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Only 100 Companies Are Responsible For 71 Percent of Global Emissions, Says Study (theguardian.com)

An anonymous reader quotes a report from The Guardian: Just 100 companies have been the source of more than 70% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions since 1988, according to a new report. The Carbon Majors Report (pdf) "pinpoints how a relatively small set of fossil fuel producers may hold the key to systemic change on carbon emissions," says Pedro Faria, technical director at environmental non-profit CDP, which published the report in collaboration with the Climate Accountability Institute. The report found that more than half of global industrial emissions since 1988 -- the year the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was established -- can be traced to just 25 corporate and state-owned entities. The scale of historical emissions associated with these fossil fuel producers is large enough to have contributed significantly to climate change, according to the report. ExxonMobil, Shell, BP and Chevron are identified as among the highest emitting investor-owned companies since 1988. If fossil fuels continue to be extracted at the same rate over the next 28 years as they were between 1988 and 2017, says the report, global average temperatures would be on course to rise by 4C by the end of the century. This is likely to have catastrophic consequences including substantial species extinction and global food scarcity risks.

27 of 180 comments (clear)

  1. The other 29% are from by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    one single apartment in Silicon Valley.

  2. snowflake three-letter agendas by turkeydance · · Score: 2

    The Carbon Majors Database was established in 2013 by Richard Heede of the Climate Accountability Institute (CAI) to show how these emissions are linked to companies, or ‘Carbon Majors’. Now CDP works in collaboration with the CAI to maintain the Database and share its important data and insights with all stakeholders

  3. I don't think this means they're polluters by rsilvergun · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I think it's more likely that almost everything is owned by 100 companies.

    --
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    1. Re:I don't think this means they're polluters by AHuxley · · Score: 4, Informative

      Depends on how its counted.
      "Revealed – the capitalist network that runs the world" (19 October 2011)
      https://www.newscientist.com/a...

      ".. revealed a core of 1318 companies with interlocking ownerships"
      "..found much of it tracked back to a “super-entity” of 147 even more tightly knit companies – all of their ownership was held by other members of the super-entity – that controlled 40 per cent of the total wealth in the network."

      Domestic brands in shops that show freedom of choice could just be local marketing by a multi national.

      --
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    2. Re: I don't think this means they're polluters by blindseer · · Score: 2

      if you live in a forested area solar is a no go.

      Sure you can do solar energy. You just cut down the trees and salt the soil with herbicides. Plenty of solar energy that way.

      I'm not serious about cutting down the trees but solar does have an energy density problem, even in the tropics.

      I encourage people to watch this video: https://www.ted.com/talks/davi...

      Dr. MacKay does some math on renewable energy and the numbers are interesting. One interesting comparison is the means of measuring consumption and production of energy, both can be measured as a density of watts per square meter. In much of Europe consumption of energy is about 1W/m^2. The video uses the UK as an example but the numbers would be similar in other developed nations.

      Solar power produces about 5 W/m^2, which means a nation would have to cover 20% of their land in solar PV panels to achieve a standard of living like the UK. Wind gets about half with 2.5 W/m^2. Concentrated solar does better with 20 W/m^2. Biomass is rather pathetic with 0.5 W/m^2.

      What really wins out though is nuclear with 1000 W/m^2. A common gigawatt nuclear power plant fits inside one square kilometer.

      I keep hearing how wind and solar are getting cheaper all the time. What happens to the price of those energy sources when they start competing for land with croplands, living spaces, and each other? As Dr. MacKay pointed out this does not have to be in your backyard, it can be in some other person's backyard. What happens though to a nation that relies on another for energy to heat their homes? I'm sure everyone can find examples on how that does not go well.

      --
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    3. Re: I don't think this means they're polluters by GreatDrok · · Score: 4, Interesting

      "Solar power produces about 5 W/m^2, which means a nation would have to cover 20% of their land in solar PV panels to achieve a standard of living like the UK."

      Hmm, now if only houses had a large surface area above them where you could fit solar panels. Then we wouldn't have to cover 20% of our land in solar PV panels, we could just use the land that is already covered in houses.

      --
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    4. Re: I don't think this means they're polluters by sr180 · · Score: 2

      Your numbers are way out. Take a typical modern panel, like the Sunpower 300. You are looking at 200W/m^2. They can be place side by side on a roof. Typical home systems in Australia are now 6-10KW.
      Wind and Solar are getting cheaper, and they arent competing for land. Wind works well with farmland - its also being installed offshore. Solar works well on buildings and carparks. We arent anywhere near a position where it needs to compete for land.

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    5. Re: I don't think this means they're polluters by Opportunist · · Score: 2

      Fortunately you can put those solar panels where crops don't grow. Actually, putting the solar panels in the desert and those wind whirlies onto the hill tops is a pretty good idea, while putting your crops there is less so.

      --
      We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
    6. Re: I don't think this means they're polluters by drinkypoo · · Score: 2

      Then there are those worry about damage to the desert ecosystem.

      Those people are idiots. No one should give one shit about the desert, except that we shouldn't go forth and spray it with depleted uranium which will create a problem for us later. It doesn't matter if nothing lives there, because that wouldn't affect things in nearby biomes. The biomass is so low there (like a rock, it's just about all silicates) that the relevance is near zero. All we should care when it comes to deserts is their extents, and not polluting them.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    7. Re: I don't think this means they're polluters by The+Grim+Reefer · · Score: 2

      Eventually the fission-fusion reaction in the Sun will run out of fissile/fusion material and the reaction will stop (or it will grow unstable and explode). In either case, all life will end on the planet shortly thereafter.

      Holy shit, we better get on that. I mean we only have another 5 billion years give or take. We probably should have started looking for a solution last year or the year before. Now we're really going to be under the gun to get this figured out before it becomes an issue. There certainly aren't any other more pressing problems we should be looking into.

      So called fossil fuels are "renewable" however. It is all just a matter of time scale. Fossil fuels are renewable on the scale of millions of years, and solar power is renewable on a scale of billions or trillions of years.

      Cool. So as long as we don't rely on solar we should be fine. We must demand our leaders switch us back to fossil fuels immediately as they are renewable and solar is not.

      However, the problem has nothing whatsoever to do with CO2. The problem is that humans only know how to use energy by one method: conversion into HEAT. So it does not matter what the SOURCE of the energy is, if you use the same amount of it you will produce the same amount of HEAT, which will have the same effect on the planet.

      So retaining more of the heat via greenhouse gasses doesn't matter? Good to know. So what the hell is going on on Venus then? Those Venutians must be using some damn inefficient method of generating power to heat up the planet like that.

      The solution is to attach a gigantic heatsink to the planet to dissipate the heat into space.

      What type of thermal paste do we need for good transference to the heat sink? I'm guessing that Arctic Silver 5 won't cut it.

    8. Re: I don't think this means they're polluters by Anubis+IV · · Score: 2

      Do you really think the combined areas of all the rooftops in the USA would add up to the area of Alaska?

      It doesn't need to, which you would have realized if you had taken your own advice and rewatched the video you linked. The TED Talk specifically said that rooftop installations in England were getting 20W/m^2, 4x the number you quoted (which was for solar parks in England). At those numbers, home-based installations would only need to cover 5% of England in order to achieve 100% coverage of the country's energy needs. And that's ALL of the country's energy, including transportation, businesses, and home use.

      And then it gets better. England has a population density of 406 people/km^2, but the world as a whole (Antarctica excluded), has 56 people/km^2. As such, the rest of the world can enjoy the same benefits as England's 1W/m^2 level of consumption with just 0.14W/m^2, because they're able to spread that same energy consumption across nearly 8x as much land. Even if the rest of the world was covered in England's stereotypically gloomy weather, they'd only need to have rooftop installations covering 0.7% of their land area.

      Oh, but most of the world isn't so gloomy as England. In deserts, the TED Talk indicates that solar parks can hit 20W/m^2. If rooftop installations in deserts receive similar gains to what they saw beyond solar parks in England, then rooftop installations would produce 80W/m^2 in deserts, meaning they would only need to cover about 0.2% of the land area in order to provide for 100% of that region's energy needs.

      And that's before we even get into the efficiency gains that have occurred in the five years since he gave that talk, not to mention the fact that the sun's rays are far weaker in England than they are in much of the rest of the world.

      Maybe I botched the math somewhere, but this doesn't seem nearly so far fetched as you're trying to suggest, especially since your one and only source directly contradicts your claims.

      All of which is to say, yes, please, rewatch the video.

  4. Terrible misnomer by Excelcia · · Score: 5, Insightful

    They use "linked to" in the very broadest sense. There are less than a hundred major fossil fuel producers in the world, so of course it's "linked" to them. It's not like they are burning it though. It's not like we can just change 100 companies and remove more than half the greenhouse emissions. That's like saying because 70% of the world's greenhouse emissions are produced by 20 countries that it means 70% of the world's greenhouse emissions are linked to only 20 people (the current heads of state for those countries).

    1. Re:Terrible misnomer by Namarrgon · · Score: 2

      According to this comprehensive chart, about 66.5% of greenhouse gas emissions are from the energy sector (nearly all of it CO2), so yes, it's not unexpected that the major energy companies are the penultimate source of so much.

      While this is an activist report of course, the point it's making is that these companies hold a huge amount of influence over our energy future - if they chose to scale down their investments in carbon-based energy in favour of creating and supplying low- or zero-carbon alternatives (natural gas, nuclear, solar+wind, energy storage technologies, hydrogen fuels etc), those few companies could ultimately make a dramatic difference to the planet's future climate.

      --
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  5. wrong by roman_mir · · Score: 3, Insightful

    This is a bullshit report with bullshit ideas and bullshit conclusion.

    A company that provides you with fuel for your car does not actually produce the emissions, your car produces the emissions, you are the one driving it. You are the one eating the food that is produced due to oil companies supplying energy and chemicals, you are the one living in a building heated and lit by whatever energy source that allows you to survive.

    Etc.etc.etc.

    To say that some companies that allow you to live on this planet by providing you with everything you need to live are producing the waste that is actually the result of you existing and consuming all this stuff is propaganda and nothing more. It is aimed at stealing profits from companies that are actually largely responsible for you being alive in the first place.

    1. Re:wrong by rhodium_mir · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Likewise, don't blame me when I press statist infants through a fine mesh screen to create a useful industrial slurry--blame my customers.

      --
      You can't spell "oneiromancy" without "roman".
    2. Re:wrong by AmiMoJo · · Score: 3

      The report is not trying to apportion blame, it's trying to give some advice.

      Investing in these companies is risky, because the world is moving away from emitting large amounts of CO2, with several countries committing to being CO2 neutral in the next few decades. Major consumers of the products they make are moving to other sources of energy, e.g. electric cars.

      It's also a helpful guide to which companies we should focus on bankrupting or forcing to change their ways if we want to avert disastrous climate change. It would be nice if the measures that responsible governments are taking were enough, but unfortunately not. Encouraging BP and Exxon Mobil to invest some more of that profit into cleaner forms of energy is a good thing.

      --
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    3. Re:wrong by drinkypoo · · Score: 2

      A company that provides you with fuel for your car does not actually produce the emissions, your car produces the emissions, you are the one driving it.

      Remember when Chevron bought up the battery technology used in the Honda Insight so that it couldn't be used in any other vehicles? Do people really license environmentally beneficial technology only to suppress it? People do.

      These companies buy legislation to permit them to continue polluting, so they absolutely do share the blame.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
  6. We're still responsible by Subm · · Score: 2

    The companies' managers and shareholders are responsible for their behavior, but we, the people who buy their stuff and elect the officials who could legislate some of their behavior, are still responsible for our behavior.

  7. They're oil companies by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    "small set of fossil fuel producers..."

    Yeh, we know, we dig up hydro-carbons and turn it into CO2. How the f*ck does that help to list the oil coal and gas companies?

    If any of them stopped tomorrow, another company would fill the demand, the names would be different but it would make no change.

    The DEMAND for those hydrocarbons is the problem here.

    I just priced solar+storage for my house, why the f*ck am I paying for electricity? I never priced it until I read Slashdot the other day and decided to check the prices and specs for myself. The misleading marketing and political funding these companies do is the problem from these companies, not the hydrocarbons themselves.

  8. Don't count Corporate Entities, Count Products by wisnoskij · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Corporate entities counting is disingenuous. Pollution is not just produced, it is the byproduct of some job. Presumably there 100 companies produce over 70% of the work we use. They supply the gas we use to get to work, raise the cattle we eat, or produce our electricity. Who cares how they want to group themselves, that is the realm of accountants and lawyers.

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  9. After the next round of mergers and acquisitions by MangoCats · · Score: 2

    That number will be up from 71% to over 80% emitted by the top 100.

    The number of corporate entities doing the emission is irrelevant, the total emission is what matters. So, if you suddenly killed Exxon/Mobil tomorrow, their emissions would just be transferred over to whatever company picks up their business, almost seamlessly.

    What's needed is for the economic framework to reward lower carbon emissions.

  10. Re:Supposedly in 3 years renewables cheaper by Crashmarik · · Score: 2

    Science is in a no-win situation here. If we solve the problem and reduce emissions and no additional warming or catastrophic consequences occur, people like you will say the science was flawed and will be less likely to heed warnings in the future. If we continue along our present course, catastrophic consequences will almost certainly occur. If the latter happens at least us "greens" will be able to point to those consequences and say, "you should have listened", but you'll probably just tell us it's a natural cycle.

    No the science says we are past the point of doing anything to change it.

    https://www.sciencealert.com/s...

    https://www.sciencealert.com/s...

    I love settled science

    So what you are arguing for is making people more miserable than they supposedly will be any way.

  11. nonsense by ooloorie · · Score: 2

    Just 100 companies have been the source of more than 70% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions since 1988,

    If you look at it that way, just 100 companies have then probably been the source of more than 70% of the world's wealth, reduction in hunger, reduction in poverty, etc. It's then because of those 100 companies that you don't freeze, starve, or die of horrible diseases. So, be grateful that those 100 companies exist.

  12. 100 Companies plus by OrangeTide · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Plus 3-4 billion people. (taking a rough guess as to how many consumers it takes to generate 70% of the world's emissions)

    Point being, the responsibility isn't wholly on corporations. But also on the nations of the world, their governments, and the people of the world.

    --
    “Common sense is not so common.” — Voltaire
  13. Government owned entities are the biggest culprits by randomErr · · Score: 3, Insightful
    Just look at the Top 10:
    1. China (Coal) - 14.3%
    2. Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Aramco) - 4.5%
    3. Gazprom OAO (owned by Russia) - 3.9%
    4. National Iranian Oil Co - 2.3%
    5. ExxonMobil Corp - 2.0%
    6. Coal India - 1.9%
    7. Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex - owned by Mexico) - 1.9%
    8. Russia (Coal) - 1.9%
    9. Royal Dutch Shell PLC - 1.7%
    10. China National Petroleum Corp (CNPC) - 1.6%

    For consistency why isn't these countries pursues with same venom and vitriol as Exxon and Shell? Exxon, Shell, and all privately held companies are held to much higher environmental standard then anyone of these state owned companies.

    --
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  14. Re:What about real pollution? by drinkypoo · · Score: 3, Funny

    Anyone who wants to call CO2 emissions a pollutant should be required to try to live without it for a month.

    Anyone who wants to call CO2 emissions not a pollutant should be required to breathe nothing else for five minutes.

    --
    "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
  15. No by tomxor · · Score: 2

    A company that provides you with fuel for your car does not actually produce the emissions, your car produces the emissions, you are the one driving it.

    Global warming is systemic, that's the point to take away from this article. Your argument is flawed because you can apply it to all players: the consumers are responsible because they keep consuming; the producers are responsible because they keep producing.

    However there is a difference, individual consumers are powerless to make any difference, practical alternatives come from above, the control lies in the hands of the relative few who own the infrastructure and the businesses.

    To see the consumer as the sole blame instead of just a part of the equation is the same argument that "save the planet" hippies use to guilt people into buying "green" branded bullshit that make no difference. Don't carry on pissing in the wind, take a step back and see the big picture!