Okay here are the few issues to consider, the rise of CO2 is clearly by human activity. What has happened in the past was that the global temperature has followed the CO2 concentration. Also the speed now is a LOT faster than one which extincted 95% of earths species, so this one could be more devastating. There natural things that have launched similar things, but here's scary part the natural changes are launched mostly by increasing temperature. So the worst case is that we create to a very dangerous levels of global warming, and from that triggered natural effect finishes off most of the species including us.
This is of course if you believe that earth is that old and wasn't just created that way.
If BSG closes up shop after they find Earth and get things settled in, there is a good chance that most viewers will never say "Damn, BSG jumped the shark".
I have a better idea, in the second last episode they find earth get settled there and entire fleet lands for technology transfer. In last the episode, Cylons find earth and bomb it from the orbit.
There is big difference between silicon cost and what you pay. 20mm^2 of processed silicon costs 1$ on modern process. The ram density is 10Mbit per mm and Flash density 20Mbit per mm And for lowend packaging the cost is 1c per pin. Plus of course the mask set for Million or few million for ENTIRE run. Make millions of those chips and things get interesting. Cut of the western IP companies and using locally designed controllers and CPU:s. Powersupply is really cheap also, you DON'T expect it to create multiple voltages, nor expect it produce high current. Its more like converter that resides inside any electronic device that plugs in the wall, not the highend powerhouse thats inside PC. The thing is that people who see price tag in store have no idea how cheap it is to manufacture same item. The rule of thumb is that manufacturing costs 10% or less of what you see in store. However my prices of electronic costs are not derived from rule of thumbs but from actual costs.
As for costs of controllers they are really tiny and shouldn't even count for manufacturing costs. I'm not expecting them to combine more than 1mm of silicon estate. Its all about cutting middle men to get that goal. And desinging it for the purpose instead of trying to find off the shelf components, and then manufacturing it in VERY HIGH VOLUMES.
The only potential problem for getting the there would be display, 6-12" flat panel price. Not monitor, not TV but panel price in high quantities, is something that I havent found yet.
Ever used computer with less than megabyte of ram? I have. Ever used computer with less than megabyte of persistent storage? I have. Now lets talk about silicon costs. Putting few megabytes of ram, all periphelia controllers and tiny CPU, and some flash [non-compatible, designed locally to avoid IP issues], could be put on 3$ chip.
Thats right, computer as powerfull as early 90's computer could be build in single really cheap chip. No it won't run quake 2. Perhaps you could port first quake for it though.
My main point was that RAM costs 10$ and for 175$ end price the RAM isn't the first thing to skimp. Also you cannot save 10$ because no matter how little RAM you have it still costs something. And now the key part. Discussion about amount of RAM for cause of price hike from 100$ to 175 is ridiculous.
CPU chip is far better place to save, since that really costs.
Christianity. If you don't count the state allowed version, that bans preaching to non-members. And teaching of second coming of christ and several other requirements, like that the state chooses the priests, and it preaches communism more than christianity. It is more or less pro communist party front for westerners to show tolerance to religion.
Its motto is. "Love thy country and christianity." The christian motto is "Love God more than anything and thy neighbour like thy self".
They are more or less just starting at that 175$, with price going down as the costs go down. They estimate 25% reduction per year. That meanst that within 2 years they get it down to 100$
Currently 256Mb SO-DIMM would costs in volume market about 10$. As for my personal use of linux I have found that 256MB is definitely the minimum you really want to have in general desktop use. Sure you *COULD* run it with lower amount, but every now and then you end up with really bad slowdowns, depending on what apps you want to run with it. [My current has 1GB because it ended up with that kind of problems with 512MB of ram]
The processor, RAM, etc... When consider where to save costs I think the 10$ DRAM wouldn't be a place to save.
If only speed mattered, we'd all use segmentation. After all, it stores less data and therefore causes less main-memory lookups and therefore runs faster than page-based protection, right? Except that nobody *liked* segmentation and no compiler but Watcom C will emit segmented code.
Mondriaan will improve systems programming enough to make up for speed/storage losses. Fine-grained read/write/execute protection will enable all sorts of new OS features!
Unfortunately you don't have an idea what it really costs. The end result would be too slow to sell to anyone.
1) Inherent support for parallelism in the instruction set. At the least, this should include increased numbers of atomic instructions and easier atomic memory access.
Reasonable request.
2) Replace segmentation and page-based protection with Mondriaan memory protection and a tagged TLB. This would be a godsend to microkernel systems and grant incremental security and speed boosts to macrokernels.
Mondrian memory protection looks like net loss. Complicates L1 cache access.
3) I know IA-32 already has them, but please give us precise interrupts. Imprecise ones are too much trouble with which to program.
Standard, no-one except me would consider the imprecise ones.
4) Define a clear set of registers and memory locations that constitute the current continuation or thread state. Make these extra fast to manipulate as a whole, enabling faster thread switches and clearer thread definitions without making software do things like define which register is the stack register.
Agreed.
5) Make everything else RISC for speed.
Well, or VLIW or vector or...
6) Decreased reliance on caches.
How to do that. Mainmemory latencies are not instruction set dependant. If you mean adding lots of registers, then it starts to complicate things after a point. You could allow relaxed memory ordering, buts thats pain in the ass for software developers after that.
7) A security model based on something other than concentric rings. Up-calls help form system features like scheduler activations that can increase speed, and the processor shouldn't make you part the Red Sea to write them.
Don't know enough to comment this.
8) Let programmers decide the destination register of instructions. Will it really slow things down that much or take up that much memory?
It took too much memory in the 70's;) There are few that are inherently separate in that manner for performance reasons. Float & integer do not mix, nor does the status registers, counters etc...
9) Decide which I/O model to use: a port I/O address space accessed via special instructions or memory-mapped I/O at special addresses. Then stick with it. Whatever you pick, the security mechanism controlling it should allow easy direct access to hardware from user space programs with the operating system's permission. And if you decide on memory-mapped, find some way to clean up the holes in physical address space that memory-mapped I/O currently causes.
Agreed.
10) Abandon support for legacy 16-bit modes.
No hardware designer wants to add legact models, it always comes from management or from software people.
Timna was DRDRAM only cancelled low end intel chip with pentium3 CPU, a graphics and DRDRAM memory controller on die. DRDRAM was never cheap enough for low end for intel to start selling those chips. And strategic failure of that project was probably one of the reasons intel didn't bring ondie memory controllers after that for a while. And netburst had multithreading before Sun.
If you raise your feet on your computer and still have your neck-ass-feet line in 135 degrees isn't really the healthy position. Nor 90 degrees position.
Dumping linux kernel for leaked and hacked win98 kernel on debian.
Re:A LAW FOR EUROPEAN DIESEL STANDARDS FOR US.
on
An Inconvenient Truth
·
· Score: 1
Cost of pollution isn't low. Its very high. However end product price doesn't reflect the cost of pollution because those costs are not imposed on manufacturer nor distributor. The cost of pollution is huge. Think about cost of loosing every costal city and building homes for those people inlands. Thats a real cost of CO2. Also the destabilization of world with every other country blaming United States for the problem because its the WORST offender and has worked against any attempt on fixing the problem. United States need to change in this manner. Its not an option to ignore rest of the world and impose huge costs for everyone to get short term economic savings for own country. Any kind of terrorist problem you have now is nothing compared to what kind of problems you could face if United States would continue in its own path.
While I'm feelign that FAIR cost of current pollution to United States would be two 100Megaton nuclear warheads blown in east United States, 1 in Texas 1 In California, It would give United States kind of costs that rest of the world would be suffering, I don't feel that it would actually fix anything. It would be fair,but not good. However I'm feeling that when the time comes of entire world destabilizing because of the Global Warming there will be many people willing and capable of hitting United States badly. This is not saying that anyone doing this kind of things would be doing something right, but actually it would be *FAIR* cost, percentage wise on casualties this would be lot less entire worlds casualties because of global warming than United States percentage of world CO2 pollution.
Thats one law that would really help. Make better standards for diesel.
That toyota corolla, well if its new then it maybe less polluting than new FORD GALAXY, that runs on european diesel, if its not new then it pollutes more than the new FORD GALAXY european diesel model. One law that matters is taxing SUV(s) out of roads and taxing of fuel compensated by lessened other taxes. Diesel or no Diesel SUV is not a good answer.
Anything that reduces amount of money spend on fuel reduces amount of money leaving United States for getting the oil. Best solution is TAX fuel but the taxed money wont be out of economy if Goverment puts it back to economy.
The global temperature changes will be balanced.
on
An Inconvenient Truth
·
· Score: 1
If you think its too late think about it that the speed that it is happening is a real problem not that it is happening. Global warming would be OK if it happened in thousands of years time frame and no human infrastructure would block natural movement of habitats. However we have made it quite speedy thing, and we are also hurting natures adaption to new situation. Also OUR speed of adaption to problem is what makes it problem. A radical change would be needed to slow it down to a pace where it isn't that harmfull.
However I believe there is natural rebalancing act happening before global warming has gotten really out of hand. The system will naturally balance its self. You know that the sea level raises and countries with too low altitude get over run by sea. Then there is famine and drought. There are plenty of technologicly advanced countries affected by it. And their natural responce is trying to get more land to live in. It will eventually lead to a Nuclear winter. So global warming is naturally balanced by nuclear winter.
Slashdot Mirror
Okay here are the few issues to consider, the rise of CO2 is clearly by human activity.
What has happened in the past was that the global temperature has followed the CO2 concentration.
Also the speed now is a LOT faster than one which extincted 95% of earths species, so this one could be more devastating.
There natural things that have launched similar things, but here's scary part the natural changes are launched mostly by increasing temperature. So the worst case is that we create to a very dangerous levels of global warming, and from that triggered natural effect finishes off most of the species including us.
This is of course if you believe that earth is that old and wasn't just created that way.
I have a better idea, in the second last episode they find earth get settled there and entire fleet lands for technology transfer. In last the episode, Cylons find earth and bomb it from the orbit.
THE END
There is big difference between silicon cost and what you pay. 20mm^2 of processed silicon costs 1$ on modern process.
The ram density is 10Mbit per mm and Flash density 20Mbit per mm And for lowend packaging the cost is 1c per pin.
Plus of course the mask set for Million or few million for ENTIRE run. Make millions of those chips and things get interesting. Cut of the western IP companies and using locally designed controllers and CPU:s.
Powersupply is really cheap also, you DON'T expect it to create multiple voltages, nor expect it produce high current.
Its more like converter that resides inside any electronic device that plugs in the wall, not the highend powerhouse thats inside PC.
The thing is that people who see price tag in store have no idea how cheap it is to manufacture same item. The rule of thumb is that manufacturing costs 10% or less of what you see in store. However my prices of electronic costs are not derived from rule of thumbs but from actual costs.
As for costs of controllers they are really tiny and shouldn't even count for manufacturing costs. I'm not expecting them to combine more than 1mm of silicon estate.
Its all about cutting middle men to get that goal. And desinging it for the purpose instead of trying to find off the shelf components, and then manufacturing it in VERY HIGH VOLUMES.
The only potential problem for getting the there would be display, 6-12" flat panel price. Not monitor, not TV but panel price in high quantities, is something that I havent found yet.
Ever used computer with less than megabyte of ram? I have.
Ever used computer with less than megabyte of persistent storage? I have.
Now lets talk about silicon costs.
Putting few megabytes of ram, all periphelia controllers and tiny CPU, and some flash [non-compatible, designed locally to avoid IP issues], could be put on 3$ chip.
Thats right, computer as powerfull as early 90's computer could be build in single really cheap chip.
No it won't run quake 2. Perhaps you could port first quake for it though.
"Trust me, I know what I'm doing."
-Hammer
My main point was that RAM costs 10$ and for 175$ end price the RAM isn't the first thing to skimp. Also you cannot save 10$ because no matter how little RAM you have it still costs something. And now the key part. Discussion about amount of RAM for cause of price hike from 100$ to 175 is ridiculous.
CPU chip is far better place to save, since that really costs.
Christianity.
If you don't count the state allowed version, that bans preaching to non-members. And teaching of second coming of christ and several other requirements, like that the state chooses the priests, and it preaches communism more than christianity.
It is more or less pro communist party front for westerners to show tolerance to religion.
Its motto is. "Love thy country and christianity."
The christian motto is "Love God more than anything and thy neighbour like thy self".
They are more or less just starting at that 175$, with price going down as the costs go down.
They estimate 25% reduction per year. That meanst that within 2 years they get it down to 100$
Currently 256Mb SO-DIMM would costs in volume market about 10$.
As for my personal use of linux I have found that 256MB is definitely the minimum you really want to have in general desktop use. Sure you *COULD* run it with lower amount, but every now and then you end up with really bad slowdowns, depending on what apps you want to run with it.
[My current has 1GB because it ended up with that kind of problems with 512MB of ram]
The processor, RAM, etc... When consider where to save costs I think the 10$ DRAM wouldn't be a place to save.
If only speed mattered, we'd all use segmentation. After all, it stores less data and therefore causes less main-memory lookups and therefore runs faster than page-based protection, right? Except that nobody *liked* segmentation and no compiler but Watcom C will emit segmented code.
Mondriaan will improve systems programming enough to make up for speed/storage losses. Fine-grained read/write/execute protection will enable all sorts of new OS features!
Unfortunately you don't have an idea what it really costs. The end result would be too slow to sell to anyone.
From EE student switching to CS...
...
;) There are few that are inherently separate in that manner for performance reasons. Float & integer do not mix, nor does the status registers, counters etc...
1) Inherent support for parallelism in the instruction set. At the least, this should include increased numbers of atomic instructions and easier atomic memory access.
Reasonable request.
2) Replace segmentation and page-based protection with Mondriaan memory protection and a tagged TLB. This would be a godsend to microkernel systems and grant incremental security and speed boosts to macrokernels.
Mondrian memory protection looks like net loss. Complicates L1 cache access.
3) I know IA-32 already has them, but please give us precise interrupts. Imprecise ones are too much trouble with which to program.
Standard, no-one except me would consider the imprecise ones.
4) Define a clear set of registers and memory locations that constitute the current continuation or thread state. Make these extra fast to manipulate as a whole, enabling faster thread switches and clearer thread definitions without making software do things like define which register is the stack register.
Agreed.
5) Make everything else RISC for speed.
Well, or VLIW or vector or
6) Decreased reliance on caches.
How to do that. Mainmemory latencies are not instruction set dependant. If you mean adding lots of registers, then it starts to complicate things after a point.
You could allow relaxed memory ordering, buts thats pain in the ass for software developers after that.
7) A security model based on something other than concentric rings. Up-calls help form system features like scheduler activations that can increase speed, and the processor shouldn't make you part the Red Sea to write them.
Don't know enough to comment this.
8) Let programmers decide the destination register of instructions. Will it really slow things down that much or take up that much memory?
It took too much memory in the 70's
9) Decide which I/O model to use: a port I/O address space accessed via special instructions or memory-mapped I/O at special addresses. Then stick with it. Whatever you pick, the security mechanism controlling it should allow easy direct access to hardware from user space programs with the operating system's permission. And if you decide on memory-mapped, find some way to clean up the holes in physical address space that memory-mapped I/O currently causes.
Agreed.
10) Abandon support for legacy 16-bit modes.
No hardware designer wants to add legact models, it always comes from management or from software people.
Time to burn stacks of Ubuntu Live CD's! GOGO!
You bring CD:s, I bring matches !
Timna was DRDRAM only cancelled low end intel chip with pentium3 CPU, a graphics and DRDRAM memory controller on die.
DRDRAM was never cheap enough for low end for intel to start selling those chips. And strategic failure of that project was probably one of the reasons intel didn't bring ondie memory controllers after that for a while.
And netburst had multithreading before Sun.
For instance halflife.exe is a good shell for windows.
If you raise your feet on your computer and still have your neck-ass-feet line in 135 degrees isn't really the healthy position. Nor 90 degrees position.
He hasn't invented the warp drive yet!
Yes. Neural BREAST interfaces SEX will work BREAST perfectly. BREASTS Its SEX just WOW reads your SEX mind and types BREASTS that you SEX think of.
Dumping linux kernel for leaked and hacked win98 kernel on debian.
Cost of pollution isn't low. Its very high. However end product price doesn't reflect the cost of pollution because those costs are not imposed on manufacturer nor distributor. The cost of pollution is huge. Think about cost of loosing every costal city and building homes for those people inlands.
,but not good. However I'm feeling that when the time comes of entire world destabilizing because of the Global Warming there will be many people willing and capable of hitting United States badly. This is not saying that anyone doing this kind of things would be doing something right, but actually it would be *FAIR* cost, percentage wise on casualties this would be lot less entire worlds casualties because of global warming than United States percentage of world CO2 pollution.
Thats a real cost of CO2. Also the destabilization of world with every other country blaming United States for the problem because its the WORST offender and has worked against any attempt on fixing the problem. United States need to change in this manner. Its not an option to ignore rest of the world and impose huge costs for everyone to get short term economic savings for own country. Any kind of terrorist problem you have now is nothing compared to what kind of problems you could face if United States would continue in its own path.
While I'm feelign that FAIR cost of current pollution to United States would be two 100Megaton nuclear warheads blown in east United States, 1 in Texas 1 In California, It would give United States kind of costs that rest of the world would be suffering, I don't feel that it would actually fix anything. It would be fair
Thats one law that would really help. Make better standards for diesel.
That toyota corolla, well if its new then it maybe less polluting than new FORD GALAXY, that runs on european diesel, if its not new then it pollutes more than the new FORD GALAXY european diesel model.
One law that matters is taxing SUV(s) out of roads and taxing of fuel compensated by lessened other taxes. Diesel or no Diesel SUV is not a good answer.
Anything that reduces amount of money spend on fuel reduces amount of money leaving United States for getting the oil.
Best solution is TAX fuel but the taxed money wont be out of economy if Goverment puts it back to economy.
brahms ~ 51 % man linux
No manual entry for linux
I'm confused.
If you think its too late think about it that the speed that it is happening is a real problem not that it is happening.
Global warming would be OK if it happened in thousands of years time frame and no human infrastructure would block natural movement of habitats.
However we have made it quite speedy thing, and we are also hurting natures adaption to new situation. Also OUR speed of adaption to problem is what makes it problem. A radical change would be needed to slow it down to a pace where it isn't that harmfull.
However I believe there is natural rebalancing act happening before global warming has gotten really out of hand. The system will naturally balance its self.
You know that the sea level raises and countries with too low altitude get over run by sea. Then there is famine and drought. There are plenty of technologicly advanced countries affected by it. And their natural responce is trying to get more land to live in. It will eventually lead to a Nuclear winter. So global warming is naturally balanced by nuclear winter.
If the premises would of been protected by UCLA campus police.
Lets have a biblical answer.Its found at the beginning of Judges. To cut of his thumbs and big toes and have him pick up scraps under your table.
Here's exact quote:
"Seventy kings with their thumbs and big toes cut off have picked up scraps under my table."
Don't we all love it.