Slashdot Mirror


China Says it Cloned a Police Dog To Speed Up Training (xinhuanet.com)

A cloned dog, believed to be the first of the kind in China, has started training in Yunnan Province in a program to reduce the cost and time needed for training police dogs. From a report: Kunxun, a female of the Kunming wolfdog breed, was born on Dec. 19 last year in Beijing and arrived on March 5 for training at the Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security. She was cloned from a 7-year-old female dog, known as Huahuangma, that has been in service in the city of Pu'er, Yunnan, by Sinogene, a Beijing-based biotechnology firm. The cloning is part of the ministry's research program.

Huahuangma played important roles in helping detectives with dozens of murder investigations, and was accredited the first-level merit in 2016, said Wan Jiusheng, an officer who is responsible for training Kunxun. Huahuangma's outstanding abilities as a police dog made her an eligible donor of genes, Wan said. "It takes four to five years to train a meritorious dog such as Huahuangma, and costs hundreds of thousands of yuan," he said. Police dogs serving in real tasks are not usually used for breeding. The cloning program helps researchers copy their excellent genes and reduces the time and costs needed for training, researchers familiar with the program said.

116 comments

  1. Lamarc? by madsh · · Score: 1

    So the training gets embedded in the DNA and transferred to the new generation?

    1. Re:Lamarc? by jellomizer · · Score: 2

      That is how it works in Science Fiction.
      Also in Science fiction they like to produce fully grown clones too. Not kids growing up in their sterile scientific environment.

      --
      If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
    2. Re:Lamarc? by the_skywise · · Score: 1

      No no no... didn't you see 6th day? They just copy the skills from the old dog using the flashy neural capture thingy

    3. Re: Lamarc? by madsh · · Score: 0

      At least not with out current consensus on genetics... But we might soon find out how information is transferred not only in the bare base pairs, but also in methylation and the state of other cellular inventory.

    4. Re:Lamarc? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That is how it works in Science Fiction.
      Also in Science fiction they like to produce fully grown clones too. Not kids growing up in their sterile scientific environment.

      Hasn't anyone seen Resident Evil? This doesn't turn out well.

    5. Re: Lamarc? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Genetic memory. Ez search but for closed minds.

    6. Re:Lamarc? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I have to know just how is the above flamebait ?

      Looks like they have been handing out mod points to the idiot brigade again.

    7. Re: Lamarc? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This was approved by the current Pope. Actually he wrote the line of code that starts the cloning process

    8. Re: Lamarc? by bob4u2c · · Score: 1

      Hardware vs Software. You can clone the hardware, but that doesn't mean it is running the same software.

      Now find a way to scan a brain and then implant that on another brain and you might save 5 years of training. But unless the dogs had the exact same experience, all your saving is the burden of dogs who don't have the temperament for the job. You also miss out on the random chance that a change in genes might produce something better. I mean who would have thought a 100 years ago that you could send the text of an entire book all the way around the world in mere seconds.

      This should be easy to test, or at least noticed in cloned mice. Ie train a mouse to run a maze (or perform some task they normally wouldn't), then clone it and see if the clone performs any better or worse than its predecessor. I smell a government grant opportunity for someone.

    9. Re:Lamarc? by The+Grim+Reefer · · Score: 1

      So the training gets embedded in the DNA and transferred to the new generation?

      Did you not read TFS?

      She was cloned from a 7-year-old female dog, known as Huahuangma,

      So in 2 years when the clone is full grown, the original dog will be 9 and probably getting too old. So they can just scoop out it's brain and put it into the clone. Instantly having 9 years of training and life experience in a 2 year old. It's a clone, so tissue rejection shouldn't be an issue either. Bonus points if they replace the skull with a clear gorilla glass cover and the larynx with a buzzy electronic sounding speaker.

    10. Re: Lamarc? by Type44Q · · Score: 1

      What kind of gibbering halfwit modded this down??

    11. Re:Lamarc? by zlives · · Score: 1

      altered carbon for a modern refresh.

    12. Re: Lamarc? by zlives · · Score: 1

      they would probably benefit more from changing dna to prolong the life of the comrade dog soldier

    13. Re:Lamarc? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah, I don't think China understands DNA, genetics, or pretty much anything else. That happens when you don't create or innovate, but only take, steal, "borrow" and then build from there.

      Anything they have that might be more advanced than another country is because they stole it and improved upon it, but that doesn't mean they understand what they are doing.

      Unless that cloned dog creates a full blown puppy without going through the normal biological process of, well growing from a fertilized egg, they are not speeding anything up. Just taking a quality stock of dog and creating a copy. The amount of training needed will be the same for every dog, even the "parent" the clone was created from. They have sped nothing up other than finding a dog they like and making copies. They don't understand brain development either, each copy will get different experiences growing up and in the training process. Other than being genetically identical, the brain structure could end up being very different.

    14. Re:Lamarc? by SurenEnfiajyan · · Score: 2

      Mostly if not absolutely, no, but some epigenetic changes can be passed to the next generation, such as stress. But complex skills can't be inherited. They copied the DNA because that particular combination of genes was successful and it's very difficult and costly to reproduce a similarly gifted dog with just selective breeding.

    15. Re: Lamarc? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      China keeps making these technology claims that sound awesome to the layperson but sound incredibly stupid to somebody with even superficial knowledge of the topic.

      https://m.slashdot.org/story/47531

    16. Re: Lamarc? by SurenEnfiajyan · · Score: 1

      Some acquired changes can be actually passed via gene methylation, chemical switches that can enable or disable genes without changing the sequence of the DNA. This changes sometimes are acquired and sometimes can even be passed to the next generations without being being reset. But this isn't about complex skills and memories.

    17. Re:Lamarc? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      They've reduced the scale of the breeding program they need to manage. The clones can be drawn from the latest master branch, which need not be itself physically large enough to supply the entire force of police dogs.

    18. Re: Lamarc? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The kind of gibbering halfwit that understood that the people cloning this dog weren,t expecting the clone to have all the trained-in skills. You know, because this is the real world an not a badly written movie.

  2. I would like to see the numbers on this claim by jellomizer · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Nature vs Nurture argument is back here. If we clone a good police dog, but assume it will be cheaper to train, then they don't train it as well as it genetic predecessor, thus isn't as effective, and the high cost of cloning a dog.
    We have identical twins, who have different personalities, and over time actually have some physical differences in appearance, (A little fatter or skinnier), Gone gray earlier, one needs glasses while the other doesn't, even their face structure can be different over time, just because they express emotions differently.
    I don't see much advantage over cloning a good dog vs breeding a good dog with an other good one.

    --
    If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
    1. Re: I would like to see the numbers on this claim by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      South Korea already did this and have cloned dogs in service for a few years now. China is just trying to do the same.... but not yet successful like South Korea.

    2. Re:I would like to see the numbers on this claim by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0


      If we clone a good police dog, but assume it will be cheaper to train, then they don't train it as well as it genetic predecessor, thus isn't as effective, and the high cost of cloning a dog.

      I don't know that cloning has to be expensive. What if you could automate much of the process? If cloning became cheap do to economies of scale, it'll become extremely common. If not, I suspect you're right.

    3. Re:I would like to see the numbers on this claim by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      AKA : You're a moron who knows nothing about cloning and about as much about business.

    4. Re:I would like to see the numbers on this claim by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Nature vs Nurture argument is back here. If we clone a good police dog, but assume it will be cheaper to train, then they don't train it as well as it genetic predecessor, thus isn't as effective, and the high cost of cloning a dog.

      Not, Nature vs Nurture. The premise here is Nature and Nurture.
      By removing as much variance in the Nature part you don't have to handle as many special cases in the Nurture part.
      I guess they hope to streamline the training into something where very little experience is needed and you just need to go through the documented process.

    5. Re:I would like to see the numbers on this claim by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      When they train police dogs it often is one in four that successfully make it through the training. Meanwhile, they've paid for 4 handlers to train 4 dogs and only one makes it. Assuming good training practices, this would assure that the dogs involved would make it and not waste everyone's time and money.

    6. Re:I would like to see the numbers on this claim by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I don't see much advantage over cloning a good dog vs breeding a good dog with an other good one.

      One advantage is that the cloned dog doesn't need to take time off work for her pregnancy. But then again, do service dogs even get time off for that? I think what the article was saying is that when you're breeding dogs, you are rolling the dice about whether the traits you hope for get passed down. That means you might invest big money in training a dog that turns out to not have much talent. With cloning you don't run that risk.

    7. Re:I would like to see the numbers on this claim by guruevi · · Score: 1

      It costs money to breed and most likely they'll be out of commission. Additionally, you don't get to pick the genes in a 'normal' birth, you can get random variations whereas this is more controlled.

      It's an experiment after all, the question remains whether this was just good training of the dog or the dog's or the breed's natural ability.

      On the other hand, we've been doing a form of gene-editing on wolves for hundreds of centuries, hence why we have so many dog breeds.

      --
      Custom electronics and digital signage for your business: www.evcircuits.com
    8. Re: I would like to see the numbers on this claim by aliquis · · Score: 1

      What if I told you fatter or skinnier is at least in a non-irrelevant part a function about how much food you consume relative how much energy you use rather than genetics?

      Also genes change and we have some memory of previous generations trauma.

    9. Re: I would like to see the numbers on this claim by jellomizer · · Score: 1

      There is also factors on how people eat. There is a genetic factor to ones weight, we can see that by realizing how different people weight is distributed, not everyone gets fat the same way, and you will often see a trend that people who get fat one way, is often similar to the way their parents would put on weight.
      For the Calories your Eat vs Burn argument, there is more factors, How many calories that go thru your system, unprocessed, and how much do you burn normally. Some people when they eat too much food will get an energy spike, others get groggy.

      Now for the twins, yes one may eat more then then the other, or they may have other factors such as stress that effects on how they digest and absorb calories. Does it become energy, or is it stored as fat.

      --
      If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
    10. Re:I would like to see the numbers on this claim by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That was the dumbest thing I'll read all day today.

    11. Re:I would like to see the numbers on this claim by Win0ver · · Score: 1

      I agree but need to point out that 'identical twins' do not have identical genes.
      So there are differences between twins and clones.

    12. Re: I would like to see the numbers on this claim by Type44Q · · Score: 1

      No question about it, which is why I suspect a different motive altogether: they don't plan to train them; they plan to age and marinate them.

    13. Re: I would like to see the numbers on this claim by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What if I told you fatter or skinnier is at least in a non-irrelevant part a function about how much food you consume relative how much energy you use rather than genetics?

      True, but some people are more or less genetically destined to be large.

      My wife and I are both bigger people.

      I have a picture of her from when she was a little girl in dance class ... she's a foot taller and considerably rounder than her peers. She was maybe 5.

      If you look at pictures of her through her childhood, she was pretty much always going to be larger than the kids around her, and much of that was just simply dimensions of her skeleton -- she's just built large to begin with.

      If you are an endomorph, you have an uphill battle, because you are geared to being fatter and bulkier from the get go, and no matter what you do, you will simply never be skinny.

    14. Re:I would like to see the numbers on this claim by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Nature vs Nurture argument is back here. If we clone a good police dog, but assume it will be cheaper to train, then they don't train it as well as it genetic predecessor, thus isn't as effective, and the high cost of cloning a dog.

      I don't see much advantage over cloning a good dog vs breeding a good dog with an other good one.

      "Known" quantity versus unknown. If you breed a new dog, you don't know for certain that it will be a smart dog willing to please.

    15. Re:I would like to see the numbers on this claim by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The idiots said they spent a lot of time training that particular dog, not that it had some kind of spectacular genes that made it easier to train. At best they should expect it to cost the same to train the dog's clone not less time. Unless the training methods get better from what they learned then presumably that would apply to any other dog.

    16. Re: I would like to see the numbers on this claim by Hognoxious · · Score: 1

      The question is, do they taste the same?

      --
      Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
    17. Re: I would like to see the numbers on this claim by Hognoxious · · Score: 1

      Is there, do you think, a Genetic component.,. that causes one, to write like, A Fucking retard?

      --
      Confucius say, "Find worm in apple - bad. Find half a worm - worse."
    18. Re:I would like to see the numbers on this claim by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I agree but need to point out that 'identical twins' do not have identical genes. So there are differences between twins and clones.

      Clones are not identical genes for exactly the same reason. Even cells in one body don't have identical genes.

    19. Re: I would like to see the numbers on this claim by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Then dont read your own post

    20. Re:I would like to see the numbers on this claim by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There may be an advantage, or there may not. Without making the experiment, how could we know?

    21. Re:I would like to see the numbers on this claim by AHuxley · · Score: 1

      The police get the smart dog that will "alert" when needed. The hidden command of their handler gets results..
      To happen with no obvious detection by courts, lawyers.
      Thats the special dog nations want.
      The "alert" can then be used as the granted pretext for much more conversations and searching.
      Probable cause that always works.

      --
      Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"
  3. Am I missing something? by the_skywise · · Score: 4, Informative

    Cloning would only affect the physical attributes and mental 'capacities' of the dog. It would NOT pass on the acquired skills or training so the dog isn't going to know how to sniff out a perp without that same 5 years of training including for physical abilities. I don't see how this "speeds up the process" although it's more likely that you're going to guarantee a successful candidate from the cloning.

    1. Re:Am I missing something? by jellomizer · · Score: 0

      A dog with a genetic good temperament, with the wrong trainer, could indeed change the temperament of such dog.

      --
      If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
    2. Re:Am I missing something? by b0s0z0ku · · Score: 1

      No, it wouldn't, but cop-curs with exceptional abilities can be cloned rather than relying on random chance to produce a whelp with the same abilities.

    3. Re:Am I missing something? by jfdavis668 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      The point is to breed dogs with desired traits without waiting for the parent to retire from active police work to be a breeding dog.

    4. Re:Am I missing something? by Livius · · Score: 1

      There's a selection effect - the dogs that complete training and are demonstrated to be effective at their jobs are theoretically a preferable gene pool compated to a random population or even the population initially selected for training. Even better would be to focus on those dogs that excelled at the training or completed it faster than their peers.

      With cloning, the dogs are not taken out of the workforce for breeding activities. Whether cloning technology is effective enough for it to be a better option is not clear.

    5. Re:Am I missing something? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      pretty sure a male police dog could handle the breeding while on active duty. unless, as is likely, the police dogs have their balls chopped off so they are not as easily distracted.

    6. Re:Am I missing something? by cayenne8 · · Score: 2

      Cloning would only affect the physical attributes and mental 'capacities' of the dog. It would NOT pass on the acquired skills or training so the dog isn't going to know how to sniff out a perp without that same 5 years of training including for physical abilities.

      Well, I dunno, what if the dog in question was named Duncan Idaho?

      --
      Light travels faster than sound. This is why some people appear bright until you hear them speak.........
    7. Re:Am I missing something? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      AND when you clone an animal the age markers on the DNA (telomeres) are not reset, so the dog will not live as long as its source animal.

      Kind of a dumb way of doing things.

    8. Re:Am I missing something? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Those silly Chinese, why didn't they realize this?

    9. Re:Am I missing something? by radja · · Score: 2

      also, cloning is less random than sexual reproduction.

      --

      No one can understand the truth until he drinks of coffee's frothy goodness.
      --Sheikh Abd-Al-Kadir, 1587
    10. Re:Am I missing something? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, no. The clones will have the complete cultural memory of the original including a full understanding of Chinese history (except for the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre).

    11. Re:Am I missing something? by the_skywise · · Score: 1

      whaddya gonna do? Give the dogs Bene Gesserit training? (Or maybe the Chinese are trying to make the Kwisatz Haderach dog -)

    12. Re:Am I missing something? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Cloning doesn't clone ability, that's your misconception as a dumbass who doesn't read.

    13. Re:Am I missing something? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      next up.. cloning obedient factory slaves.... which is just practice for cloning human soldiers.

      this ain't a slippery slope.. the slipperiest of them all..... nahhh...

    14. Re:Am I missing something? by wed128 · · Score: 1

      but it may clone aptitude...

    15. Re:Am I missing something? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It clones a genotype, not a phenotype. The errors introduced by cloning so far have resulted in more functional problems than not. It certainly doesn't beat proper breeding techniques.

    16. Re:Am I missing something? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      More likely trying to make an Abomination.
      "Long were we warned against such a one and how to prevent such a birth, ..."

    17. Re:Am I missing something? by jfdavis668 · · Score: 2

      I think the main issue would be getting the females in heat to the police station at the right time. The females would be on a breeding farm. Easier to just clone them instead.

    18. Re: Am I missing something? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Successfully completing training would be the primary goal of having a training program... duh. Is the cost of the increased success rate worth it is another matter.

    19. Re:Am I missing something? by cdsparrow · · Score: 1

      Just think, a police dog that could know where all the drugs everywhere are hidden...

    20. Re:Am I missing something? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Kumquat haagen-dogs?

    21. Re:Am I missing something? by Krishnoid · · Score: 1

      It takes four to five years to train a meritorious dog such as Huahuangma, and costs hundreds of thousands of yuan,

      But if you start by cloning a meritorious dog to get good initial stock, you're seeding your meritocracy from the get-go. It only makes sense, right?

    22. Re:Am I missing something? by Krishnoid · · Score: 1

      Mmm, sounds good. I'll have that with relish, and can I get some of that extra-melange Dijon mustard on as well?

    23. Re:Am I missing something? by Immerman · · Score: 1

      It'd still need to be a ghola rather than a simple clone.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    24. Re:Am I missing something? by Immerman · · Score: 1

      That depends heavily on the cloning process used. It's also relatively straightforward to restore telomere length in an organism with the use of telomerase - a technique explored for rejuvenation therapies, before being dismissed as ineffective. Turns out that very few of the normal symptoms of aging are due to telomere shortening.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    25. Re:Am I missing something? by SurenEnfiajyan · · Score: 1

      It would NOT pass on the acquired skills

      It won't pass but some dogs are better and faster learners and that has genetic factors.

    26. Re:Am I missing something? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I couldn't find any information about 1989 Tiananmen Square or 1989 massacre or Tiananmen Square massacre.
      This must be some sort of face news.

    27. Re:Am I missing something? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The point is to breed dogs with desired traits without waiting for the parent to retire from active police work to be a breeding dog.

      Qwik, go clone Pelosi now before she expires !!

  4. Just a friendly treason reminder: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Anyone who engages in or supports a conspiracy to overthrow the president of the united states and overturn the results of our sacred election process is a TRAITOR and must HANG for TREASON! Have a nice day!

    1. Re:Just a friendly treason reminder: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      By 2020, the act of voting for another candidate will be just that, considered engaging in or supporting a conspiracy to overthrow POTUS.

  5. Could be a tiny bit faster by SuperKendall · · Score: 1

    I mostly agree the speed of training would not be impacted, a big advantage would be you'd have a police dog that should not wash out of the program.

    There is actually one way in which training could be sped up though, trainers that had worked with the original dog would theoretically better understand what specific things helped motivate the dog. In that way they could take some shortcuts in training not having to fine tune the rewards they give.

    I find it amusing though that Doom using repeated textures for soldiers and dogs was actually a prophetic vision of the future.

    --
    "There is more worth loving than we have strength to love." - Brian Jay Stanley
    1. Re: Could be a tiny bit faster by madsh · · Score: 0

      Might be faster.... But you will also miss all new random mutations....

  6. So, I'm told all the time now that aptitude doesn't exist for humans, that anyone can learn anything, that genetics doesn't determine (or maybe even influence) who will come out on top for a skill.

    But it exists for dogs?

    Maybe we could measure what we are going for here ... we could call it DQ (Dog Quotient).

    1. Re:huh by bluefoxlucid · · Score: 1

      Humans have all the same facilities, but may show up with different implementation. A little slower, a little faster.

      The brain adjusts itself to reduce energy consumption in common tasks. Given similar environments, the brain will tend to adjust itself in similar ways. Put a slow kid and a fast kid in the same early learning environment and the slow kid will struggle more...at first. The brain will adjust to reduce the energy required for learning, and the slow kid will converge in learning speed with the fast kid.

      In a relatively short time, the differences are such that the rate of learning allows for catching up (you can only be marginally ahead, and the educational processes aren't continuous and perfect). Then you wind up with two students of the same capabilities and capacities.

      People in even slightly-varied environments tend to differentiate, however, and so one becomes rapidly interested in arts and the other in technology. Some of this has to do with actual variations: a person with a naturally-lower response to social support will naturally seek less social interaction and, diverted by technical interests, will spend more time and effort on technical problems--although a highly-social person can operate in a team on technical problems and be highly-effective, as well. People aren't naturally born with any "genetic coding for computer programming" or whatnot, so whether they become the distant artist or the distant engineer is a matter of environment.

      So there isn't really much of the "natural aptitude" thing in the intellect space; there's just a lot of rapid differentiation, the pygmalion/golem effect, and so forth.

      Do note that a dog's dopamine response to social interaction determines how useful it might be, just like a human's responses to social interaction can affect the human's use in certain areas. Humans who seek social interaction and attention are good entertainers; introverts who abhor distraction do not make good clowns.

    2. Re:huh by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So, I'm told all the time now that aptitude doesn't exist for humans, that anyone can learn anything, that genetics doesn't determine (or maybe even influence) who will come out on top for a skill.

      Stop listening to creationists

    3. Re:huh by Immerman · · Score: 1

      What numb-nuts told you that? Decades of nature-versus-nurture studies have pretty firmly established that *both* aspects have very powerful influence on the individual.

      Assuming you haven't been listening to baseless New-Age bullshit, what you probably heard was that there's no *racial* correlation of aptitudes (with a very few exceptions, like resisting skin cancer) - which is simply a reflection of the fact that racial classifications are based on obvious superficial phenotypes rather than genotypes,

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    4. Re:huh by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Citation? Because all the research I've seen suggests that genetics do in fact have a powerful role to play - the tabla-rasa bullshit was put to bed decades ago.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    5. Re:huh by bluefoxlucid · · Score: 1

      Intersection of large bodies of research on human memory (enormous topic), learning (oddly not a very big topic compared to the specifics of memory), and development of expertise (K. Anders Ericsson, notably). Genetic variation has a huge impact; it's just not controlling.

      Motivation has the heaviest role. Any non-damaged human brain can operate in a manner similar to any other non-damaged human brain: you have the same organoids with the same function. Think about it like having a heart, liver, lungs, stomach, etc.: your brain has the nucleus accumbens (reward) and posterior superior temporal succulus (altruism), prefrontal cortex (executive function), and a bunch of other stuff that all does the same thing as any other brain. The real question is what do you want to do with it?

      Your genetic variation tends to move the starting point, but doesn't limit you any more than most other humans. When it does, it's considered a mental illness: ADHD, clinical depression, certain learning disabilities, all of these come down to a severe deviation. There's also a neurological variation where the brain is "more awake" (you only need 3 hours of sleep--you can't LEARN that), similar to taking Modafinil, and these people are energetic and highly-motivated all the time--and with the same facilities as every other human.

      So what can we do about the genetic background?

      That your brain reduces energy for common and energy-intensive behavior is key. That behavior becomes automatic and favored, and breaking from that requires more energy expenditure (effort). What we call "motivation" is simply the ability to do that, and is part habit, part genetic (propensity for depression, mania). This is core to learning and habit-based behaviors, as well as things like addiction.

      Further, people are extremely vulnerable to the pygmalion/golem effect: when we tell people they are less-intelligent or suffering from certain mental illnesses (notably depression, anxiety, and insomnia), they internalize this self-image and exhibit those qualities more-strongly than their background genetic factors. This forms the basis for cognitive behavioral therapy, which works well in tandem with pharmacological treatment of these conditions.

      A regimen of physical exercise elevates most people to those apparent "genius" levels, but only if they apply the proper motivation. By engaging the same low-performance habits, you train your brain to operate at the same apparent low level of intelligence regardless of any motivation or inherent capacity.

      Even then, how do we assess people? Look at poor rednecks: they're often genius automechanics, but we see them as stupid people. We won't recognize your expertise unless it's in something boring like math or programming--something 90% of the people you meet firmly believe is for nerds and other super-brain mutants who will never get laid. We don't think of politicians, bureaucrats, chefs, or performance artists as geniuses; we think of engineers, physicists, and mathematicians as the smart ones.

      So your major drivers are mental illness (existence, treatment), health, and established habit (including habit of motivation). The basic driver of starting point--of how hard it is to learn when born--gets buffed out by your brain adjusting to reduce energy expenditure in the simple process of learning. There are two modes to that: learning to avoid learning, or learning to learn more-readily. The energy expenditure drops rapidly if there is a perceived reward or an established habit, as well, which is why we become extremely good at things which interest us (it takes more effort to stop, doesn't it?).

      The question of what you're good at is one of exposure. People raised with strong exposure to literature and art from encouraging parents and role models become interested in literature and art. I learned to spell my name by dialing into a mainframe using a Commodore 64 when I was 3 years old, so of course I was i

    6. Re:huh by Immerman · · Score: 2

      If you're talking about "I'm no good at math" mental ability, then sure - you're no good at math because you haven't practiced enough. Some people are predisposed to thinking in the ways necessary, but it's something anyone do if they put their mind to it.

      But if you're trying to scale that up to "anybody could be an Einstein" - I find that extremely unlikely. The further outside the normal range you get, the bigger the impact of genetic predisposition. The brain is not infinitely plastic - and like muscle, there's a limit to how far you can push it. If you come from a long line of scrawny weaklings, it's pretty much guaranteed that you'll never be able to become an Olympic-class weightlifter. You just don't have the hardware for it. Similarly, if you're born with an intelligence well below average (not damaged, just at the extreme low end of normal), no amount of practice is going to make you one of the most brilliant minds of the species.

      >Look at poor rednecks: they're often genius automechanics, but we see them as stupid people.
      That's because stupid, as commonly used, has two different meanings - lacking in intelligence, and lacking in knowledge. Rednecks as a class fall into the second group. There's also the fact that, in your example, auto repair is an extremely limited problem domain, so most anyone who really dedicates themselves to it can master it and be a brilliant mechanic. Compare that to music, math, science, etc. where the scope is immense, and genius is only recognized in your ability to stand head-and-shoulders above the multitudes of experts. Had Einstein dedicated himself to auto repair instead of physics he would no doubt have been brilliant at it - but he wouldn't have been able to accomplish anything substantially more than any other run of the mill "genius" mechanic - the auto-repair domain is too small to allow for true brilliance to express itself.

      >We don't think of politicians, bureaucrats, chefs, or performance artists as geniuses;
      Speak for yourself. I'll admit I can't think of any bureaucrats called geniuses - but I suspect that's because the domain is again too small, and the achievements of a brilliant bureaucrat mostly look just like the achievements of a larger number of mediocre ones. Genius is usually recognized in great achievements, not just numerous ones. The rest though - brilliance is celebrated in all of them.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    7. Re:huh by bluefoxlucid · · Score: 1

      if you're trying to scale that up to "anybody could be an Einstein" - I find that extremely unlikely. The further outside the normal range you get, the bigger the impact of genetic predisposition. The brain is not infinitely plastic - and like muscle, there's a limit to how far you can push it.

      Do you think people achieve the full of their potential at any time in their lives? That they can achieve no more and have hit the limits of their brain's plasticity?

      K. Anders Ericsson describes the "Okay Plateau," where people cease to improve. You become a decent pianist, a decent typist, a decent computer programmer, but can't become better. Why? Because what you're doing is not inflicting pain, and you're not invested in success.

      The first is a matter of negative reinforcement: if you play Go and you keep losing, you feel bad. You like Go, but you can't enjoy being such a failure. By improving, that pain goes away. Likewise, the second--reward--occurs: you feel good about being able to win more games against stronger people.

      At a point, you don't feel stupid, and you don't have this high ambition to be 6 dan or something. You're sitting at 4 kyu, you should be getting stronger, you complain about it, but whatever. When it comes time to push the boundaries, you have to put in extra effort and take risks which could result in failures, so you play safe right where you always play safe--less effort, and a lower chance of experiencing pain by losing.

      Here's the rub: practice involves generating errors. You have to make mistakes and then correct them. You have to exceed your abilities, and then figure out why you failed. You factor that back in and the error rate falls, and you improve.

      Why bother?

      Why do you care? Why do you want to improve? What are you going to get out of it? Does it really bother you at all that you aren't better, or is it just something that would be nice if you could get it for free?

      That's why you don't improve.

      Ericsson invented deliberate practice to increase the pace of learning, the depth of skill developed, and the level of retention. He invented deliberate practice to let people push past the Okay Plateau and achieve skills they could never develop before simply because they didn't recognize their motivators and make a conscious effort to shift into accepting the effort and the reality of stumbling over their own inability for real.

      The most brilliant minds of the species are the ones who are motivated and organized.

      If you want to test this, take something on which you've plateaued and break the plateau. It's exhausting, but it's still trivial.

    8. Re:huh by Immerman · · Score: 1

      >Do you think people achieve the full of their potential at any time in their lives? That they can achieve no more and have hit the limits of their brain's plasticity?

      Not actually hit it - but it's not a limitless progression either. You converge on your maximum potential, so that further effort yields continuously diminishing returns. It perhaps takes as much effort to go from 80% to 85% of your maximum potential as it did to reach 80% in the first place. And of course you'e also fighting the natural degradation of skills with neglect - if you really strive to reach 100% of your potential, then eventually you'll reach the point where you have to strenuously practice and challenge yourself every waking moment just to maintain the skills you've already honed - at that point you've reached 100% of your potential. Of course nobody actually does that.

      Also, deliberate practice is far older than Ericson, or even language. It's the way in which every predator learns to hunt for example. It's rote practice that's a modern anomaly, possibly a result of the modern education system having been originally invented for political indoctrination at least as as much as education.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
    9. Re:huh by bluefoxlucid · · Score: 1

      deliberate practice is far older than Ericson, or even language. It's the way in which every predator learns to hunt for example.

      Not really. Casual practice leads to a plateau when you're good enough. Consider drawing: you find a subject, you draw. You keep doing this, you improve.

      With deliberate practice, you identify that you specifically have trouble with the details of eyes. The irises are always a bit off-center, the expressions are a bit off, and so forth. Instead of drawing faces or people again and again, you start drawing highly-detailed expressions, with focus on the eyes. You draw eyes again and again--but not just eyes; you identify what you can't do, and you draw those things, which generates errors. You review those errors immediately (constant and immediate feedback), consider what adjustments you need to make, and then make adjustment. You keep doing this until you've improved.

      If you just draw eyes over and over, you'll just stay good enough. You'll always look at it and say, "Well it still doesn't look quite right." That's okay, and there's no real reason to improve, so you won't.

      Deliberate practice breaks this limit. It allows a native Japanese speaker to speak English fluently and clearly as if a native speaker, even just in the first pass of learning; and allows a native English speaker to do the same in Japanese, getting all the little bits and pieces correct as if they grew up with the language and very culture. Most people never get there, even after decades of speaking; but they could in just a few months.

    10. Re:huh by RespekMyAthorati · · Score: 1

      Ericsson is a huckster who makes broad claims while ignoring any evidence that conflicts with his claims.
      He assumes that since all extraordinarily successful people had
      a history of intense training, that anybody with the same training could have achieved as much.
      What Ericsson fails to understand is that only those born with a high degree of innate talent can
      make use of this intense training.

      Anybody else would just use that time and effort to achieve a higher level of mediocrity.

    11. Re:huh by bluefoxlucid · · Score: 1

      Where is this word "huckster" coming from? I've seen it recently to describe people like Larry Kudlow.

      Being "born with a high degree of innate talent" seems to be a highly-coincidental process. When we pull people born from the dredges of muddled poor-people genes into an adoption agency and give them to rich folks, we somehow always catch the ones who somehow mutated high-talent genes. Likewise, those from a long line of highly-talented individuals who are put into a poor social environment with inadequate parental, teacher, and peer support seem to always also be some sort of mutation to the low-talent gene.

      That or it's more about environment than DNA.

  7. Implications outside police dogs by EvilSS · · Score: 1

    I'll be curious to see how this turns out. It has implications for other cases outside of police dogs if it works*. For instance thoroughbred horses, prize bulls, and other fields where high-price breeding fees are in play.

    *By works, I mean produce an animal with the same physical abilities, temperament, and other genetic traits without any undesirable side effects of the cloning process. Obviously no one thinks the clones will come out of the womb pre-trained.

    --
    I browse on +1 so AC's need not respond, I won't see it.
    1. Re:Implications outside police dogs by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'll be curious to see how this turns out.

      "China Says it Cloned a Foxconn Factory Worker To Speed Up Training"

      Is that what you're looking for?

    2. Re:Implications outside police dogs by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ^ Another idiot knows nothing about cloning but wants to jump on bandwagons as they pass through his town.

    3. Re:Implications outside police dogs by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ^ Another AC idiot knows nothing about cloning but is too dumb to realize it.

  8. Embryo transfer by tomhath · · Score: 1

    It would be far better to use embryo transfer to produce a few dozen puppies from selected parents. The mother wouldn't need to be retired because they can use surrogates to carry the pups.

    Of course that assumes the female hasn't already been spayed, which has probably happened in this case.

  9. Worker Bees not far behind by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    We are just a short step away from China "cloning" people with "meritorious genes".
    You know, the ones that are geniuses, and/or physically "perfect" specimens, while at the same time completely subservient to the Party.
    You know, Worker Bees.

    Trust me, it is GOING to happen, in your lifetime.

    I guess it will turn out that "The Forever War" was more prophetic than we thought.......

    1. Re:Worker Bees not far behind by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I don't know, that plan sounds like it could backfire. If subservience is part of our DNA, it still doesn't mean it will be *specifically* aligned with any particular party. China could make a bunch of subservient clones who end up turning on the Party because someone got to the clones and presented themselves as a better leader.

      A revolutionary with strong enough social skills could exploit the subservience of these clones just as well as the Party. After all, subservient people aren't looking to serve anyone in particular, they're just looking to serve. Doesn't matter who, as long as someone's giving out orders to follow. You don't see cops or soldiers quitting en masse every time there's a new mayor, chief, general or head of state, even if the person being replaced has completely opposite politics compared to the previous person in that position.

    2. Re: Worker Bees not far behind by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, Iâ(TM)m lovâ(TM)n it, embrace your brave new world, you get to live in a science fiction novel!

    3. Re:Worker Bees not far behind by cdsparrow · · Score: 1

      Do you really think they aren't already doing this? You report on the cool dog clone, not the cool supersoldier clone...

  10. Yes, Republicanism is linked to lower IQ by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Lower cognitive abilities predict greater prejudice through right-wing ideology, true.

    Do Racism, Conservatism, and Low I.Q. Go Hand in Hand?
    Apr 22, 2013

    This morning as I logged onto Facebook, I came upon this image. Having followed the Boston marathon and MIT shooting coverage initially, I lost some interest when it came down to the “hunt.” As much as justice matters to me, so does tact and class, and the sensationalism of manhunts always leaves me uncomfortable. I also knew it would be a matter of time before the political rhetoric would change from the victims and wounded to the demographic factors of the suspects—namely race and religion. And alas, it has.

    However, what struck me most about this image posted above was the Facebook page it came from, “Too Informed to Vote Republican.” I wondered about this, recalling an old journal article I’d come across when studying anti-Islamic attitudes post 9/11. The paper referenced a correlation between conservatism and low intelligence. Uncertain of its origin, I located a thought-provoking article published in one of psychology’s top journals, Psychological Science, which in essence confirms this.

    Hodson and Busseri (2012) found in a correlational study that lower intelligence in childhood is predictive of greater racism in adulthood, with this effect being mediated (partially explained) through conservative ideology. They also found poor abstract reasoning skills were related to homophobic attitudes which was mediated through authoritarianism and low levels of intergroup contact.

    What this study and those before it suggest is not necessarily that all liberals are geniuses and all conservatives are ignorant. Rather, it makes conclusions based off of averages of groups. The idea is that for those who lack a cognitive ability to grasp complexities of our world, strict-right wing ideologies may be more appealing. Dr. Brian Nosek explained it for the Huffington Post as follows, “ideologies get rid of the messiness and impose a simple solution. So, it may not be surprising that people with less cognitive capacity will be attracted to simplifying ideologies.” For an excellent continuation of this discussion and past studies, please see this article from LiveScience.

    Further, studies have indicated an automatic association between aggression, America, and the news. A study conducted by researchers at Cornell and The Hebrew University (Ferguson & Hassin, 2007) indicated, “American news watchers who were subtly or nonconsciously primed with American cues exhibited greater accessibility of aggression and war constructs in memory, judged an ambiguously aggressive person in a more aggressive and negative manner, and acted in a relatively more aggressive manner toward an experimenter following a mild provocation, compared with news watchers who were not primed” (p. 1642). American “cues” refers to factors such as images of the American flag or words such as “patriot.” Interestingly, this study showed this effect to be independent of political affiliation, but suggested a disturbing notion that America is implicitly associated with aggression for news watchers.

    Taken together, what do these studies suggest? Excessive exposure to news coverage could be toxic as is avoidance of open-minded attitudes and ideals. Perhaps turn off the television and pick up a book? Ideally one that exposes you to differing worldviews.

    *Please note comments that are offensive, defamatory, discriminatory, racist, sexist, homophobic, or otherwise inappropriate will be automatically removed by the author’s discretion.

    References

    Furguson, M.J. & Hassin, R.R. (2007). On the automatic association between American and aggression for news watchers. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 1632-1647.

    Hodson, G. & Busseri, M.A. (2012). Bright minds and dark attitudes: Lower cognitive ability predicts greater prejudice through right-wing ideology and low intergroup contact. Psychological Science, 23, 187-195.

  11. Most felons are Democrats by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The overwhelming majority of felons who are registered to vote are registered Democrats. I won't bother to provide a link, google is your friend.

  12. Yes, Republicanism is linked to lower IQ by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Thanks for demonstrating the point, that Republicans are scientifically linked to lower IQ's and it affects their ability to read and comprehend, being inbred retards.

  13. Cloning Memories? by sdinfoserv · · Score: 1

    I understand cloning an animal passes on certain abilities and learning traits.. but it doesn't pass on the memories, experiences or those actual learned behaviors... so where's the time savings? What's not being said?

    1. Re:Cloning Memories? by allawalla · · Score: 1

      Actually, I think its a little more complicated than that - https://io9.gizmodo.com/how-an.... I am not sure how this interacts with cloning and the jury is still out on what can be passed down in this way, but nurture does influence the genome which I assume would be passed down through cloning.

    2. Re:Cloning Memories? by tazan · · Score: 1

      You could spend a lot of time training a dog, only to find out it doesn't have the required innate ability. Or maybe it does have the capability but the method of training in use doesn't work with it's personality This eliminates the unknown variables and therefore waste.

  14. next step by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    cloning police officers that are not corrupt?

  15. Disgusting by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You need to kill a female dog and harvest her eggs to get the building blocks of cloning a dog.

    This is sick.

    1. Re:Disgusting by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You really don't know what else they do to dogs there do you?

    2. Re:Disgusting by Immerman · · Score: 1

      Only if you're especially incompetent. Or do you think in-vitro fertilization techniques for humans require killing the woman in order to harvest her eggs?

      Typically you just administer a drug that causes rampant ovulation. Kill the donor and all you get are ovaries full of immature eggs, which will need special care to become viable (I don't know if we even have the technology to do that), since normally they mature during the days before ovulation.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
  16. Verify, don't trust by WillAffleckUW · · Score: 1

    First thing you learn about Chinese research claims is always go to the source and verify the proofs.

    --
    -- Tigger warning: This post may contain tiggers! --
  17. Wow what a great reason! Chinese steal everything by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Why do Chinese steal everything and smell like shit?

    Oh and the US gov has secretly cloned everything. Yes everything. And your tax dollars pay for it all.

    But you aren't allowed to see it, even though you pay for it all. What a great deal!

  18. Sure It Did. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Chinaalso flys to space inside swimming pools.

    STOP REPEATING CHINK LIES /.

    Youre such whore for those tiny chink cocks...

  19. Why it may not be as good as it's predecessor by Glasswire · · Score: 1

    The cloned dog will be trained with the best, premier techniques thought to produce a great police dog. However, what experience had shown to be a great police dog (the DNA donor) might have been raised or trained in ways nobody documented because they did not follow the handbook. So the new dog, while genetically similar to the old one is trained in the officially mandated style of today - which won't necessarily give you another champion dog because the training is what they think is best, not necessarily what the great dog got.

  20. Cloning Einstein? by SurenEnfiajyan · · Score: 1

    What about cloning Einstein and other bright minds?

    1. Re:Cloning Einstein? by Immerman · · Score: 1

      It has often been considered, and will probably be attempted once we have the technology to effectively clone humans, assuming someone has a cache of intact DNA.

      --
      --- Most topics have many sides worth arguing, allow me to take one opposite you.
  21. now if we could have India do the same by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    it takes a long time to train an outsourced programmer correctly! ha

  22. Something Lost In Translation by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    definitely.

  23. Who didn't see that coming? by noodler · · Score: 1

    How long before china selects the most trainable soldiers for cloning?
    I bet they're already planning for it.

  24. Oh I know! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I suggest taking a plethora of highly accurate measurements of their skulls and jawbones. I don't know why, but that just seems like it should matter...

  25. Misinformation by suss · · Score: 1

    I treat this like all "news" coming out of China: As misinformation or a downright lie to make it seem like China actually achieves things, which i highly doubt it does. See also the FUD stories about people injecting themselves with fruitjuice and other bullshit like that.