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Self-Healing Material Can Build Itself From Carbon In the Air (mit.edu)

MIT chemical engineers have reportedly designed a material that can react with carbon dioxide from the air, "to grow, strengthen, and even repair itself." According to MIT News, "The polymer, which might someday be used as construction or repair material or for protective coatings, continuously converts the greenhouse gas into a carbon-based material that reinforces itself." From the report: The current version of the new material is a synthetic gel-like substance that performs a chemical process similar to the way plants incorporate carbon dioxide from the air into their growing tissues. The material might, for example, be made into panels of a lightweight matrix that could be shipped to a construction site, where they would harden and solidify just from exposure to air and sunlight, thereby saving on the energy and cost of transportation. The material the team used in these initial proof-of-concept experiments did make use of one biological component -- chloroplasts, the light-harnessing components within plant cells, which the researchers obtained from spinach leaves. The chloroplasts are not alive but catalyze the reaction of carbon dioxide to glucose. Isolated chloroplasts are quite unstable, meaning that they tend to stop functioning after a few hours when removed from the plant. In their paper, [the researchers] demonstrate methods to significantly increase the catalytic lifetime of extracted chloroplasts. In ongoing and future work, the chloroplast is being replaced by catalysts that are nonbiological in origin.

The material the researchers used, a gel matrix composed of a polymer made from aminopropyl methacrylamide (APMA) and glucose, an enzyme called glucose oxidase, and the chloroplasts, becomes stronger as it incorporates the carbon. It is not yet strong enough to be used as a building material, though it might function as a crack filling or coating material, the researchers say. The team has worked out methods to produce materials of this type by the ton, and is now focusing on optimizing the material's properties. Commercial applications such as self-healing coatings and crack filling are realizable in the near term, they say, whereas additional advances in backbone chemistry and materials science are needed before construction materials and composites can be developed.

63 comments

  1. Neo-Vicrtorians rejoice by MancunianMaskMan · · Score: 1

    At last. The Diamond age.

    1. Re:Neo-Vicrtorians rejoice by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      More like sugarcube-age. The process creates glucose from CO2, and polymerize it. Seems to me that such materials, while self-healing, may have a problem with rotting or even dissolving in water.

    2. Re:Neo-Vicrtorians rejoice by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 1

      Now that our sexual mores have gone back to Victorian times, I’m hoping that we are now about to see the good side of the Victorian era, which was the ebullient interest in science and technology that powered the first industrial revolution.

    3. Re:Neo-Vicrtorians rejoice by serviscope_minor · · Score: 2

      Or possibly the wood age.

      --
      SJW n. One who posts facts.
    4. Re:Neo-Vicrtorians rejoice by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Now that our sexual mores have gone back to Victorian times, I'm hoping that we are now about to see the good side of the Victorian era

      What, like Pony Play, or S&M, or piercing your dick (called a Prince Albert, you know, Victoria's husband), Cocaine, Opium, and the many many things the Victorians did secretly?

      What the Victorians did in private, and what they professed in public were often very different things.

      Just like today, the louder someone rails against fun sex, the more likely they are to be trying to get a little action in the stall of an airport bathroom, show up with hookers, or be abusing children.

      If people would just get over it and stop the hypocrisy and realize that humans are sexual creatures, the world would be a better place. Instead we have moralizing assholes who profess one thing in public, and do completely different things in private, or trying to make people live to an impossible and ridiculous standard in which sex is evil.

    5. Re:Neo-Vicrtorians rejoice by sfcat · · Score: 1

      Now that our sexual mores have gone back to Victorian times, I'm hoping that we are now about to see the good side of the Victorian era

      What, like Pony Play, or S&M, or piercing your dick (called a Prince Albert, you know, Victoria's husband), Cocaine, Opium, and the many many things the Victorians did secretly?

      What the Victorians did in private, and what they professed in public were often very different things.

      Just like today, the louder someone rails against fun sex, the more likely they are to be trying to get a little action in the stall of an airport bathroom, show up with hookers, or be abusing children.

      If people would just get over it and stop the hypocrisy and realize that humans are sexual creatures, the world would be a better place. Instead we have moralizing assholes who profess one thing in public, and do completely different things in private, or trying to make people live to an impossible and ridiculous standard in which sex is evil.

      Wish I had mod points today...

      --
      "Those that start by burning books, will end by burning men."
    6. Re:Neo-Vicrtorians rejoice by Kaenneth · · Score: 1

      or Ants.

  2. Like a 'Tree' and 'Wood'? by hughbar · · Score: 3, Insightful

    For example. Just sayin'

    --
    On y va, qui mal y pense!
    1. Re:Like a 'Tree' and 'Wood'? by Rei · · Score: 4, Informative

      Or like concrete. The concrete itself actually becomes stronger, denser and less permeable with age by absorbing carbon dioxide and converting to limestone.

      The main reason why this is considered a bad thing is because modern concrete uses steel rebar reinforcement, and carbonation reduces the concrete's pH. High pH in concrete is required to protect the steel. Once the pH drops enough to prevent the passivation of the rebar, it begins rusting, expands by nearly an order of magnitude, and the concrete spalls out.

      --
      "Close the door! What, were you born in a barn?" -- Police chief, "Jesus Christ Supercop"
    2. Re:Like a 'Tree' and 'Wood'? by jfdavis668 · · Score: 1

      Except with Blackjack and hookers.

    3. Re:Like a 'Tree' and 'Wood'? by ITRambo · · Score: 2

      Concrete today needs to use epoxy coated rebar for the longest life and to prevent the nasty rust spots that eventually appear as the concrete degrades. Too bad cost cutting is still common.

    4. Re:Like a 'Tree' and 'Wood'? by K.+S.+Kyosuke · · Score: 1

      Perhaps improved passivation could help?

      --
      Ezekiel 23:20
    5. Re:Like a 'Tree' and 'Wood'? by Kaenneth · · Score: 1

      I only use solid 24k gold rebar myself.

    6. Re:Like a 'Tree' and 'Wood'? by TeknoHog · · Score: 1

      If you try to improve your passivation but can't bother to do it, have you succeeded?

      --
      Escher was the first MC and Giger invented the HR department.
    7. Re:Like a 'Tree' and 'Wood'? by Darinbob · · Score: 1

      This also improves sound quality.

    8. Re: Like a 'Tree' and 'Wood'? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, sorry. You have to improve your passivation passively.

    9. Re:Like a 'Tree' and 'Wood'? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Please tell me more. Do you have any concrete-based anecdotes to share?

    10. Re:Like a 'Tree' and 'Wood'? by Rei · · Score: 1

      Epoxy-coated rebar actually doesn't work that well. It's been a big disappointment in the industry.

      Now, stainless steel rebar works great. Unfortunately it's also 5 times as expensive as non-stainless rebar.

      An interesting alternative is FRP rebar. But its behavior is very different to steel, so it's not a drop-in replacement. The best fibre is carbon fibre, which has incredible durability, but is also very expensive. The best balance between price and durability appears to be basalt fibre. As for resins, epoxy is the best.

      --
      "Close the door! What, were you born in a barn?" -- Police chief, "Jesus Christ Supercop"
  3. Lime Mortar sets this way by aberglas · · Score: 2

    Ca(OH)2 + CO2 --> CaCO3
    Hydrated Lime + Carbon Dioxide becomes Limestone
    Not sure what happens to the H

    1. Re:Lime Mortar sets this way by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ca(OH)2 + CO2 --> CaCO3
      Hydrated Lime + Carbon Dioxide becomes Limestone
      Not sure what happens to the H

      My guess is it forms water and evaporates into the air. On the left is 2 hydrogen and 4 oxygen, on the right is 3 oxygen, that leaves 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen or H2O.

    2. Re:Lime Mortar sets this way by Kokuyo · · Score: 1

      H2 I would assume from what little remains of my knowledge of chemistry.

    3. Re:Lime Mortar sets this way by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Cambodia Siam Reap. Temples were glued together with palm sugar and some kind of green moss/fungus reaction.And more palm oil to stop the sugar dissolving by water until it became waterproof enough. Rediscovered.

    4. Re:Lime Mortar sets this way by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      CaCa(OH)2 + CO2 --> CaCO3 + H2O

    5. Re:Lime Mortar sets this way by RobinH · · Score: 1

      There's also an extra O on the left, so I assume it becomes H2O.

      --
      "I have never let my schooling interfere with my education." - Mark Twain
    6. Re:Lime Mortar sets this way by Solandri · · Score: 3, Informative

      H2 sits at a high energy state (elemental forms are defined as zero, most other molecules have negative Gibbs free energy, indicating a lower energy state). Generating molecules with high Gibbs free energy usually requires putting energy into the system. Since the mortar reaction drives itself (the mortar sets), more likely it forms H2O, which sits at a very low energy state (which is why water is the end product of a lot of combustion reactions).

      CO2 is also a very low energy state (why it's also the end product of combustion of respiration), so converting it into nearly anything else requires putting energy in to drive the reaction up the energy gradient. Plants convert CO2 (and H2O) into glucose by using energy from sunlight (photosynthesis) to drive the reaction. Presumably this material does the same.

      Also, the idea isn't completely new. Self-healing fiber reinforced polymers (like fiberglass or carbon fiber) have been made by encapsulating small amounts of the two components of epoxy (resin and hardener) separately inside the FRP. When the FRP develops a crack, some of these capsules are also broken open. The liquid resin and hardener ooze out, mix, and harden into epoxy to seal the crack. The material in TFA is a bit different in that it pulls the required materials out of the air.

    7. Re:Lime Mortar sets this way by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Ca(OH)2 + CO2 --> CaCO3
      Not sure what happens to the H

      The right reaction (which will make it clear what happens to the H) is:
      Ca(OH)2 + CO2 --> CaCO3 + H2O

    8. Re:Lime Mortar sets this way by Rei · · Score: 1

      Yep, that's the reaction for CH. There's also C-S-H, which also forms limestone (mainly CaCO3 in the forms of vaterite and aragonite) plus a silica gel. C-S-H is more abundant in cement than CH but carbonation of CH occurs more quickly.

      --
      "Close the door! What, were you born in a barn?" -- Police chief, "Jesus Christ Supercop"
    9. Re:Lime Mortar sets this way by DigressivePoser · · Score: 1

      So we are exchanging one greenhouse gas for another (worse) one.

    10. Re:Lime Mortar sets this way by suutar · · Score: 1

      stronger, yes. Worse, questionable. At least water vapor condenses out of the atmosphere sometimes.

  4. Quite scary... by LordHighExecutioner · · Score: 2

    ...look at the effects

    1. Re:Quite scary... by Errol+backfiring · · Score: 1

      Quite so. For a material to be self-healing, it first needs to know if it is damaged. So a really self-heeling material has to have some intelligence. This can off course be very crude (like damaging outer cells releasing some kind of hormone that triggers the building of new ones), but without it you are literally creating a monster.

      --
      Nae king! Nae laird! Nae yurrupiean pressedent! We willna be fooled again!
    2. Re:Quite scary... by mark-t · · Score: 1

      So a really self-heeling [sic] material has to have some intelligence.

      It requires no more intelligence than a spring needs to return to its preferred length. One exploits the physical properties of your substance to produce a desired result, and engineers the materials in such a way that its naturally preferred state is whatever that desired result is. This does not require any intelligence whatsoever.

  5. Photsynthetic Goo ? by Crashmarik · · Score: 1

    Really ?? Describing goo as a material that heals itself ?

    1. Re:Photsynthetic Goo ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well if you say it's self-healing and also absorb greenhouse gas, it sounds very positive.
      Unlike if you say "grey goo" or something like that.

    2. Re:Photsynthetic Goo ? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah, very "positive". How about some personal responsibility and limits on consumption? You Americans just need to lose the fat to make the world a better place.

    3. Re:Photsynthetic Goo ? by pgmrdlm · · Score: 1

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...
      I actually thought Mexico was ahead of us also in this category, but not according to this

      --
      Anonymous comments are as pathetic as the anonymous "sources" that contaminate gutless journalism from the New York Time
  6. the bleeding must stop for healing to begin.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    cease fire stand down.. there are moms & children in every town..

  7. Except with cancerous acrylamide. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The last time I looked, people were warned not to fry their carbs "too much", as it would produce cancerous acrylamide.

    Not that I or anyone would stop eatig fries and the like.

    1. Re: Except with cancerous acrylamide. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Easier to just eat buildings. Healthier too.

  8. chloroplasts? by symes · · Score: 0

    So everything is going green... literally

    Would this work in space? The availability of carbon up there is more limited but self healing space craft might be useful.

    1. Re: chloroplasts? by jd · · Score: 1

      If they can throw in a teleport and Cally, that would be perfect.

      Failing that, self-healing hulls would help enormously with riskier missions.

      --
      It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
  9. bah CAPTCHA: prospers by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Now the corporations are going to suck all our carbon out of the air for profit, leaving us to freeze.

  10. One step closer by jd · · Score: 1

    DSV-2, aka The Liberator, shall be mine! With Google working on Zen, what can possibly go wrong?

    --
    It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
  11. sniff sniff can i smell something by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    so they made something that can possibly self heal for a few hours until the chloroplasts go bad, so utterly useless after a day.
    and presumes they can make a synthetic chloroplasts that doesn't go bad so quickly, sounds like that is the pie in the sky hard part!!!

    smells like overhyped, no where near ready for anything bullshit that wants some investment funding..

  12. I really wish... by DrTJ · · Score: 1

    ... that nature had thought of this. Like, one could have stuff coming out the ground fueled by CO2, and maybe the energy source could be the sun!

    Transmogrifying, Revolutional Energy Enties - T.R.E.E.s!

  13. Grey goo by pablo_max · · Score: 2

    This sounds like the opening chapter for a book predicated on the grey goo scenario.

    1. Re:Grey goo by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      A synthetic, gel-like substance that can repair itself. That made me think of the liquid metal, self-healing T2000 machines from Terminator 2.

    2. Re:Grey goo by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This sounds like the opening chapter for a book predicated on the grey goo scenario....only if the book has zero to do with the story linked to above. Its not taking any element it finds and magically making it into more of itself - its using carbon with UV as a catalyst.

      also the grey-goo scenario is downright stupid. There are around 100 elements in our planet, and very few of them are pure elements. Most are compound molecules of some sort. You'd need machines that could, on an atomic scale, steal individual atoms from a bond and then force them into a different bond, using purely mechanical forces, with stored energy to break that reaction, all in a teensy tiny little package.

      We're about 1000 years away from this technology, if its even possible. Just because someone can write a science fiction novel, doesn't mean their idea will actually work in the real world no matter how much magical thinking you employ.

      If you want to scare yourself, how about realizing that in 100 years the chemical saturation on our planet could truly make humanity sterile, along with dead oceans, bad air, and 50C summers in London.

      That's a FAR worse scenario than any weak 'self-healing' biomaterial.

    3. Re: Grey goo by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's T-1000. Not 2000.

  14. At the risk of being a heretic on Slashdot... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ... may I say we don't have enough CO2 in the atmosphere? It's a trace gas that is essential for life.

    To draw an analogy, if 100 US dollars represents all the gases in the atmosphere, then 4 US cents is the amount of CO2 in it. It's essentially nothing. And it's a wimpy gas when it comes to trapping heat.

  15. Sounds a bit... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ... dangerous...

    What if this "blob" grows out of control !

    Suddenly reminds me of this "blob" "painting" game. =DDDDDDDD

  16. Finally by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We've invented structure gel as seen in sci-fi

  17. There's a Ms. Sarah Connor here to see you by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    She's armed and does not appear thrilled with your work...

  18. Liberator? Zen? Re:One step closer by davidwr · · Score: 1

    Holy Blake's 7 Batman!

    --
    Knowledge is how to play a game, intelligence is how to win, wisdom is knowing what game to play.
    1. Re:Liberator? Zen? Re:One step closer by jd · · Score: 1

      Sadly, with Servalan's death, there shall forever be a hole... to match those caused by the deaths of Gan, Blake and Zen/Orac/Slave.

      Unfortunately, the discussion for her was voted down as spam. As if the supreme commander was some kind of space command trollop.

      --
      It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
  19. Sounds great for flat tar/paper roofs by turp182 · · Score: 1

    The roof on my house is flat tar/paper and has issues every few years as the tar dries and eventually cracks due to exposure to the environment.

    This sounds like a great solution to the tar part of the equation.

    The house is from the late 1880s.

    --
    BlameBillCosby.com
  20. the future by AlwinBarni · · Score: 1

    I like it, the future repairman instead of filling holes will be trimming overgrown structures.
    Also it might make combustion engines mandatory in the future.

    1. Re:the future by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Or Mexican food...

  21. Space by Zhadnost · · Score: 1

    I can't help but think this could lead to a great building material for a Mars colony.

    1. Re:Space by Actually,+I+do+RTFA · · Score: 1

      The atmosphere is too thin to waste it on building materials. We'll need that CO2 to for plants and oxygen.

      --
      Your ad here. Ask me how!
  22. Shiny by The+Snazster · · Score: 1

    Artificial plants, sounds promising for a substitute wood material. Going to take it to whole new level when they can grow diamonds as well.

  23. 3rd dimension by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So the material uses CO2 to "expand and fill in the gap" from damage.

    Hows does it know damage from space available to simply expand ? Why won't it simply grow in a direction it shouldn't? What is keeping it from growing up in their example? How does it know when to stop filling the scratch?