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Facing Soil Crisis, US Farmers Look Beyond Corn and Soybeans (csmonitor.com)

Corn and soybean crops have been good to farmers in the American Midwest and Plains. But these staple crops have taken a toll on the very earth they draw nourishment from. Now, a new generation of farmers is looking underground to try to replenish their soils in a way that both restores nutrients and reduces chemical runoff into the environment. From a report: "Mainstream agriculture, they just don't get it," says North Dakota farmer Jerry Doan. "You have got to feed the biology of the soil." Some farmers are experimenting with growing cover crops on their fields. Devoting valuable land to new crops can be risky for producers, whose thin margins make them reluctant to make big changes if their yields are going to fall, even temporarily. But in some communities, such as Washington County, Iowa, farmers are taking the leap together.

143 comments

  1. Republicans don't believe in biology by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Troll

    Only short-term profits.

    1. Re:Republicans don't believe in biology by Darinbob · · Score: 3

      The dust bowl was less than a century ago, you'd think we'd learn.

    2. Re:Republicans don't believe in biology by Kokuyo · · Score: 3

      Whatever gave you that particular delusion? ;)

    3. Re:Republicans don't believe in biology by Aighearach · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I'm not surprised that they're this stupid.

      But I am surprised that there are people in the world who are aware enough about the existence of farming to talk about it, but think that cover crops are an "experimental" idea.

    4. Re:Republicans don't believe in biology by fustakrakich · · Score: 2

      So was World War 2... No, the collective has learned nothing. The same party rules today. You'd think... but what does it get you?

      --
      “He’s not deformed, he’s just drunk!”
    5. Re: Republicans don't believe in biology by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      RTFA dumbass.

      The new farm bill, which President Trump signed on Dec. 20, includes measures that could help popularize the idea.

    6. Re: Republicans don't believe in biology by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Yes, we learned from the dust bowl.

      We learned to have ag subsidies and loans, so farmers could afford to plant ground cover.

      Now, there are no family farms, big business gets the subsidies. And price supports cause market distortion.

      Not just in the US but overseas too. We put local farmers put of business (bankrupt) because of our too cheap exports.

    7. Re: Republicans don't believe in biology by crmarvin42 · · Score: 4, Informative

      Itâ(TM)s not experimental. Itâ(TM)s common practice on many farms, and has been for a while. The fact that they refer to cover crops as experimental proves the authors have no fucking clue what they are talking about, or what modern farming actually looks like. Just an ignorant twit spreading FUD.

      --
      Bureaucracy expands to meet the needs of the expanding bureaucracy.-Oscar Wilde
    8. Re:Republicans don't believe in biology by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Trump's promised them a never ending supply of coal dust to farm in.

    9. Re:Republicans don't believe in biology by currently_awake · · Score: 2

      Do American farmers not practice Crop Rotation?

    10. Re: Republicans don't believe in biology by crmarvin42 · · Score: 4, Informative

      Not sure where you are getting your information, but the vast majority of farms are still family owned.

      Yes, big farms are getting bigger, and they get subsidies. The thing is, the small farms are doomed for reasons that have nothing to do with subsidies or price supports. They lack economies of scale. Simple as that. When prices for their inputs go up, larger operations are more resilient to prolonged losses, and better positioned to capitalize on good prices. Thus the smaller guys go out of business.

      It’s the same basic economics that mean most mom & pop business of any kind is more likely to fold during a recession than a national chain.

      --
      Bureaucracy expands to meet the needs of the expanding bureaucracy.-Oscar Wilde
    11. Re: Republicans don't believe in biology by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Exactly! Everything about business, that's why Cdreimer left /. after 20 years and posted 100+ videos in 2018. His trolls are still butthurt that he left them alone with APK.

      The thing to do for him: post more videos :)

    12. Re: Republicans don't believe in biology by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 1

      Now, there are no family farms

      97% of farms in America are owned by families. 89% by area farmed.

      big business gets the subsidies.

      So? The purpose of the subsidies is to promote good practices not to "preserve family farms", so what difference does it make how the ownership is structured?

    13. Re:Republicans don't believe in biology by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 1

      Do American farmers not practice Crop Rotation?

      Yes. The author of TFA is an idiot. Crop rotation and cover crops are very common. So is no-till farming that minimizes soil disturbance.

      None of this is new. No-till has been practiced for decades. Crop rotation and cover crops have been done for millennia. Even the Romans understood that fields should occasionally be left fallow, and that rotating legumes with grains could increase yields.

    14. Re: Republicans don't believe in biology by astrofurter · · Score: 1

      Sounds like a (bad) public policy decision to me.

    15. Re: Republicans don't believe in biology by crmarvin42 · · Score: 1

      What part of âoerunnung out of money first because you have less of itâ do you consider to be public policy as opposed to basic arithmetic?

      --
      Bureaucracy expands to meet the needs of the expanding bureaucracy.-Oscar Wilde
    16. Re: Republicans don't believe in biology by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Which party again is the huge proponent for a spectrum of genders? One might think that Democrats dont believe in biology

  2. monocropping annuals by js290 · · Score: 1
    "Every culture that has depended on annual plants for their staple food crops has collapsed." http://bit.ly/1ck0tnM

    "Building Soil with Animal Impact: White Oak Pastures Sustainability isn't enough; it has to be regenerative." https://www.whiteoakpastures.c...

    --
    "Tempers are wearing thin. Let's just hope some robot doesn't kill everybody." --Bender
    1. Re:monocropping annuals by Aighearach · · Score: 1

      Wait, what?! Growing weeds doesn't improve soil quality?? How could it be true?! lolol

    2. Re:monocropping annuals by Pinky's+Brain · · Score: 2

      Every culture has collapsed ...

      Animals change fuck all about the equation ... or at least intermediate animals in between the plants and humans don't. If you keep extracting nutrients faster than geological processes can replenish them and washing them out to the ocean, eventually the soil gets fucked. Or in other words, you need to shit and be buried where you eat. Intermediate animals shitting part of their nutrients out on the soil they are eating from doesn't help, if the nutrients they provide to human animals are still lost.

    3. Re:monocropping annuals by ChromeAeonuim · · Score: 1, Insightful

      Really? So all those societies and civilizations that depended on annuals or annually harvested root crops like corn, wheat, rice, millet, cassava, potato, yam, sweet potato, taro, teff, ect. have all collapsed because of their crop choice? Sounds like something someone who knows bugger all about the topic would say to sound contrary.

      What perennials staples are there? Polynesian societies made heavy use of breadfruit, and in SE Asia there's sago (the palm, not the cycad), and plantains in some parts of the world, so there's a few. Ensete are perennial, high yielding too, but they need dug up, which is apparently not what your Youtube guy is talking about. Besides that, bit of peach palm in the Amazon might count, a negligible amount of screw pine in Kiribati, maybe some wattleseed amount some Australian aboriginal groups. I'm all for increasing their cultivation but it's not really looking good for the historical victory of those species there.

      I just can't see any way that statement holds true, at least, any more true than saying 'Every ancient society that drank water eventually collapsed!'. Also, there's no need for a link shortener on a site that doesn't have meaningful character limits.

    4. Re:monocropping annuals by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What we need is whale poop, take all that shit from the oceans.

    5. Re:monocropping annuals by arth1 · · Score: 3

      It depends on the weeds. Pretty much all of them can bind carbon from the air. Some have the ability to work with bacteria that can bind nitrogen from the air, which plants need in bound form in order to use the nitrogen - the N2 in the air is pretty much inert and unusable for higher life forms like plants.
      Clover and field peas are examples of nitrogen binding plants, and so are some "weeds".

    6. Re:monocropping annuals by arth1 · · Score: 1

      Whale poop can be quite valuable.

    7. Re:monocropping annuals by js290 · · Score: 1

      Feel free to list the annual ag based societies that didn't deplete their resource base and haven't collapsed. Abundance of Ohio River Valley during Jefferson administration

      --
      "Tempers are wearing thin. Let's just hope some robot doesn't kill everybody." --Bender
    8. Re:monocropping annuals by ChromeAeonuim · · Score: 2

      China, India, the entirety of Europe, the US...pretty much all of them actually. Can you name me a single civilization that relies primarily on perennial staples? Because I honestly can't think of any, with the possible exception of certain advanced semi-nomadic gathering based indigenous systems (but even then no distinction is made based on crop type).

      How many perennial staple crop have you eaten at all recently, let alone consumed in substantial quantity? You might be able to get some pigeon pea, but even then, that's typically eaten with rice. Plantains count, but their use as a staple crop varies heavily by region.

      I honestly have no idea how anyone could say anything even close to what you're claiming, unless you're just confusing the terms perennial and permaculture.

    9. Re:monocropping annuals by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2

      "Weeds" is just a name that is used to describe plants for which we have no immediate use or interfere with crops. What an understanding of ecology reveals however is that weeds can be pioneering plants that appear in a given landscape when the soil is deficient or has some underlying damage. As successive generation weeds grow and die they gradually repair the soil by decomposing and providing valuable nutrients to the soil. As the soil changes the conditions become favorable to different plants, and the cycle continues until the soil returns to a stable and healthy condition.

      So yes "weeds" improve soil quality.

    10. Re:monocropping annuals by Bongo · · Score: 1

      Allan Savory has some good talks online about the need to regenerate soil.

    11. Re: monocropping annuals by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      From https://it.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotazione_triennale_delle_colture , translated by Google:

      The three-year crop rotation is an agricultural technique that spread to various parts of Europe from the end of the eighth century BC by the Etruscans (alternating fields with cereal and / or legume crops, or available for grazing)

    12. Re:monocropping annuals by sfcat · · Score: 1

      Whale poop can be quite valuable.

      I believe Ambergris is actually more like whale puke than whale poop.

      --
      "Those that start by burning books, will end by burning men."
    13. Re:monocropping annuals by js290 · · Score: 1

      Yep, White Oak Pastures is a Savory Hub: https://www.whiteoakpastures.c...

      --
      "Tempers are wearing thin. Let's just hope some robot doesn't kill everybody." --Bender
    14. Re:monocropping annuals by js290 · · Score: 1

      So the Roman empire has not collapsed? Which dynastic emperor is in charge of China now? And the various European colonialist countries? Not to mention the Mayans and Incas that are still ruling South America...

      --
      "Tempers are wearing thin. Let's just hope some robot doesn't kill everybody." --Bender
    15. Re:monocropping annuals by Aighearach · · Score: 1

      Clover and field peas are not weeds, though.

      If when I say "weed" you think, "any plant I didn't want in my field," then you won't understand it.

      Weeds are more politely called "pioneer plants." They specialize in growing in disturbed and depleted places. They're not in any place for the long haul.

      Clover and field peas are almost completely the opposite of that.

      Some weeds fix nitrogen but that just means they're plants, it doesn't mean that it improves the soil to have a whole field of them. Plant a field full of wild amaranth, and one with clover, and then at the end of the year do a soil analysis and see which field is ready for other crops. The weed field might just be getting worked by the weeds, it might not really be resting the way it way it would with peas or clover.

    16. Re:monocropping annuals by arth1 · · Score: 1

      Clover and field peas are not weeds, though.

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

      If when I say "weed" you think, "any plant I didn't want in my field," then you won't understand it.

      https://en.oxforddictionaries....

    17. Re:monocropping annuals by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Not to mention that many weeds support wild bees and pollinators which we need when domesticated bees fail

  3. It's called sustainable farming by Pollux · · Score: 5, Informative

    I listened to a local farmer talk about it. With industrial farming, you pump the soil full of chemicals, plant your seed, harvest, wash, rinse, repeat. He said it works, but it takes a terrible toil on the soil and surrounding environment.

    He's now gone to a sustainable farming model. He said it's completely 100% against what industrial farming is all about. He doesn't till the soil, he uses lots of cover crops, doesn't harvest all of it each year, lets his cattle free-graze his fields, and he makes more money doing it. I've heard people say his beef is the best-tasting in the county. Here's a neat write-up about it.

    Another neat benefit he mentioned: He got an 8" rainfall last year, and his fields soaked it all up. All his neighbors had run-off into the river valleys, taking all the chemicals with it, but his fields are full of decomposing tillage that took it all in like a sponge.

    1. Re:It's called sustainable farming by Kokuyo · · Score: 0

      Does he make more money because he can slap some organic label on it or does he actually have better yields? Or is it more a matter of saving money due toless work (no tilling) or not having to pay for chemicals?

    2. Re:It's called sustainable farming by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      You'd have to be some kind of super-moron to miss the intrinsic benefits of not spraying poisonous chemicals all over something you plan to eat, why clean food is inherently worth more money and is of higher quality.

    3. Re:It's called sustainable farming by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Wow, so many second-hand anecdotes, so few facts

    4. Re:It's called sustainable farming by Zocalo · · Score: 1

      It's also the "done thing" where I am in the UK, and that's despite soil here being saturated with nitrates since so much of it was essentially marshland until large scale drainage for agriculture a few hundred years back. Sure, we have a lot of cash crops (at least until the EU stops paying out the subsidies) that a given region's soil lends itself to that get more land than any other crop each year, but crop rotation, or just allowing fields to lie fallow for a year or two, is a given. Most farmers will also plant multiple crops each year in the same field as much as possible, typically harvesting one in spring and the other in the autumn, or using it for livestock. Crop leftovers such as stalks, roots, non-salad leaves, etc. are generally left on the field for a bit, then ploughed right back into the soil.

      Other than a few pastures, typically close to the farm where animals are kept over winter or on hillsides that are not really suitable for crops, I don't think I've noticed any fields that always have the same crop year after year. Unlike the US though, we don't really have that many massive fields - a few tens of acres is probably the norm, and they're also typically fenced, hedged, or dry stone walled off from each other - so I guess that also lends itself to crop rotation much more readily than some of the vast expanses I've seen while in the US midwest.

      --
      UNIX? They're not even circumcised! Savages!
    5. Re: It's called sustainable farming by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You say he doesnâ(TM)t till, then said the tillage soaked up all the rain?

    6. Re: It's called sustainable farming by peragrin · · Score: 4, Informative

      Why just one?? Saving labor. Saving labor, saving chemical costs, saving feed for animals, and still maintaining a viable yield is the goal.

      It is also a lot harder, and varies by location which is why commercial standardized farming companies don't like it.

      --
      i thought once I was found, but it was only a dream.
    7. Re: It's called sustainable farming by Aighearach · · Score: 1

      Many farmers practice no-till on some crops, but do till some of their fields. Often combined with crop rotation, such that the field might get ploughed at some point during the cycle, but it isn't tilled as part of the planting.

      If the soil was continuously tilled for 50+ years you can't just go straight to no-till. You have to reduce it gradually and rebuild the soil.

    8. Re:It's called sustainable farming by skoskav · · Score: 1

      Sustainable farming could be applied to either organic or conventional farming system, as its aim is to uphold long-term ecological health, regardless of it's implemented. Organic farming is more about the ideological decision to use naturally occurring pesticides and fertilizers, and prohibiting synthetic ones, regardless of results.

      There doesn't seem to be much data on its effectiveness though, perhaps because it's a relatively recent viewpoint and not strictly defined, though there are reports of it improving productivity in some cases.

    9. Re:It's called sustainable farming by skoskav · · Score: 1

      Poisonous chemical pesticides and fertilizers are used in both organic and conventional farming systems. Any produce that reaches store shelves in western countries has to fall way below determined safety limits for human consumption.

      I suspect that what you define as "clean food" and "higher quality" has no scientific anchoring.

    10. Re: It's called sustainable farming by phantomfive · · Score: 0

      Natural fertilizer tends to be more poisonous than glyphosate. The glyphosate breaks up in the natural environment, but the natural fertilizer too often remains around.

      --
      "First they came for the slanderers and i said nothing."
    11. Re: It's called sustainable farming by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Learn English, Republicans. Then you can know when you're even lying competently, sheesh.

    12. Re:It's called sustainable farming by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I see you've bought in to the lobbying and propaganda campaigns paid for by Whole Foods

    13. Re: It's called sustainable farming by drinkypoo · · Score: 2

      Natural fertilizer tends to be more poisonous than glyphosate. The glyphosate breaks up in the natural environment, but the natural fertilizer too often remains around.

      This is 100% shit. No, literally. Genuinely natural fertilizer is shit, or composted plants, or the like. It breaks down into soil. Glyphosphate only breaks down in aerobic conditions, but big ag doesn't have those. They use mechanical tilth, which creates hardpan, which traps water. That's why there's glyphosphate in our water systems. As it is actually used, it does not in fact break down.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    14. Re: It's called sustainable farming by phantomfive · · Score: 0

      When was the last time a consumer got sick from glyphosate in their food? Because people get sick from organic fertilizer all the time. The famous example is Chipotle.

      --
      "First they came for the slanderers and i said nothing."
    15. Re: It's called sustainable farming by drinkypoo · · Score: 2

      When was the last time a consumer got sick from glyphosate in their food? Because people get sick from organic fertilizer all the time. The famous example is Chipotle.

      Field workers are shitting in between the rows because they don't have time to take bathroom breaks. And large-scale processing facilities cross-contaminate produce. Smaller facilities mean containment of outbreaks like these. You can't trace any of the mass illnesses from Chipotle grill to fertilizer, but you can trace them all to the overall system involved.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    16. Re: It's called sustainable farming by Vanyle · · Score: 1

      You either save labor or it is a lot harder.. I don't think it can be both?

    17. Re:It's called sustainable farming by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How fucking naive you are. If it works, then "big industry" is going to do it too.

    18. Re:It's called sustainable farming by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You say:

      He doesn't till the soil

      and then you say:

      his fields are full of decomposing tillage

      And something in my insufficiently agricultural brain doesn't add up. How does he have tillage without tilling?

    19. Re: It's called sustainable farming by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Maybe there is an increasing need of masters level degrees in agriculture. Biological systems are relatively complicated to understand and control.

    20. Re:It's called sustainable farming by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You would have to be a fucking retard if you actually believe organic food isn't sprayed with large amounts of chemicals and poisons. The only difference being the poisons used are certified organic, they are still as bad or in some cases even worse for you.

    21. Re: It's called sustainable farming by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You would be wrong and unimaginative.

      Difficult tasks that don't require a lot of labor, like say - figuring out what the best crop layout/rotation/technique is for a particular set of land is not the same as needing 3 days of unskilled labor to pick strawberries out of your monocrop.

      That's why we have different words, because they mean different things and convey different ideas.

    22. Re:It's called sustainable farming by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      He's now gone to a sustainable farming model. He said it's completely 100% against what industrial farming is all about.

      Industrial farming goes against any common sense and knowledge farmers have accumulated over the last several thousand years.

      If you deplete your soil, you starve to death. Period.

      The problem is that in the last century or so, we've reached a model of "deplete soil, spray on chemicals, keep going". It isn't sustainable, and I don't mean in the hippy agrarian sense of the word ... I mean it in the sense of "and then eventually your farming collapses and you've screwed up the land around it".

      People have been rotating crops, leaving a section fallow or for grazing, and otherwise doing things which replenish the soil for millennia, because they've learned what happens when you don't.

      Even livestock shows this ... sure, you could pen thousands of them into an unsafe area, load them up with antibiotics and growth hormones, and not let them move around. What you end up with is a shit product which objectively tastes worse, and which loses much of the benefits because you're essentially eating a sick, anemic animal which hasn't been allowed to walk and build muscle tissue.

      You find a place with a small herd of animals which can walk around freely, eat the things they find ... and that place will have healthier tastier animals they can sell at a premium, and not the "because it's free range and trendy" premium, but because it's a way better product in terms of quality.

      Modern farming is more or less insane, and can't keep going like that. Polluting the downstream waterways so you can spray tons of fertilizer can't do anything but leave you and everyone else without the ability to grow feed or have clean drinking water.

      I'm not sure why every not and then someone suddenly rediscovers this fact, it's been known forever.

    23. Re:It's called sustainable farming by bluefoxlucid · · Score: 1

      The fertilizer is fine; the pesticides, less so, although if you're using pesticides you damned well better use synthetics if you care anything about the environment. The tillage damages soil structure.

      I'm surrounded by coffee shops and breweries, so I've been considering collecting the spent grounds and grains, growing oyster mushrooms, enriching the spent substrate with redworms, and then selling the worm castings as top dressing for gardens and farms. It'd be a massive, massive amount of highly-enriched fertilizer, though, unless the worms and mushrooms reduce the mass significantly.

    24. Re: It's called sustainable farming by phantomfive · · Score: 1

      The problem with natural fertilizer is that it can (and does) make people sick. If you have doubts on this, the internet is available to clear your doubts.

      --
      "First they came for the slanderers and i said nothing."
    25. Re: It's called sustainable farming by epine · · Score: 1

      If you have doubts on this, the internet is available to clear your doubts.

      Good thing there's only one internet, otherwise there might possibly be two opinions which don't fundamentally agree, shattering the awesome power of the internet to cast doubt asunder. Food for thought: an internet fork might well be worse for civilization than a Bitcoin fork.

    26. Re: It's called sustainable farming by phantomfive · · Score: 1

      Either you don't know how to use the internet, or you don't know how to tell a reliable source from an unreliable source. Hint: If it's an opinion, it's an unreliable source.

      --
      "First they came for the slanderers and i said nothing."
    27. Re: It's called sustainable farming by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      Sure, if done wrong. But not using natural fertilizer also has consequences, and they are even worse in the long term. They include threatening the future food production capacity of the planet.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
  4. Well, if it's not sustainable, it can't be sust... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ..ained.

    I don't know why "the economy" doesn't understand that, or is portrayed as not understanding that.

    Surely, every business is interested in long-term survival. Which obviously can't be achieved, if you define exponential growth as survival, or the goal of your business.
    So wouldn't they logically make sure that every resource they need is replenished and every waste they produce is recycled, so they don't starve and/or drown? I mean a smart business would turn that into a advantageous business *too*.

    Is it just managers whose career and life do not depend on the survival of the business? If so, why don't the owners rein them in. Short-sightedness? Stupidity?

    It seems like not giving a fuck about all of that is an important part of the philosophy of certain more extreme "capitalist" types, who also seem to think it's an "American" and "freedom". (Excuse me, if I disagree.)
    I just don't get such types.

  5. easy answer: by slashdice · · Score: 0

    As of a couple weeks ago, hemp is a legal crop in the US. (n.b. marihuana [sic] is still illegal at the federal level. Hemp is his straight laced brother). Growing hemp is one of the best things you can do for the soil. I expect in a 5 or 10 years, hemp will start displacing corn as an industrial crop -- as a raw ingredient for hemp ethanol, hemp plastic, hemp cloth, hemp paper, etc.

    --
    Copyright (c) 1990 - 2014 Dice. All rights reserved. Use of this comment is subject to certain Terms and Conditions.
    1. Re: easy answer: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The dumbest idea I've heard in a while I s cellulosic ethanol. They grow corn, harvest the seed and then bail all the stover and sship it out make ethanol. That puts nothing back in the group. These are the idiots I went to school with.

    2. Re:easy answer: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      As of a couple weeks ago, hemp is a legal crop in the US. (n.b. marihuana [sic] is still illegal at the federal level. Hemp is his straight laced brother). Growing hemp is one of the best things you can do for the soil. I expect in a 5 or 10 years, hemp will start displacing corn as an industrial crop -- as a raw ingredient for hemp ethanol, hemp plastic, hemp cloth, hemp paper, etc.

      Pot and Hemp are the same plant, they aren't "brothers." Hemp is just a variety with a low THC yield. The recent farm bill defined it as having less than 0.05% THC.
      Also, there are several varieties of corn which are grown, primarily they are "sweet corn" which is what people eat, and "feed corn" which is what is commonly fed to livestock. Hemp doesn't replace either of those, as it's uses are primarily as a textile and isn't useful as food for people or animals.

    3. Re:easy answer: by dryeo · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Hemp doesn't replace either of those, as it's uses are primarily as a textile and isn't useful as food for people or animals.

      Hemp seed makes excellent food. One of the few plant products with complete proteins, it also has most of the essential oils. Throw in some greens and you could live a long time on a hemp seed diet.
      Hemp seed oil is also useful for other products, tons used to be used in the paint industry for example.
      Then there is the blas (sp?) that is left over after extracting the fiber from the stems, can be used to make plastics and quite a few other uses.
      There's a reason that hemp was made illegal, and it wasn't that it made people stoned, though that was a convenient excuse to get the busybodies on side. hemp illegalization was mostly a Hearst initiative to remove hemp as a competitor to his new pulp paper industry. DuPont and similar companies were onboard as well.

      --
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_totalitarianism
    4. Re:easy answer: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You and your brother are the same specie.

    5. Re:easy answer: by dbreeze · · Score: 2

      It's not just the hemp seed that's nutritious, practically the whole plant is near perfect food for humans. We live in an evil world people, run by those who would like to see most of us dead...

      --
      When the king heard the words of the Book of the Law he tore his robes.2Kings22:11
    6. Re:easy answer: by drinkypoo · · Score: 2

      It's not just the hemp seed that's nutritious, practically the whole plant is near perfect food for humans.

      I'd like to see you try to eat the largest portion of the hemp plant, the stalk. That could be hilarious enough to trend.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    7. Re:easy answer: by Immerman · · Score: 1

      >Pot and Hemp are the same plant, they aren't "brothers."
      Only in the same way that mustard, cabbage, and broccoli are all "the same plant". Technically they are - they aren't different species yet, but they're not "the same plant" for any human usage scenario.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    8. Re:easy answer: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      *shrug* I'll try boiling or steaming it sometime.

    9. Re: easy answer: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Not everywhere. Michigan now has the stupid situation where growing hemp is illegal (presumably due to similarity to marijuana), but growing marijuana is not. That changed with a constitutional amendment in November.

      I had looked into a DIY hemp rope project a couple years back, and the findings were just another example of the problem that results when laws never die. You just get deep layers of crap built up that nobody, especially the lawmakers, actually understands.

  6. Tariffs are the biggest... by EzInKy · · Score: 1

    ...worries soybean and corn farmers face right now. Thousands of years have taught them how to rotate crops.

    --
    Time is what keeps everything from happening all at once.
    1. Re:Tariffs are the biggest... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ...worries soybean and corn farmers face right now.[...]

      Those fuckers get what they deserve. Soybeans are exported to third-world countries, while toxic tropical oil additives are used as a substitute in domestic foodstuffs. Corn is either exported to third-world countries, or ends up in my gas tank as ethanol, accelerating wear & tear on the engine, not to mention the reduction in fuel efficiency.

  7. Outdated News by deKernel · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Farming has moved so far beyond this article that I am not sure why it was even published. No-till farming has been in use heavily for over 30 years. For those that don't know what this means, farmers don't continuously plow their fields before planing and after harvest. This keeps the topsoil in-tact and far more healthy as well as promotes the worm population which is very important and a key sign of the health of the soil. These are just a few of the major items because there is not enough space to fully elaborate. In the last 10 years, the use of cover crops alone has become the normal here in MI which reduces herbicide use and promotes organic material in the soil. Bottom line: the farmers of today are far better maintainers of land than then used to be and there is no worries that the world will end or another dust bowl is in our future.

    1. Re:Outdated News by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This article was designed for the ignorant among us who have ZERO idea how farming works today while being eager to bash that that they do not understand.

      I modded you up, wish I could post with my own /. ID......

    2. Re:Outdated News by fredrated · · Score: 1

      I don't know where you live, but in the California Central Valley it looks to me like they plow every year. Dust everywhere, well plowed fields as far as the eye can see.

    3. Re:Outdated News by deKernel · · Score: 1

      There is a big world outside CA. No offense, but your state has some of the worse farming practices known to man.

    4. Re:Outdated News by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No shit. What is going on in the central valley should be illegal (it probably is actually illegal if someone would enforce the laws). No wonder the whole region votes red and supports Trump. They don't believe in climate change and are waiting for Jesus to come back in the Armageddon that is awaiting us.

    5. Re:Outdated News by fustakrakich · · Score: 1

      They have to get their pistachios from somewhere, you know...

      --
      “He’s not deformed, he’s just drunk!”
    6. Re:Outdated News by SlaveToTheGrind · · Score: 3, Informative

      Came here to say this. By 2012, U.S. farmers were using no-till on over half of all acres planted to corn, soybean, and wheat.

      Farming has moved so far beyond this article that I am not sure why it was even published.

      Consider the source: a freshly-minted staff writer and an economics writer for the Christian Science Monitor. If they didn't know about it before, it must be news.

    7. Re:Outdated News by Aighearach · · Score: 3, Informative

      They don't care about the soil, because they're running off an aquifer that they're depleting rapidly.

      It will be the Central Desert when the stored water runs out. The land has sunk an average 28ft in the past hundred years. That's entirely from reductions in the water table. They only get 20 inches of rain per year at the north end, and 5 inches at the south end. That's not even close to enough for any of their high-value crops; and some years they don't get any rain at all!

      In the midwest they're also using up their stored water. The difference is, they get enough annual rainfall that the farmers who still have soil will be able to grow other crops, even if they won't still be able to grow so much corn.

    8. Re:Outdated News by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      A small point, but ~15 years ago while I was in college there was still heavy discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of no-till. My understanding at the time is GMOs major selling point was precisely that they could be used more effective in no-till situations--herbicide resistant GMOs being plantable in circumstances were you'd want to otherwise till the soil. So, yea, that's basically where the giant move towards no-till corn and soybean is from at least in those crops. I can't speak for wheat though.

      And as another poster points out "continuous no-till and low-till farming, which decades of studies have shown improve the soil and reduce costs, is still used on only 1 in every 5 acres of US cropland" which I presume has a lot to do with the large variety of crops grown and the perceived difficulty of a no-till strategy without the herbicide resistant GMOs that are part of the large commercial farming strategy.

    9. Re:Outdated News by dbreeze · · Score: 2

      You can't do no-till farming without large amounts of chemicals. Weeds and bugs will take over everything. I've mixed up many tanks of pesticide/herbicide on a no-till operation in NC. It's depressing to see what goes on in agriculture/livestock production these days in America firsthand. I recommend everyone grow your own food or keep your heads in the sand about what you're consuming from the store, you don't want to know the truth...

      --
      When the king heard the words of the Book of the Law he tore his robes.2Kings22:11
    10. Re:Outdated News by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      the use of cover crops alone has become the normal here in MI

      I don't know where you live

      I'm going to go way out there and guess that maybe, just maybe he lives here in Michigan, like I do.

      It's a guess though...

    11. Re:Outdated News by Luckyo · · Score: 1

      I remember working the fields as a kid in 1990s here in Finland as a decently paying summer job, and even back then, it was fairly common knowledge that farmers weren't tilling their fields yearly. Back then, I think it was once every full crop rotation between some specific crops or something similar. And that was decades ago.

    12. Re:Outdated News by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      farmers who still have money will be able to grow other crops, even if they won't still be able to grow so much corn.

      FTFY.

      'Merica only does what will make it money in the next ~5 nanoseconds. If it takes time to see ROI, it's a no-go from the start and the investors will make sure it never happens. That's why the US is constantly in crisis, they never do anything to prevent disaster and only react when disaster happens. Horrible way to run pretty much anything.

      In this case, the second the farmers cannot produce their established crop, regardless if they can go to other crops or not, their support will be ripped out from under them. Due to the above, this will sink the vast majority of them as they tend to run on credit until harvest time when they can pay back their debt using the money from sales. Those that remain will move on to other crops, but will be on their own until they can prove that they can generate the crops to pay off the debt they will incur. Which means only those with the money to do so will be able to continue farming. The rest will wind up either working someone else's fields, move out of farming entirely, or worse fall into poverty.

      'Merica the best country money can buy, because nothing else matters.

    13. Re:Outdated News by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      My sister worked at Cargill for a few years. She would handle some of the train cars bringing in corn to the processing plant. Let's just say that what came out of those cars wasn't just corn. (you truly do not want to know)

      My family doesn't really eat corn anymore... and we try not to think what must happen with everything else...

    14. Re:Outdated News by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      If you understand science at all and you get your singularity you better fucking hope this simulation is as lightweight as the biblical armaggedon.

    15. Re:Outdated News by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Libtards are just the best. There's ALWAYS a boogeyman to point fingers at when you're failing. Even Castro and that scumbag in Venezuela are trying to blame Trump for their decades of combined incompetence.

    16. Re:Outdated News by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Field corn is just used for animal feed and ethanol production anyway. The varieties people eat are grown in much smaller quantities.

    17. Re:Outdated News by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's an impressive amount of stupid, all packed into an over-long rant.

    18. Re:Outdated News by drinkypoo · · Score: 2

      We use mechanical tilth and harvesting because they reduce labor, and we plant monocultures because they are compatible with mechanical harvesting. Interplanting crops in beneficial "guilds" maintains soil health and increases yields, but it is incompatible with current large-scale cultivation methods. It also reduces pest problems, especially as part of an IPM strategy. GMO is a red herring.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    19. Re:Outdated News by Aighearach · · Score: 1

      Too stupid to reply to most of it, but:

      'Merica only does what will make it money in the next ~5 nanoseconds.

      Ever heard of the US Treasury Bonds?

      Did you know we even have a financial sector?

  8. Re:Well, if it's not sustainable, it can't be sust by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Because business doesn't understand "sustainable".

    The MBA-way of doing things is to run things into the ground while milking it for all it's worth, leaving nothing but a hole in the ground for any creditors who aren't smart enough to get out in time.

    Then you move on, get VC-funding and start up a new business with something which works for the next quarter, rinse and repeat.

    Too bad the earth doesn't really work with that model. Not that such facts bothers the MBA's though.

  9. American way is GMO + 1 million barrels pesticide by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    As much and strong pesticide as possible to increase the yield, isn't that the American way to go?

  10. Experimenting with Cover Crops? by owlaf · · Score: 1

    It has been well known by much older famers that is apart of sustainable farming. I recently talked to a 80ish year old farmer that complained of the lack of more crop rotation and cover crop usage

    1. Re:Experimenting with Cover Crops? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      A certain President experimented with crop rotation. George Washington. So nothing new under the Sun. Just wisdom ignored.

  11. Sirius Minerals claim to have the answer by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Sirius Minerals will be the "saviour"

    https://siriusminerals.com/latest-news/blog/why-the-world-needs-sirius-to-succeed/

    1. Re:Sirius Minerals claim to have the answer by Hognoxious · · Score: 1

      Does it have electrolytes?

      --
      Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
  12. Ummm, crop rotation!? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So like, what people knew in Mediaeval times and before - that you need to rotate the crops - has somehow been lost from modern farming practice!? America is fucked. Seriously fucked.

  13. Really really old news. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Wasn't all this discovered in the Middle Ages with three and four field rotation schemes? And more recently with George Washington Carver and his peanut plants in the old cotton plantations?

  14. You didn't RTFA by DogDude · · Score: 3, Informative

    "No-till farming has been in use heavily for over 30 years."

    From the article: continuous no-till and low-till farming, which decades of studies have shown improve the soil and reduce costs, is still used on only 1 in every 5 acres of US cropland, according to the US Department of Agriculture (USDA).

    --
    I don't respond to AC's.
    1. Re:You didn't RTFA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This just isn't true, at least not in the midwest.

    2. Re:You didn't RTFA by skoskav · · Score: 1

      That's some weird phrasing there. Is the US statistic not true because the midwest subset of that statistic has a different ratio? Regardless, what is your source?

    3. Re:You didn't RTFA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I guess the midwest is part of that "1" of the 5.

      Statistics, do you understand?

    4. Re:You didn't RTFA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well it's says "1 in every 5 acres" not 20%.

      1 in every 5 fingers are thumbs. You don't see anyone with 10 thumbs.

    5. Re:You didn't RTFA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Follow the article's source. What the article uses the source for, as usual, isn't what the source has said (and the source has no source or data to justify what it said either):

      Still, continuous no-till has been adopted across only 21 percent of all cultivated cropland acres in the United States.

      So if a field has been tilled once in the last 30 years, it does not count as the article's "continuous no-till and low-till farming." The article is misleading readers into equivocating no-till, low-till, and inappropriate soil management. A farmer that tills his field every year is not at all the same as a farmer that did so once when Reagan was president to get a wild grass field ready for crops.

    6. Re:You didn't RTFA by skoskav · · Score: 3

      I'm not sure I completely follow. The article's source gets its "21 percent" figure from this report, which if I parsed it correctly counts the practice on a per-year basis. It also defines it:

      Continuous No-till: All crops in rotation are produced with practices having STIR values <20.

      Though low-till farming isn't as clearly defined, and the article seems to incorrectly bundle them together.

    7. Re:You didn't RTFA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Low-till has all the same benefits of No-till.

    8. Re:You didn't RTFA by DogDude · · Score: 1

      Hmmm... Should I consider a documented USDA study, or a random AC? Darn, the Internet is hard.

      --
      I don't respond to AC's.
    9. Re:You didn't RTFA by skoskav · · Score: 2

      Then can you define low-till farming in a way that is consistent with any available data?

    10. Re:You didn't RTFA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      https://farmpolicynews.illinois.edu/2018/09/ers-report-tillage-intensity-and-conservation-cropping-in-the-u-s/

    11. Re:You didn't RTFA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska and Minnesota account for over 50 percent of the corn grown in the U.S. and they've all been using no-till for decades.

    12. Re:You didn't RTFA by skoskav · · Score: 1

      Thanks for the source. It and the source referenced by the article seem to indicate that the article incorrectly mentioned no-till and low-till together when speaking of the no-till statistic, as no-till alone account for 21% of planted acres. No-till and low-till together account for 51% of planted acres.

      The numbers aren't as clear-cut for the Midwest, but assuming corn, soybeans and wheat each represent an equal amounts of planted acres in the "Heartland" figure, I'd estimate no-till to be around 35%, and no-till + low-till at 75%.

    13. Re:You didn't RTFA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, that was the point. The article misuses the source. "Bundling" three categories together and cites them as just one number, making the practice look far lower than it is in reality. The source that source uses, the report you are now discussing, summarizes at 21% but in the table is 22%, and does not have sources for it's data either. The STIR is being used to derive tilling practices, but does not measure tilling practices itself. 80 or greater is merely an assumption of no-till. Like using demographic statistics to claim economic facts, this methodology holds no water. Even if it did, notice your source says 86% of acres have conservation efforts applied, while the article we are discussing strongly asserts a lowly 21% and a crisis.

      Slop built on slop, each one using methods which would earn a 2.0 grade in a state school agriscience program, originating from no first-source at all and pushing a false narrative of a "Soil Crisis."

      This isn't science. This is journalistic styled writing for ad impressions built on politics.

    14. Re:You didn't RTFA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The US only grow corn.

    15. Re:You didn't RTFA by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      I can define it, it's a bullshit term designed to mislead.

      There are two kinds of farming when examined from this perspective, no/zero-till (which ironically can include tilling the soil once, to start) or with tilling. Anything else falls into the second category. The point of not tilling is that any tilling compacts the soil/ destroys soil crumb structure and leads to anaerobic conditions which are harmful in multiple ways (to say nothing of the way compacted soil retards root penetration.)

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
  15. Pure propaganda by crmarvin42 · · Score: 2

    Everything described as new or different has been standard proceedure for decades. Not sure what they are selling (beyond FUD), but farmers routinely consider which crops to plant based on expected returns. They care for the soil (what do you think fertilizers are? Replacement nutrients for those extracted by last years crops). Cover crops are a very common way to care for soil if north west Indiana is any indication. Youâ(TM)ve been able to buy seeds with beneficial bacteria already applied for at least 5-10 years.

    Literally nothing to see here. Move along.

    --
    Bureaucracy expands to meet the needs of the expanding bureaucracy.-Oscar Wilde
  16. Isn't that just called an explosion? Or pathogen? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Ok, humanity *is* already the largest extinction event in Earths history, I’m being told by "the news" and their numbers.

    But those growth patterns, and killing its own basis of living, looks exactly like certain stupid bacteria in a Petri dish, literal explosions, or badly unsuccessful pathogens that kill their host and themselves in the process before even getting a chance to hop to the next one. :)

  17. Hemp FTW.... by dbreeze · · Score: 1

    Most people simply don't comprehend what a travesty the WW ban on cannabis has been for mankind. One of the most nutritious plants available for humans and more derivative products than most any other crop. The problem is it would liberate and empower so many "common" people that the evil elites had to prevent our access to it's benefits so they could sell us their patented products to make themselves stupid rich.
    "The love of $ is the root of all evil."

    --
    When the king heard the words of the Book of the Law he tore his robes.2Kings22:11
    1. Re:Hemp FTW.... by iggymanz · · Score: 3, Informative

      You can buy hemp seeds legally, a 20 lbs or 100 lbs bag if you want. There is no ban on you buying or eating hemp seeds.

      pothead spotted

    2. Re:Hemp FTW.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What if you want to grow it?

      prohibitionist spotted

    3. Re:Hemp FTW.... by iggymanz · · Score: 1

      I'm really doubting the pothead has the drive, motivation and self-discipline to grow and then harvest seed from industrial hemp plant.

      Especially when the industrial hemp makes pollen that will ruin his high-THC potted MJ plants.

      Hey, that's a good idea. What would be hilarious is some people diffusing industrial hemp pollen into the air around the weed growers. Because they don't want to share the road or a workplace with a bunch of potheads.... lolz

  18. Re:Well, if it's not sustainable, it can't be sust by Hognoxious · · Score: 1

    If they do it properly then after a few cycles they can get the assets of the first thing they fucked up at a knock-down price.

    Now that's sustainable!

    --
    Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
  19. Fuck off with the hyperbole by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Facing Soil Crisis

    Seriously, fuck off.

    Maybe try a little dignity next time.

  20. Roll your own by WolfgangVL · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I've been growing my own produce in 5 gallon buckets in my front and back yards for 2 years running. This summer I'm finally going to do a real bed and irrigation system. Harvest doubled the second time around, after learning a few things the first year. I live deep inner-city, right smack in the middle of a valley in western WA. I Don't use ferts or chems at all, and a package of enough raddish seeds to last years is like a buck. I get that it's GMO seeds, but I'm OK with that. Carrots, potatoes, tomatoes, I'm even doing some garlic but it's got to overwinter? I wish I had some fruit trees.

    I started when the family was going extreme budget on everything to solve a few problems, that's past now, but I'll be doing this every year of my life from now on.
    I feel like I'm learning a very valuable skill, passing it onto my child, and I can refuse to buy into the "Organic" marketing at the grocery store. I'll make my own, thanks.

    It's DAMN easy in the summers here too, even the mild summers of western WA. I just water it, and watch for bugs. Feels great carving my own pumpkins.

    I've been told I'm not allowed to grow my own food in my front yard (yeah? sue me fukko) My rain buckets are "stealing" from the local farmers (wanna fight about it?) and my buckets are poisoning my food (says food grade on the can) all by the same helpless snobs I see all over town telling everybody else how to do things. Today, everybody wants to point fingers at people that are actually doing something, and tell them they are doing it wrong, but nobody wants to take a little responsibility themselves and show us what right looks like. You want to be able to tell the farmers their doing it wrong? You need to be able to feed your family without them, otherwise, your just another taker complaining that it's not good enough.

    This is the age of big oil protesters in plastic Kyaks, coal powered electric cars, logging protesters passing out paper fliers by the 100s, and recycling zealots sucking down water bottled in non-reusable plastic. 9/10 times, the whole noble message is overpowered by us humans being assholes. Change starts with you, Mr. Journalist man, show us what right looks like.

    The most satisfying thing of the year? Eating a salad.

    --
    You are being ripped off every second of every day, so that advertisers can help rip you off even more tomorrow.
  21. Big Agro isn't on the farmer's side by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Big Business agriculture cares only about what will give them profit. They're not going to support any practice that isn't profitable for them, no matter how much it benefits the farmer.

  22. Is the USA really so far behind? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The USA is ahead in a lot of things, but in some things (like banking) it is years behind the rest of the world.

    Is the lack of uptake of zero-till and other soil conservation practices really as bad as the article indicates? Is it because of climate and soil characteristics (high rainfall, deep rich soils) or is it because of lack of scale or the profusion of subsidies?

    Farmers are socially and politically conservative, but they are certainly not when it comes to adopting new techniques and technologies, or at least that's how it is here in Australia. We don't subsidise our farmers and because of that our farmers are the most technologically advanced and efficient in the world - they have to be in order to be able to compete against subsidised product from the USA, EU and Japan on the global market. You can't make a living cropping here unless you're working thousands of acres.

    On the farms I've been shooting on since a teenager, we can't drive the shooting wagons across the paddocks anymore because everyone has adopted controlled-traffic as a part of zero-till - farm tractors use precision GPS guidance systems so that their wheels always run in the same tracks to avoid compacting the soil. Combined with precision spraying and fertiliser application and improved genetics our farms are producing more food than ever before with fewer people.

  23. Re: Why? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Mark Zuckerberg, Sundar Pichai, Nancy Pelosi, and Hillary Clinton will soon be sharing a cell in the gulag. Yay gulag!!1!

  24. Obviously, no one looked at domestic vs export by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    https://www.iowafarmbureau.com/Article/US-Soybean-Exports-Lag-Behind-Last-Marketing-Year

    - 60% plus of US soybean production is exported.
    - Reduce the amount of exports
    - Lower total production
    - Rebuild the land taken out of soybean production

    There's no obligation to produce soybeans for export.

      And yes, the medieval practice of 3 fields, 2 for crops and 1 fallow for animal grazing; with a yearly crop/field rotation has been around for a few hundred years to rebuild the soil.

    No need to deplete California's aquifer around Modesto to export almonds to Asia.

    1. Re:Obviously, no one looked at domestic vs export by Chas · · Score: 1

      Now how do you explain to a farmer with massive loans that he needs to idle his croplands for a season or two to help the soil recover?

      I agree that crop rotation and fallowing is an answer to this. How do you get the farming industry to adopt the practice for their own good though?

      Especially factory farms?

      --


      Chas - The one, the only.
      THANK GOD!!!
    2. Re:Obviously, no one looked at domestic vs export by mrclevesque · · Score: 1

      "Especially factory farms?"

      Fertilizer run off inspectors and fines?

    3. Re:Obviously, no one looked at domestic vs export by Aighearach · · Score: 1

      If you have to explain that, don't even loan that "farmer" money for planting.

    4. Re:Obviously, no one looked at domestic vs export by Chas · · Score: 1

      Sure. Just give over all the farming in the country to big agri-corps.
      Right?

      --


      Chas - The one, the only.
      THANK GOD!!!