAPK · · Score: 1

      "You're not giving them anything for free."

      You are giving them free rent on your rooftop space.

      Not saying it's worth it either way, but it's a cost that has to be factored into the assessment.

    2. Re:It's a lease on a solar array by ventsyv · · Score: 1

      It's not "free rent". You are renting them your rooftop space in exchange for a discount on your electric rate. There is no opportunity cost here, I doubt you can rent your roof to someone else (other than a solar producer).

  21. Data vs andecdotes by sjbe · · Score: 3, Informative

    So one witness in court claiming he saw the murderer is not proof but an anecdote?

    Unless the testimony of that witness can be corroborated in some way then that is correct. By itself it is rarely sufficient because shockingly, people lie and are routinely wrong even when well intentioned. When it comes to science and engineering, eyewitness testimony is close to worthless and anecdotal evidence is generally considered dubious for good reason.

    You americans are really quite dumb. Or your school system ... or what ever.

    Really? You don't understand the difference between data and anecdotes and we are the dumb ones? Curious bit of logic you have there...

    BTW: solar panels, as in photovoltaics, exist since over 50 years. We have a pretty good idea how long they last and degrade.

    You do realize the panels we produced 20+ years ago are not identical to the panels we produce today, right? That's like claiming an 8086 chip from Intel should have the same failure modalities and rates as a modern Pentium chip. Your point is correct that we have a fairly good idea how they degrade but the reasons why are a lot more complicated than the fact that solar panels have been made for a long time.

    1. Re:Data vs andecdotes by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

      The panels we produce right now are better than the ones we did 20 years ago.

      Regarding your anecdote versus proof rant: you are wrong.
      What you call an anecdote every scientists calls "a single data point". It is worth as much as every other data points he has, regardless how many there are. Like coins, data points don't degrade in value when you have more of them. And most certainly the value does not vanish if you only have one.

      The idea that a single data point is "pointless" is an american school system thing: and complete bollocks.

      --
      Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
  22. Works fine in Seattle by sjbe · · Score: 1

    Good call. I'm in Seattle, and after five years, my panels no longer put out enough power to even charge my batteries.

    Then you have defective panels or possibly defective batteries. There is nothing specific to the climate in Seattle that would cause solar panels to degrade that fast.

    I've spent more in Windex and paper towels than I've gotten back in power.

    You don't clean solar panels with Windex and paper towels. If you are on the roof with Windex and paper towels then you are Doing It Wrong.

    Solar might work in Arizona, but it certainly doesn't around here.

    Strange. Solarcity could not make a penny if solar power didn't work in Washington and yet they do business there all the same... Thanks but I'm going to trust the profit motive of Elon Musk over they unsubstantiated ravings of an Anonymous Coward.

  23. Roofs are complicated by sjbe · · Score: 1

    A roof is a lot more complex than "flat thing at the top of the house....

    Well said. I think we're mostly talking about the outermost bit of the roof (shingles, etc) but you are quite right that a roof is a complicated structure which is much deeper than just the bit you can see from the outside. Far more complicated than many people realize.

    I hope one day we figure out how to make it economically practical to turn the outer layer of the roof into solar panels or other useful things. Right now so many roofs are really just wasted space that could be put to better use much of the time. Solar panels, rooftop gardens, etc. Barriers to reclaiming that space are mostly economic at present. Commercial rooftops are particularly wasteful since they don't even have much aesthetic value. Places like grocery stores would (in principle) be ideal for solar arrays since their energy needs tend to correlate strongly with peak daylight. I figure once the payback gets to under 5 years or so we will probably see a tipping point. Right now payback tends to be 10-15 years which is just too long for many.

    1. Re:Roofs are complicated by bluefoxlucid · · Score: 1

      Grid tie-in makes generation location semi-moot. Transmission loss is a factor, although HVDC from generation centers to distribution centers makes remote transmission feasible. It's actually optimal to just rooftop generate in the middle of any population center, and have a substation servicing that population center convert HVDC from remote power plant to local grid AC: the power-in will supplement the rooftop solar; that solar will have very little distance to travel from source to point-of-use, reducing local total transmission loss from all sources in aggregate; and the HVDC line will experience reduced load, reducing transmission loss along the HVDC line.

      I used to toy with the idea of forest-cities. These require a lot of infrastructure: construction, fire suppression, transit, and utility. Major construction is easy: Treehouse attachment bolts and treehouse suspensions allow large, single-family homes to suspend with as much as 60,000 pounds on one oak tree. Fire suppression requires inside fire-safe construction (drywall; ceilings extending into the wall to prevent fire vertical climb; flame-retardant stud and panel sheathing; fire-suppressing insulation and electrical conduit; tile or brick around fire sources, such as a stove or fireplace; place fire sources nearer the center of the house) and an outside fire suppression network (automatic misting fire suppression). Transit and utility come together: besides suspended foot-traffic paths, underground rail would provide the conduit for water main, gas, and electrical feed, run beneath or alongside the tunnel; this requires an in-tunnel digging machine, because the tunnel must be deep to avoid tree roots.

      The point of all this is you'd have a power generation source necessarily far from your urban center in that layout. Solar or coal, the strategy is the same; in an urban center with a lot of rooftop solar, the strategy is *still* the same. Mind you, I like the general idea of shoving coal- and oil-hungry power plants (including power-plant factories) into the woods anyway (i.e. make them purchase a 2-mile radius of land and establish their factory in the middle), since the soot will settle and wash into the earth (cleaned by microbes, then plants) while the CO2, CO, hexane, methane, and other outputs will filter out (growing plants absorb CO and CO2; and the higher-oxygen environment will react hydrocarbons and other combustable gases more readily, producing absorbable CO2). It saves me having to breathe that crap.

      (I've done a lot of work looking at fixating modern life into a low-disruption footprint as a middle ground between reserve land and urbanization. There's a market for people who want a more rural life, and even for people who want a zero-car city; urban engineering can improve the walkability and bicyclablity of cities at the expense of modern trafficability, and so I intersected these various ideas and concluded we could preserve natural habitats by engineering the no-car type cities to maximize walkability and bicyclability, while providing a maximization of modern conveniences such as subway transit to a city edge garage, and minimizing the additional costs of maintaining such an urban center. It will at least make for good scifi; although eliminating both yard work and the problem of foundation shifting is a bonus.)

  24. Building paradise by sjbe · · Score: 1

    I intersected these various ideas and concluded we could preserve natural habitats by engineering the no-car type cities to maximize walkability and bicyclability, while providing a maximization of modern conveniences such as subway transit to a city edge garage, and minimizing the additional costs of maintaining such an urban center.

    Excellent ideas but the real obstacle is supplanting existing infrastructure and finding some way to force it to happen on a wide scale as you seem to indicate. I'm not sure how you turn a city with a car based infrastructure like LA or Detroit into a pedestrian paradise as a practical matter no matter how sensible the plans.

    It will at least make for good scifi; although eliminating both yard work

    I'm a huge fan of anything that does away with grass yards. They aren't super attractive and maintaining them wastes VAST amounts of power and water and generates a huge amount of noise and pollution doing it. What's so bad about letting trees grow around your house for crying out loud? I've let much of my yard go to forest and the small bit that I do maintain (to exercise my dogs mostly) I now do with electric powered lawn tools. They finally have some excellent 40V lawn tools that work as well as gas powered ones while consuming less energy and being quieter. Two stroke engines are the devil's work...

    1. Re:Building paradise by bluefoxlucid · · Score: 1

      It's not as serious as all that. Some people really are content with walkable cities and public transit; there's an intersection of demands that would supply a population genuinely interested in such things, which enables a reduction of habitat destruction without the economic cost of locking up said habitat as federally-protected land. Basically, it's an opportunistic extension: instead of 1,000,000 acres of federally-protected land and 50,000,000,000 acres of pavement, you have 1,000,000 acres of federally protected land, 49,950,000,000 acres of pavement, and 50,000,000 acres of low-footprint urbanization.

      Converting an existing city or other urban center is a hell of a lot of energy expenditure and manual labor. People talk a lot about automation, and they forget that all these machines reduce labor (which can destroy jobs too quickly for the market to keep up; technical renaissance versus revolution, depending on market dynamics influencing creation of new jobs). Someone needs to make the fuel, maintain the machines, and direct them on the small scale; they're not going to go assemble a city all on their own, but they will allow 1 person to lay a concrete foundation or building instead of a crew of 25. Even then, you're talking about hundreds of trillions of dollars of work to tear down and rebuild a city (including work involved in material costs--someone mined and shipped that concrete, you know).

      We are expanding city centers by tearing down forestland all over the place; we also have collapsed urban centers here and there. I'm thinking in terms of displacement: rather than tearing down the woods in the low-density residential areas and scaling great big paved suburbs, we can (sometimes) build a different type of suburb. Removing a city first requires removing the people; if that happens on its own (it does, sometimes), woodlands can easily tear it apart in 20-30 years, or you can seed the process by dropping in trees. Short of that, you're not going to convert paved urban to woodland suburb.

      Some people have done other things with their front yard.

  25. Creative accounting by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    More dodgy accounting from the Musk family. Extending the theoretical life of the installation increases the theoretical value of the asset.
    In a less thoroughly corrupt system, the SEC would be chasing them for violating SarbOx. Musk though is a member of the protected class.

  26. And the check is in the mail... by martinfb · · Score: 1

    Did you hear? Pilip Morris has completed a decade long study that proves that cigarettes are good for your health. And, they verified that!

    Can you believe that?!

    --


    Self-importance and self-indulgence is the root of ALL evil.