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Hubble Repairs Declared "Complete Success"

Matt G writes "The Hubble Telescope's brain transplant seems to have been a perfect succss - British-born Michael Foale and Swiss Claude Nicollier carried out the delicate operation of installing a new computer as they flew over Australia at an altitude of about 600km (360 miles) on Thursday. The full story is posted at The BBC News site here. "

14 of 67 comments (clear)

  1. Technical details? by core · · Score: 2

    Does anybody know what operating system (if any) runs the new 'brain' ? Is it VxWorks like pathfinder, or maybe just a very thin blanket over the hardware (just enough to get C code working or something) ?

    Actually, why was it needed to upgrade the cpus? I mean, I thought hubble's cpu doesn't do more than controlling movements and handling communication protocols so it can send pictures. The new 'brain' will be 20 times faster, but what's the point? Does the telescope perform calculations on-site ? Just wondering.

    1. Re:Technical details? by mangu · · Score: 2

      Just wondering: Y2K?

      I can't see any compelling reason for changing the cpu, if the old one was working. If the old cpu had failed, then why not replace by a new identical chip? Why risk the chance of finding a bug in the new one? Unless they want to try some new algorithm, why upgrade?

      Of course, pointing the HST isn't "just" that simple. At the precision level required, some of the calculations are incredibly complex. There are also other problems, like battery management, for instance. The HST crosses the shadow of the earth several times a day, and this imposes stringent requirements on the batteries, not to mention thermal stresses.

      Just to give you an idea of the precision needed for spacecraft control, I work at a commercial satellite control center. Some years ago, we did a spin rate measurement on a satellite, while moving fuel from one tank to the other. This measurement had to be done at a 0.000001 rpm precision level, for a nominal 30 rpm rotation, meaning 0.000003% error. The result? A few extra million $ worth in the satellite value, due to a more accurate estimate of the remaining fuel.

      To do a measurement to this precision one has to consider even the smallest details. For instance, the satellite is in a 24 hour period orbit, and each spin rate measurement took about 10 minutes. In this time, the satellite moved along its orbit, changing slightly the angle of the antenna (which was pointed to the Earth) with relation to the sun. This caused a variation of a fraction of a degree in the temperature of the satellite structure, which was enough to cause a marked difference (much greater than the required precision) in the spin rate, and had to be discounted from the measurement.

      So, I guess NASA improved the pointing algorithms in HST to a degree that made necessary a more powerful cpu.

    2. Re:Technical details? by breser · · Score: 3

      According to the mission website the new computer has advanced radition protection. The radiation in space will eventually destroy the computer. They replaced it with a newer computer that was designed to have a longer life span. Additionally the new computer has six times as much memory and three times as much processor speed. The new processor speed and memory will be used to give them more accuracy in the pointing of the spacecraft.

    3. Re:Technical details? by DHartung · · Score: 2

      The computer on Hubble is programmed from the ground. The new computer simply upgrades the processing capability of the existing software, perhaps allowing new routines. (Early on, with the original 286 board, they discovered that the anti-jitter routines they devised wouldn't fit -- let alone anything else like data transfer. Presumably 1993's 386 co-px solved that.)

      The post-Challenger restriction on flights was NOT on an artificial window like "winter", but on specific temperatures reached at the Cape. It's very, very rare for even a January freeze there, but it happened in 1986. No, they should not launch the shuttle, even with redesigned O-rings and boosters, if it gets too cold. But just because it's December does not mean the same thing as being too cold.
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    4. Re:Technical details? by DHartung · · Score: 2

      I can't see any compelling reason for changing the cpu, if the old one was working. If the old cpu had failed, then why not replace by a new identical chip? Why risk the chance of finding a bug in the new one? Unless they want to try some new algorithm, why upgrade?

      The Hubble was designed from the beginning to be periodically upgraded, not only by swapping out instruments and installing different ones, but in improving the instruments in place. The computer upgrade has been in the works for several years; a prototype was tested aboard the John Glenn shuttle mission last year. This isn't an idle "hey, let's toss a new box in" procedure.

      You are correct about satellite precision; in fact, pointing precision has always been one of the sticking points regarding the computer. The new computer gives them more memory to run more complex routines, probably something the controllers have been clamoring for since 1993!
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  2. Best Wishes to NASA by Effugas · · Score: 5

    The Hubble Repair mission should remind us of what, sadly, has been somewhat forgotten as of late:

    These guys know their stuff.

    When I sysadmin a machine I'm standing next to...I'm standing on something. I'm not floating in nothingness, hoping my toolkits don't float away into the emptiness of space, trying not to bend a couple hundred gold pins while wearing massive mittens and a spacesuit that I have to continually check for tears.

    I also don't generally do it for eight hours straight without so much as a water break.

    Similarly, when I'm admining a system remotely, I'm not piggybacking on top of a defense network that I can lose access to at any moment, nor am I trying to fit modern computational systems into a space-hardened antiquated piece of hardware. These are some crazy skilled coders, and they deserve much more respect than the budget-forced unit conversion fiasco implied. (We should be ashamed for the reaction! These )

    I'm proud of NASA, and I'm proud of the engineer-athlete-scientists who made the Hubble space telescope possible. Thank you. Your work is appreciated.

    Yours Truly,

    Dan Kaminsky
    DoxPara Research
    http://www.doxpara.com

  3. The media is denied their hay-day! by Lonesmurf · · Score: 2

    I would like to be the first to congratulate the people at NASA for doing a fine, fine job.

    The hubble telescope is a big focus for the public's attention. With the recent, uhm, mistakes at NASA, I'm sure that alot of managers were sweating about the PR disaster if this would have gone anything but perfectly.

    I can see the headlines now:

    "NASA fails again!"
    "Hubble goes back to sleep"
    "Public faith in NASA shaken"
    "NASA's funding cut for continued blunders"
    "NASA shuts down for restructure"
    20 years later
    "Anybody remember when we went to the moon?"


    Perhaps I'm being a tad melodramatic here, but who else had that queasy feeling that hubble wasn't going to go back online.. ever?

    Once again, congrats to all involved, and good luck in all future endeavours.

    Rami James
    Israel

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  4. HST maintenance by Captain+Zion · · Score: 4
    it's likely that it was mainly just 'preventative maintenance'.. the old CPUs probably already had some damage from the length of time they'd been up there and they needed to be replaced anyway
    From the Space Telescope Science Institute:

    When originally planned in 1979, the Large Space Telescope program called for return to Earth, refurbishment, and relaunch every 5 years, with on-orbit servicing every 2.5 years. Hardware lifetime and reliability requirements were based on that 2.5-year interval between servicing missions. In 1985, contamination and structural loading concerns associated with return to Earth aboard the shuttle eliminated the concept of ground return from the program. NASA decided that on-orbit servicing might be adequate to maintain HST for its 15- year design life. A three year cycle of on-orbit servicing was adopted. The two HST servicing missions in December 1993 and February 1997 were enormous successes. Future servicing missions are tentatively planned for mid-1999 and mid-2002. Contingency flights could still be added to the shuttle manifest to perform specific tasks that cannot wait for the next regularly scheduled servicing mission (and/or required tasks that were not completed on a given servicing mission).

  5. Bravo for NASA by Skyshadow · · Score: 2
    It's good to see NASA having success after the loss of those two Mars probes.

    Notice how the media's not making a big deal out of this. I suppose you could argue that successes just don't sell as many newspapers as failures. I think, however, that the mass media likes to manufacture issues by hyping up failures like the Mars mission and then making another story out of the public stir they create. Think about it; "NASA Mars Probe Lost" is just one story, but "Second NASA Failure This Year Causes Public Doubt About Future of Space Agency" can be a snowballing event -- shorts, 'talkback' segments, polls, comments from pundits, etc.

    After all, when you're on 24 hours a day, you can't be expected to fill the time by just reporting what really happened when, where and why. That'd require too much actual reporting.

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    1. Re:Bravo for NASA by Skinka · · Score: 2
      "Notice how the media's not making a big deal out of this".

      Notice also how the media completely disregars all successfull airplane landings and focuses on those that end up in fireball killing 200 people. Some nerve they have..

      It's very easy to critize the BBC and forget that there is reason why some stories get less atention. The reason is us, we don't care. Counter what you might think, newspapers (and by newspapers I mean newspapers, not tabloids etc) actually do try to serve the public. The thing is that the public is not served by running stories nobody cares about. Stories like "NASA succesfuly launches a satellite for the 748th time" intrest very few people so they are left for publications the specialize on astronomy.

      Success is not news if it happens often or is in some other way obvious (neither is failure for that matter). That is why you'd expect to see headlines like "Kid not hit by a car while crossing road", "Actor James Coburn still alive", or "cold fusion experiments prove unsuccesfull" in The Onion, not The Times.

      "I think, however, that the mass media likes to manufacture issues by hyping up failures like the Mars mission and then making another story out of the public stir they create".

      The Mars missions were largely hyped even before they turned out to be failures. Remember the Pathfinder mission and how it created a lot of media attention even though it was a complete success? A lot of people were expecting something similar, and when that didn't happend, it became a big news. Very logical, IMHO.

  6. Re:A possible use for Hubble? by AstroJetson · · Score: 2

    There's no way the HST has enough resolving power to find something so small. Especially with Mars now well past opposition. A better idea is to use the Mars Orbiter to try to find it, which I believe they are doing. But even that is a long shot.

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  7. You Know what this means? by amccall · · Score: 2

    More wallpaper for me!
    Seriously, even if you don't appreciate the scientific level of what NASA is doing. You can get some really awsome images from them. Check out NASA's awsome collection of images, which have aver generous copying policy.

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  8. Re:486 Intel is it the only radiation safe CPU? by DHartung · · Score: 2

    There is a design freeze built into almost every program, but it is not, repeat not, based on anything as inane (or prescient) as a five-years-before-launch timeline. For example, the faster-better-cheaper probes don't necessarily even take that long from project approval to launch! The Confirmation Design Review of MPL was barely two years prior to launch. (Read into that what you will.)

    The reason for using a 486 instead of a Pentium can be as simple as power and cooling requirements, or as complex as the issue of running a custom RTOS written in C versus running an off-the-shelf Windoe Manager written in C++ and something else godawful. (Or maybe that's the simple decision.)
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  9. Re:Success =/= good by DHartung · · Score: 2

    how does NASA spell success after two complete failures with the mars probes?

    The Hubble team is an entirely separate team from the Mars probes. One team had a success. Two Mars teams had failures.

    Anyway it's not like they haven't messed up on the hubble project before.

    True dat. But the embarrassment over the Hubble optics could have been handled much better; they dug their own grave there.

    We need to hurry up and privatize NASA befor ethey thow away any more tax dollars.

    So what business, exactly, is going to spend money on a Mars probe? Just asking.

    The MPL mission was about as privatized as a government program gets: the whole probe was designed and built by outside contractors to a NASA spec. Really, this is the way things should be done. MPL was a failure within aceptable risk. MCO was a horrible avoidable failure, but it's possible that the govt-contractor relationship was partly to blame. This isn't easy.
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