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NASA Images of Puerto Rico Reveal How Maria Wiped Out Power On the Island (jalopnik.com)

An anonymous reader quotes a report from Jalopnik: Hurricane Maria was the most devastating hurricane to make land in Puerto Rico in nearly 100 years and the country is still reeling in its wake. Much of the island still doesn't have running water, reliable communication or electricity. Recently, NASA published a set of date-processed photos that show the island's nighttime lights both before and after the storm. Here, you can see images of the country's capital, San Juan, on a typical night before Maria. It's based on cloud-free and low moonlight conditions. Conversely, the following composite image is of data taken on the nights of Sept. 27 and 28 -- nearly a week after the storm hit -- by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, a scanning radiometer that collects visible and infrared imagery of land, atmosphere, cryosphere and oceans, according to NASA's website.

29 of 180 comments (clear)

  1. Perhaps on an island subject to hurricanes... by Viol8 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    ... it might be a sensible idea to bury electric cables rather than running them around on fragile masts and poles everywhere?

    1. Re:Perhaps on an island subject to hurricanes... by Viol8 · · Score: 2

      Why not? Its done in a lot of places in europe.

    2. Re:Perhaps on an island subject to hurricanes... by The+Cynical+Critic · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Obviously, however the reason why they put them on poles in the first place is because it's considerably cheaper than run them underground and if you've paid any attention to what's been going on there for the last few years you'll know they don't exactly have the money for this just lying around.

      To put the cost into perspective, here in Finland, where we don't have the same debt and budgetary problems, they only relatively recently started mandating companies put a significant effort into moving the above-ground powerline infrastructure under ground and the current plan is to have 65% of the low voltage and 47% of the medium voltage infrastructure moved to underground cables by 2029.

      --
      "Why should I want to make anything up? Life's bad enough as it is without wanting to invent any more of it."
    3. Re:Perhaps on an island subject to hurricanes... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      One word: flooding.

      Sorry, thanks for playing, but there is no easy answer.

    4. Re:Perhaps on an island subject to hurricanes... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      My rural Cooperative charges $3 per foot for overhead lines to a private dwelling. They charge $15 per foot for underground. Overhead lines make much more sense especially when such great devastation is not expected each month. Privately owned generators can be used to power pumps for water, refrigeration, or lighting and are used here for our power outages that can be expected every year or 2.

    5. Re:Perhaps on an island subject to hurricanes... by rmdingler · · Score: 2

      Heat dissipation, for one. Current carrying cables in the air dissipate the heat of electrical power much more efficiently than those inside underground conduit.

      --
      Happiness in intelligent people is the rarest thing I know.

      Ernest Hemingway

    6. Re:Perhaps on an island subject to hurricanes... by rmdingler · · Score: 3, Informative
      Flooding is actually less of problem for underground cable than you might think. There is always water present in underground conduit, and the wiring is jacketed to account for it.

      The location of junctions and transformers is the most important consideration, and if you get those above the flood level, you are likely in good shape.

      Underground municipal infrastructure is usually saturated with water and sewer lines, so even if money isn't a factor in the design, space constraints often are.

      --
      Happiness in intelligent people is the rarest thing I know.

      Ernest Hemingway

    7. Re:Perhaps on an island subject to hurricanes... by rmdingler · · Score: 5, Informative
      Underground Electric Transmission Lines.

      The design and construction of underground transmission lines differ from overhead lines because of two significant technical challenges that need to be overcome. These are: 1) providing sufficient insulation so that cables can be within inches of grounded material; and 2) dissipating the heat produced during the operation of the electrical cables. Overhead lines are separated from each other and surrounded by air. Open air circulating between and around the conductors cools the wires and dissipates heat very effectively. Air also provides insulation that can recover if there is a flashover.

      --
      Happiness in intelligent people is the rarest thing I know.

      Ernest Hemingway

    8. Re:Perhaps on an island subject to hurricanes... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      To further support your point, National Electric Code requires a much thicker wire gauge for buried/raceway applications. Or rather, for any given wire gauge the allowable amperage is much lower if buried, so I suppose it doesn't matter if you're already going to massive overspec your run.

      Take 4/0 copper and 75C rated wire. In free air it's legally rated to 360 amps. Buried, it's legal up to 230 amps.

    9. Re:Perhaps on an island subject to hurricanes... by YrWrstNtmr · · Score: 3, Informative

      Why not? Its done in a lot of places in europe.

      How deep is the water table?
      What might they be drilling through? Dirt, or rock?

      Just saying...the easy assumption to bury might not be as easy as "Just do it".

      During/after Hurricane Isabel a few years ago, my neighborhood was the only one in the area with power. But is not always 'the answer'.

    10. Re:Perhaps on an island subject to hurricanes... by aaarrrgggh · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Failure rates for underground cables are higher in normal operation, and are more sudden and difficult to repair compared to overhead. You might get it for a residential subdivision, but not for the distribution network.

      The real problem is that the poles are too far apart resulting in dramatically higher wind loading in a direction they have little capability to resist. Coupling that with the complete lack of maintenance, poor quality repairs, extremely high centralization of substation infrastructure, and transmission towers that are likely as under-designed as the island's cell towers, it is pretty easy to see why we are here.

      We were trying to get a redundant feeder to a site there, and it was essentially impossible. Their grid was bare bones to say the least.

    11. Re:Perhaps on an island subject to hurricanes... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      If you don't know anything about high voltage and power distribution you probably shouldn't be commenting like this.

      Underground wires fail all the time, I have had six power outages this summer in Arizona due to exactly that. As cables heat up their insulator breaks down and becomes brittle and then dust. When the wire is exposed it is now very close to the ground where it will bleed current. Worse yet, if both + and - lines lose their insulation they could short, typically they are run in separate conduit though so it is more of an issue where the wire surfaces.

      If you have ever loaded an extension cord with too much current you'll see what I mean. I used to work in tents with temporary power all the time. Extension cords for lighting were always so hot you couldn't touch them. You solve that problem by using a thicker gauge which also allows you to go further. I had a hell of a time getting 208 power 500 feet from the generator. It takes real thick wire if you're going to actually power a server rack or two. 20 amp 208 for 500' ends up being 10 gauge preferably but you can probably get away with 12. Either way that is some THICK wire and is very hard to work with. Now imagine doing that with transmission lines while are way higher voltage and pulling waaay more current.

  2. Re:It's all Trump's fault by Chrisq · · Score: 2

    Re:It's all Trump's fault

    Well all that hot air has to go somewhere

  3. But that takes money by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Informative

    Puerto Rico's government drove the island to bankruptcy.:

    With its creditors at its heels and its coffers depleted, Puerto Rico sought what is essentially bankruptcy relief in federal court on Wednesday, the first time in history that an American state or territory had taken the extraordinary measure.

    The action sent Puerto Rico, whose approximately $123 billion in debt and pension obligations far exceeds the $18 billion bankruptcy filed by Detroit in 2013, to uncharted ground.

    ...

    Of course the pols in charge in Puerto Rico are now casting about blame to deflect attention from their own contributory negligence.

  4. Not how. Just how much. by 140Mandak262Jamuna · · Score: 5, Insightful

    These photographs don't shed any light on how the grid was wiped out. It just shows how much. Which we already know. Just a little bit more graphic. That is all.

    --
    sed -e 's/Chuck Norris/Rajnikant/g' joke > fact
    1. Re:Not how. Just how much. by Bing+Tsher+E · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Yes, it was a really disappointing article. We know the power is out. 'NASA' wasn't needed to show us that. The whole article appears to be a puff piece. A gee-whiz article not suitable for Slashdot readers.

  5. Less is More by Dutch+Gun · · Score: 2

    I love how, in the comparison images, someone actually felt the need to label darker areas as "less lights" and brighter areas as "more lights."

    Also, how pedantic would it be of me to point out that it should be "fewer" lights, not "less"?

    --
    Irony: Agile development has too much intertia to be abandoned now.
    1. Re:Less is More by Mal-2 · · Score: 4, Informative

      Nope, they got it right in a somewhat awkward way. They aren't counting those lights, but rather mapping the overall intensity at given locations. If it's not a countable quantity but rather one of magnitude, then "less" is correct. The use of "lights" rather than "light" may be throwing you off.

      --
      How is the Riemann zeta function like Trump rallies? Both have an endless number of trivial zeros.
  6. No representatives to bring home the pork! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

    While other states have representatives to bring home pork spending, Puerto Rico does not. In addition, the median household income is $18K compared to Mississippi, where where the per capita income is $40K. How much can you really tax a household that only makes $18K? No companies will target Puerto Rico as a market. It's expensive to ship food there from the COTUS. In addition, if the island was already in debt, a substantial portion of the revenues are going to pay off the debug.

    So it's easy to say the government "drove the island to bankruptcy" implying that funds are being mismanaged. Even a new government would not be able to change the status quo because they are starting from such a deep hole. When the federal government needs to get out of a recession, they use deficit spending, and the closest thing a state can do to do that (which is not really ethical but there are no other options) is to issue bonds, and then default on them (bankruptcy).

    1. Re:No representatives to bring home the pork! by naughtynaughty · · Score: 3, Informative

      Mississippi's per capita income is approximately $20k, not $40k.

      You probably meant median income for both Mississippi and Puerto Rico.

    2. Re:No representatives to bring home the pork! by Green+Mountain+Bot · · Score: 2

      No, he said "household income", not "per capita income".

  7. "the country"? by j-beda · · Score: 5, Informative

    A large part of the challenges that Peurto Rico faces is that it is not in fact a country, but rather it is an "unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea".

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

    https://www.thoughtco.com/puer...

    Peraps if Peurto Rico was a country (or a "state" within the United States), they might have been better able to respond to the types of problems that this storm has caused.

    WIth a population of a bit more than 3.4 million, the territory seems to have more people than twenty-two other US states:

    http://worldpopulationreview.c...

    1. Re:"the country"? by Oswald+McWeany · · Score: 3, Informative

      They pay taxes, that's all the reason anyone needs to be able to get a better response from the government

      They pay US federal taxes indeed. The federal government should help out here. Why is Trump dragging his feet? Well, Texas is a big republican state so Trump was all about helping them out. Florida is a toss up state so Trump helped a little. Puerto Rico can't vote for President and if they could there is no way they would vote for Trump.

      Trump isn't going to help another human being if they can't give him something in return.

      --
      "That's the way to do it" - Punch
    2. Re:"the country"? by LynnwoodRooster · · Score: 2

      Taxation in PR. No Federal income tax, and they paid about $3.7 billion in taxation. PR gets back about $3 dollars for every one collected in taxation. And the response has been good according to the PR Governor.

      --
      Browsing at +1 - no ACs, I ignore their posts. So refreshing!
    3. Re:"the country"? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      Except he didn't waive the Jones Act like he did for TX and FL until browbeaten by the rest of the country.

    4. Re:"the country"? by whoever57 · · Score: 2

      Again, there wasn't a clear majority because of the boycott.

      You don't call 97% a clear majority? Oh, you mean a majority of eligible voters? I'm sorry, but democracy does not work that way. You either vote, or your opinion doesn't count.

      Using your argument, no recent US President had legitimacy, because less than 50% of the eligible voters voted for him.

      In the case of Trump, less than 27% of eligible voters voted for him. Should he be ignored because of this?

      --
      The real "Libtards" are the Libertarians!
  8. Re: Spending income is irresponsible by 110010001000 · · Score: 4, Informative

    Because our $20 trillion in debt is caused by $400,000 grants. Give me a break, our debt is caused by our defense spending (your "heroes"). They are protecting our Homeland after all.

  9. Re:PR is too heavily entwined, it needs to be a st by GLMDesigns · · Score: 3, Interesting

    PR should become a state or become an independent country. There shouldn't be any middle ground. However I know many, many PRicans who do want the middle way. They want it to remain as it is. "This is what was agreed to 100 years ago - and we ought to stick with it."

    --
    If you're scared of your govt then you need to further restrict its powers
    Vote 3rd Party in 2016 and beyond
  10. Distributed renewable microgrids would fix this by WillAffleckUW · · Score: 2

    If you look at the pics, you'll notice the areas with buildings that had distributed microgrids of power, as in houses with some solar or wind that could be protected or taken indoors, were the first to regain power, followed by diesel backup generators that either pre-existed or were provided by the military or commercial/private interests.

    While it is true that undergrounding is a good choice, it would not have prevented blown transformers, flooded power generation sites, storm damage to all utility power generation, so bringing the grid back up becomes very difficult. You have to isolate the cells and bring them back up one by one. Problem is the load is too high. Modern equipment mostly goes to off mode (e.g. furnaces shut down during power interruption, fridges go to quiet/standby mode), but there's a lot of old equipment on islands.

    Current Energy Policy articles recommend that most islands go to sustainable/resilient renewable microgrids with both battery (e.g. Tesla PowerWall and equivalent (cheaper to make yourself)) and CNG/LNG power backups.

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