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APFS Is Not Optional (apple.com)

From a new Apple knowledge base article: When you upgrade to macOS High Sierra, systems with all flash storage configurations are converted automatically. Systems with hard disk drives (HDD) and Fusion drives won't be converted to APFS. You can't opt-out of the transition to APFS.

46 of 330 comments (clear)

  1. Thanks for the memo by Kargan · · Score: 2

    Was this approved accidentally...?

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  2. Ok... and? by Kenja · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Someone able to explain why this is bad... or good... or whatever the point of this posting is?

    --

    "Have you ever thought about just turning off the TV, sitting down with your kids, and hitting them?"
    1. Re:Ok... and? by cheesybagel · · Score: 3, Informative

      I had to read some more to actually understand WTF this was about. It seems this APFS is some new, flash device optimized, encrypted filesystem for Apple products that is supposed to replace the incredibly crappy HFS+.

    2. Re: Ok... and? by guruevi · · Score: 4, Informative

      The good: it makes your drives faster/better
      The bad: many people are quesy about touching their data structures and don't understand the importance of backups.

      It's a non-story, we've known about this for a few years and it's already been rolled out to the entire iOS codebase.

      --
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    3. Re:Ok... and? by Archangel+Michael · · Score: 2

      Choice good, no choice bad.

      Further, New is bad, old is better (except when it is not). In this case, New is "untested" and Old is "reliable", which accentuates the Old Good/New Bad theme.

      Additionally, there is the fear of "Something Might Go Wrong(tm)" whenever faced with change. And having no choice increases that fear, and hence is bad.

      This is /. in 2017, so you don't actually have to know the technical merits to argue the case. And if you do know the technical merits, you'll be shouted down as a "Fanboi" or "Shill" by the crowd.

      I personally don't know, from a technical perspective, which is better or worse. I'm pretty sure that there is some merit for the change, even if it is marginal or dependent upon use case. I'm equally sure there is some merit to not changing for the same reason. Lastly, I don't have an Apple device, so I don't have a dog in this fight ... "Jimmy Cracked Corn, and I Don't Care"

      --
      Agent K: A *person* is smart. People are dumb, stupid, panicky animals, and you know it.
    4. Re:Ok... and? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      Re the actual technical merits:

      • APFS is faster
      • APFS gives more accurate time stamping of files
      • APFS allows concurrent access, while HFS+ has central locks, which ends up being a massive performance improvement on very multicore machines, since they're not constantly sat in spin-locks waiting on IO
      • APFS supports snapshotting and copy on write
      • APFS supports sparse files
      • APFS's implementation of hard links actually works
      • APFS has decent, not-hacked-in support for TRIM
      • APFS encryption is more secure
      • APFS can quickly compute the size of the contents of a directory
      • APFS can do write coalescing
      • APFS uses volumes, rather than partitions, letting them be dynamically resized
    5. Re:Ok... and? by Opportunist · · Score: 4, Funny

      Apples still have USB ports?

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    6. Re:Ok... and? by Sneeka2 · · Score: 5, Funny

      You're right, let's stick with HFS+ then.

      --
      Bitten Apples are still better than dirty Windows...
    7. Re:Ok... and? by cheesybagel · · Score: 2

      Linus agrees with me. From the Wikipedia page for HFS+:
      HFS Plus lacks several features considered staples of modern file systems like ZFS and NTFS. Data checksums is the most routinely cited missing feature. Additionally, the core of the filesystem uses case-insensitive NFD Unicode strings, which led Linus Torvalds to say that "HFS+ is probably the worst file-system ever."

    8. Re:Ok... and? by infolation · · Score: 4, Informative
      This is a guess... I haven't seen this written about anywhere...

      It seems APFS is automatic on flash storage, but not on spinning disks for reasons relating to the security of data-deletion.

      Flash storage without strong encryption is insecure - since the Flash Translation Layer abstracts the Logical Block Address from the Physical Block Address for wear-levelling purposes, and the drive includes a pool of additional storage space that cannot be accessed directly. Therefore secure file deletion is not possible - files cannot be securely overwritten.

      In the past, Apple have withdrawn 'secure delete' (overwriting deleted files) from their operating systems for this reason.

      Full disk encryption sidesteps this issue since destroying the key that encrypted the file prevents the file from being recovered, even if it's in the wear-levelling reserved pool.

      Reading through Apple's information about APFS, it seems Apple are moving to a file-system that's encrypted on a per-file basis to permit secure deletion of individual files, not just a single-key per container system that only allows secure wiping of the entire container.

      Security and privacy are fundamental in the design of Apple File System. That's why Apple File System implements strong full-disk encryption, encrypting files and all sensitive metadata.

      Multi-key encryption with per-file keys for file data and a separate key for sensitive metadata.

      Multi-key encryption ensures the integrity of user data. Even if someone were to compromise the physical security of the device and gain access to the device key, they still couldn't decrypt the user's files.

    9. Re:Ok... and? by TheFakeTimCook · · Score: 2, Insightful

      the incredibly crappy HFS+

      Is HFS+ really all that crappy? I recognize that HFS+ is ancient technology (by computing standards) and doesn't support a lot of new features, but OTOH for me it has always done its job and not caused me any problems -- my files are always where I left them in the morning.

      Exactly.

      I have been using Macs since they were called Lisas, and in all those years, the only time I have had HFS or HFS+ lose or corrupt a byte of data was when a hard drive went suddenly and catastrophically, south. Maybe a ZFS pool would have not lost any data; but this was before that time.

      HFS+ may not be the snazziest FS; but it is reliable as the day is long.

    10. Re: Ok... and? by omnichad · · Score: 2

      If you want to get technical, they are Thunderbolt ports that are also compatible with the USB 3.1 spec.

    11. Re:Ok... and? by Arkham · · Score: 2

      Linus Torvalds is probably the worst at hyperbole ever.

      --
      - Vincit qui patitur.
    12. Re:Ok... and? by TheFakeTimCook · · Score: 2

      User name checks out.

      So, you tell me: What does ext4 have that HFS+ doesn't? Nevermind, I will tell YOU:

      From the Wikipedia article:

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

      1. Twice the theoretical filestorage limit. But in a practical sense, how many users are going to bump up against HFS+'s 8 EiB limit, anyway?

      2. Better Hard-Links support.

      3. Case-sensitivity by Default (although it is highly debatable as to whether this is actually an ADVANTAGE for most users!)

      4. XIP (Execute in Place). Whatever...

      5. Filesystem-level Encryption (Experimental). And HFS+ has it too, sort of, with macOS' FileVault

      6. Allocate-on-Flush

      7. Sparse Files

      Now, let's reverse the question. What does HFS+ have that ext4 doesn't:

      1. Access Control Lists without any caveats (see Wiki footnote "aq")

      2. Last Archive Timestamps

      3. File-Change Logging

      So, other than a few, mostly esoteric features, it seems like HFS+ and ext4 are fairly equal in terms of modern storage limits, filename and pathname support, and almost every other thing.

      So, it sure seems like HFS+ does NOT deserve Linus' claimed-moniker of "Worst Filesystem Ever".

      tl;dr: Linus can blow me. He's full of shit, and I have the data to prove it!

  3. apple hardware only? or any SSD / pci-e flash card by Joe_Dragon · · Score: 3, Interesting

    apple hardware only? or any SSD / pci-e flash card

  4. Re:Glad I opted out of... by Sneeka2 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Because being forced into APFS is terrible... why exactly?

    --
    Bitten Apples are still better than dirty Windows...
  5. New Story Submission! by Austerity+Empowers · · Score: 2

    I am going to have a roast beef sandwich for lunch, I will opt out of the potatochips. However, lettuce, tomato and mayo are included with each order. You cannot opt out of the lettuce, tomato and mayo.

  6. Re:Welcome by Sneeka2 · · Score: 4, Informative

    It's already been beta tested on all iOS devices for the past half year or so, with no widely reported incidents whatsoever. Also, some recent point macOS update already did a safe dummy conversion of everyone's disk behind the scenes, reported the results back to Apple and then discarded the changes; again, with no incidents that anyone noticed. So, uhm, yeah... I think the beta test is pretty much done at this point.

    --
    Bitten Apples are still better than dirty Windows...
  7. Looks like a nice modern filesystem by Khopesh · · Score: 5, Informative

    I'm not a Mac guy, so I had to look this up: Apple File System (APFS) is a decent modern filesystem with most features you'd expect from something developed somewhat recently. Here's a FS comparison where you can compare it to the latest and greatest competing formats like Linux's ex4 and Btrfs, Sun's (Oracle's) ZFS, and of course Microsoft's NTFS.

    Features uncommon elsewhere include native snapshotting, encryption, and error correction.

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  8. I wouldn't stress about this... by njvack · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Yeah, I know: filesystems take a long time to mature and not lose data. You want your FS tested — widely — before you rely on it to not eat data.

    Here's the thing: iOS 10.3 included an upgrade to APFS. Since March, every updated iPhone and iPad has been running this in production. Most of them have no idea, because it's basically invisible. I haven't heard of any problems stemming from this change.

    So, while OS X has different (more variable, probably) use cases from the sealed systems in iOS, it's very likely that in "normal" usage, APFS is going to be reliable for folks.

  9. Re:Glad I opted out of... by Sneeka2 · · Score: 4, Funny

    I think you're comparing Apples to Windows here...

    *ba-dum ching!*

    --
    Bitten Apples are still better than dirty Windows...
  10. Windows and Linux support by tepples · · Score: 3, Interesting

    It would be a weird stance if they did though, since APFS is better than HFS+ in litterally every way.

    Including readability and writability by the non-macOS operating systems that you have installed on other partitions in Boot Camp in order to port your Mac apps to those other operating systems?

    Or are Mac owners expected to carry an external drive on which to store any file that should be accessed by more than one operating system? And if so, in which file system should said external drive be formatted?

    1. Re:Windows and Linux support by Dog-Cow · · Score: 2

      The only reason any other OS can read HFS+ is because someone reverse-engineered the structure and wrote drivers. So go ahead and write drivers for APFS.

    2. Re:Windows and Linux support by flink · · Score: 2

      Or are Mac owners expected

      Mac owners, in general, aren't expected to do jack. Mac owners with the technical knowledge required to contrive the setup you describe are expected to be able to support their own inventions.

      Boot Camp is an Apple product, built into the OS. Booting to Windows or another OS from a Mac is expected and supported, and this change makes that supported configuration less useful. Apple even ships drivers for Windows on the OSX install image to make specialized Mac hardware operable under Windows. Hopefully they ship at least a read-only APFS Windows driver at some point.

    3. Re:Windows and Linux support by TheFakeTimCook · · Score: 3, Informative

      Nope. Not even close. Other operating systems tend to be much more accommodating. Either the OS vendor itself is more accommodating or the end users pick up the slack.

      You're so full of shit it's running out your ears.

      Natively, macOS can read/write the following filesystems:

      APFS, HFS, HFS+, NTFS, FAT32, exFAT, ext2 (or maybe later).

      And with MacFuse, it can read/write more.

      https://osxfuse.github.io/

      So, what were you saying, again?

  11. Re:Welcome by ctilsie242 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I would say that APFS earned its bones earlier this year when Apple pushed out iOS 10.3. This is actually the first time in history a vendor has actually converted this many people from one filesystem to another, with pretty much zero complaints on various forums. Had even an outlier even happened with more than 1-2 people affected, there would be people in the streets yelling about a "filesystem-gate".

    I would dare to say that migrating to APFS on macOS will be relatively painless.

  12. Re:Glad I opted out of... by mwvdlee · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Only problem I can think of is that the drive may be inaccessible by other file systems.
    If the OS breaks down for some reason, this may make recovery of data a serious issue.

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  13. whipslash, can you please deal with msmash? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    whipslash, if you still come around this site, could you please do something about msmash?

    This submission should be considered totally unacceptable for the front page. The topic matter is interesting and very relevant, but the summary itself is beyond atrocious. As you can see, it is completely lacking any and all context. I can't see how any editor would look at this submission and think it's anything but garbage. Yet apparently msmash considered it good enough to put on the front page of this site!

    This isn't the first time I've seen shitty summaries put on the front page by msmash. But it is one of the worst examples I can think of. This summary is just so utterly horrid.

    Could you please seriously consider removing msmash's editorial duties and responsibilities? This summary suggests to me that msmash should not be putting submissions on the front page. It doesn't matter if this ended up on the front page intentionally or accidentally. Regardless of the specifics, this summary in this form should not have ever ended up on the front page here.

    Please consider replacing msmash with an editor who is at least somewhat capable of posting summaries that aren't complete shit like this one is.

  14. Re:Glad I opted out of... by jedidiah · · Score: 2

    > Because being forced into APFS is terrible... why exactly?

    It takes change control out of the hands of the end user.

    --
    A Pirate and a Puritan look the same on a balance sheet.
  15. Re:Glad I opted out of... by Sneeka2 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Fair enough, but not enough of a reason not to upgrade. HFS+ must go at some point, you need to get it over with eventually. It's been widely known that this change was coming for quite a while, any external tooling has had enough time to migrate where necessary.

    --
    Bitten Apples are still better than dirty Windows...
  16. Re:Glad I opted out of... by Sneeka2 · · Score: 4, Informative

    What gives you the idea APFS is "two months old"? It's been announced in June 2016, at which point it must have been pretty darn complete already, and it's been running on millions of iOS devices for the past half year with virtually no incident whatsoever.

    And nobody's forcing you to upgrade to High Sierra, unlike Microsoft's extremely aggressive Windows upgrade push. That would be a comparable point, if Apple did a virtually automatic upgrade without your consent. Including a new file system in a major system upgrade is a far cry from that.

    --
    Bitten Apples are still better than dirty Windows...
  17. Re:Glad I opted out of... by amicusNYCL · · Score: 2

    Because being forced into APFS is terrible... why exactly?

    Notwithstanding the fact that this Slashdot "article" looks like someone who was trying to reply to an email on an existing conversation accidentally posted an out-of-context chunk to Slashdot instead, clicking on the one link and looking at the bullet points would suggest that APFS is not compatible with MacOS versions prior to 10.12.6, so that any computers running those prior versions would not be able to read or write to the updated devices, it sounds like Boot Camp does not support APFS, and it may affect network file shares. In other words, whenever you push your entire base toward a single standard there is bound to be a certain set of users who are going to have problems switching, but it sounds like Apple gets a free pass. It's bad for other people to force all of their users to move in a certain direction, regardless of whether they want to or not, but it's OK when Apple does it I guess.

    --
    "Our two-party system is like a bowl of shit looking at itself in a mirror." - Lewis Black
  18. Re:Glad I opted out of... by amicusNYCL · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Which end user is truly concerned about the file system? Which end user even knows what that is?

    That's the argument? It's OK because Apple users don't know what a file system is?

    If you can't run High Sierra for whatever reason right now

    OK, but if Apple users don't even know what a file system is, how will they know if updating any one of their plethora of Apple devices might break compatibility with any other devices? If they upgrade, and it doesn't work, can they revert?

    if you update, the system either works or it doesn't.

    Is that the updated motto? Apple: it either works or it doesn't.

    --
    "Our two-party system is like a bowl of shit looking at itself in a mirror." - Lewis Black
  19. Re:The claim is APFS is better in every respect by Just+Some+Guy · · Score: 2

    You're really moving the goalposts here. Yes, it's "no worse" in every technical way. There are some things it doesn't do better: it doesn't increase your flash drive's internal capacity. It doesn't conjure unicorns any better than HFS+ did. It doesn't mow your lawn. There are some things it does worse: conceivably there's some program somewhere that does

    if(!strcmp(fsname, "HFS+"))

    to detect whether it's running on a Mac, and that program will break.

    Macs ship with Samba built in. I'm gonna go ahead and say yes, it can be read by Samba.

    I bet Windows can read APFS about as well as Mac can read ReFS.

    It will support some devices that HFS+ doesn't, and vice versa.

    Look, it's different. By every technical metric, it meets or exceeds HFS+. Sure, there are scenarios where the simple fact that it's not HFS+ will cause problems because that's the only thing an application knows how to use, but there aren't going to be many of those and they'll be fixed over time.

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  20. Re:Glad I opted out of... by stinerman · · Score: 2

    Apple does get a pass. Mostly because they have always been a company willing to break backward compatibility at the drop of a hat. This is nothing new.

    Microsoft does not because they are the kind of company that will make changes to their OS to ensure that specific legacy applications continue to work with new versions.

  21. Re: Glad I opted out of... by blindseer · · Score: 2

    If you order a new Windows laptop

    This is Slashdot, why on Earth would I do that?

    To install Linux onto it?

    I know that there are places that sell laptops with Linux pre-installed but this is Slashdot, who doesn't wipe the drive and install their own OS of choice anyway? There's just a much wider choice of hardware if one ignores which OS comes on the laptop knowing they'll just blow it away once the computer is in their hands.

    The question to ask how the Windows partition is formatted on the drive from the factory is something someone might just notice as they go to gparted and blow away the partition. It might mean much in the end but this is Slashdot and people notice things like what formatting is on a partition.

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  22. Re:Glad I opted out of... by TheFakeTimCook · · Score: 5, Interesting

    it's exactly like windows.

    being forced into a feature solely to boost the size of the user base for testing (captcha: debugs)...... it's beta. it's two fucking months old.. will be less than six months old when sierra goes gold.. still beta at that point, afaiac..... and it's a damn file system... just, ya know, the most important piece of an operating system that uses storage. no big. good thing apple has a totally flawless history of introducing new features with no bugs, huh? absolutely nothing to worry about.. not the first time apple has forced something on users.. won't be the last. this one just has the potential to be the nastiest..

    i get it though. i wouldn't want to run "..the worst file system ever" (l.torvalds) either. hfs dates back to 1985. the year 'back to the future' hit theaters. hfs+ enhancements to it are from 1998 (os 8.1... EIGHT POINT ONE.. 680x0 was still a thing then, for fuck's sake). it's about time they use a file system actually designed for a unix-like operating system (everything has been duct tape and bailing wire since the first osx). yo, apple..what the fuck took you so long? your meta data engineer finally retire? and your new youngins don't know how to byte-swap on read or write?

    Actually, APFS has been in development for almost 5 years now. Pretty much right after they decided to ditch the ZFS Project (Thanks, Oracle!). And it was actually "silently" deployed publicly (sort-of) in iOS 10.1 (IIRC) (that was the bug-check you speak of). That is a lot longer than you claim.

    https://www.macobserver.com/an...

    And, Apple actually has a nearly spotless record when it comes to File Systems. You can say some things about HFS+; but "unreliable" ain't one of 'em! And, generating from the LACK-of "all my data is gone!" reports from iOS owners, it looks like, despite its young age, that APFS is already quite reliable. That's why Apple feels like it's ok to roll it out to macOS.

    So, if your iPhone/iPad is on 10.1 or greater, you have actually been at least temporarily exposed to APFS for that long, and so has the rest of the iOS-owning-public. That's why they felt it was trustworthy enough to roll-out permanently in iOS 10.3. Because they had already done a "dry run" on Millions of iOS devices.

    I think the reason that HDDs/Fusion Drives aren't being automatically converted to APFS yet, is that they have spent the lion's share of optimization up to this point on Flash-Based systems, and will eventually circle back-around to optimizing HDD metrics, too.

    Apple is definitely not "done" with APFS; but it is far from a Beta at this point.

    And as for age: How old, exactly, is NTFS? How about ext? For NTFS, the first version was created in 1993, and the most recent version in 2001. Not too bloody different from HFS and HFS+. As for ext, it started as just plain-ol' "ext" in 1992, and the most recent version ("ext4"), like most open-source stuff, has a more, er, "storied" history. It looks like it was finally adopted in 2008, which is still nearly a decade ago.

  23. Re:Glad I opted out of... by TheFakeTimCook · · Score: 2

    Well, ya know, the patents on NTFS are surely running out by now, and Linux knows NTFS inside and out too. MS just doesn't feel comfortable without some kind of lock-in.

    macOS has had Read support for NTFS since at least version 10.1, and "experimental" R/W support since, IIRC, 10.8 or so, if not earlier.

    "Experimental" means you have to flip a config option in Terminal. Since NTFS is undocumented, Apple pretty much HAS to call their support "Experimental".

    http://www.techrepublic.com/ar...

  24. Re:Glad I opted out of... by TheFakeTimCook · · Score: 2

    Because someone has custom software written around another file system?

    The point is that no matter how good APFS is, there many be reasons some users can't use it. Apple's our way for f*** you is just plain wrong.

    Add to that, Apple never gets version 1 right...it makes sense to hold off adapting an entire new file system for a few months.

    It has already been running on millions of iOS devices longer than that.

  25. Re:Glad I opted out of... by Sneeka2 · · Score: 2

    Your point being? Do you believe a FAT32 USB stick will silently be converted to APFS when you plug it into a Mac? Errrrrrrr... no.

    --
    Bitten Apples are still better than dirty Windows...
  26. Re:Glad I opted out of... by Entropius · · Score: 3, Insightful

    You mean the PROGRA~1 folder?

  27. Re:No Backing Out? by TheFakeTimCook · · Score: 3, Informative

    Workable, and thankfully Time Machine and Apple's Recovery Mode works so well, but damn you'd better have a reliable Time Machine drive, and better yet some install media with your last working Mac OS.

    Actually, in addition to the "Recovery Partition", OSX/macOS has had the ability for quite some time to automagically download and install the ORIGINAL OS for your particular Mac, and/or to create a USB Installer. No "Install discs", "Recovery Partition", or TM backup needed.

    http://www.macworld.co.uk/how-...

  28. Re: Glad I opted out of... by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 2, Funny

    No, to install Linux on it and then bitch about the lack of commercial support for it.

  29. How's life in the hypocrite lane?

  30. Re: Glad I opted out of... by TheFakeTimCook · · Score: 2

    HFS+ is shit and is dangerous. It's based on very old standards and is a total mess under the hood, not so different than NTFS.

    https://www.cio.com/article/2868393/linus-torvalds-apples-hfs-is-probably-the-worst-file-system-ever.html

    And just because St. Linus spews out garbage, you lap it up like the good Apple-Hater you are:

    But here's da facts, Jack. Read 'em and weep:

    https://slashdot.org/comments....

    APFS also has huge Unicode issues:

    https://eclecticlight.co/2017/04/06/apfs-is-currently-unusable-with-most-non-english-languages/

    Bullshit. APFS supports Unicode 9.0. PLENTY of multilanguage support!

    https://developer.apple.com/li...

    http://unicode.org/versions/Un...

    Further, APFS is still very new. Apple is a multinational company. Do your REALLY think they won't be ironed-out sooner, rather than later?

    Btrfs is still in development and has quite a while to go. Filesystems are very difficult and are something you cannot fuck up on! You needs years of testing and verifiability before you push a new fs to market.

    And yet, Synology, to name a company with a LOT to lose by embracing a new filesystem, has gone all-in on btrfs on their new OS. Are THEY being foolhardy? Why not whine about THEM? They migrated from ext4 to btrfs virtually overnight!

    I hope Apple at least fixed all the Unicode bugs in this APFS release. I think I'll stick with ext4.

    Of course you will, you good little Linux fanboi...

  31. Re:Glad I opted out of... by TheFakeTimCook · · Score: 2

    My only gripe about APFS is the lack of checksumming. Which means no bitrot detection... which is a really bad thing when storing media for long term. One minor item would be the lack of deduplication.

    However, this filesystem was definitely needed. It will change how a lot of things work, and upgrade security. The ability to back up via snapshots makes this very useful. The faster I/O due to copy on write cannot hurt either.

    All and all, I think this will be the absolute best feature that 10.13.x comes with.

    I REALLY don't know where this "No Checksumming" meme started; but it simply ISN'T true:

    https://blog.cugu.eu/post/apfs...

    And just an an anecdote, I Upgraded my iPhone 6 to iOS 10.3.3 a couple of nights ago. iOS 10.3.3 is APFS-based, period.

    Not only did I regain about 3 GB of storage; but every single thing is about 3 times as fast! Some of that may be some code-optimization; but I think a good portion of it is due to APFS.