Seems they have to ground their ONTs because Verizon is run by tards because all metal entering a building must be grounded and Verizon decided to enter a building with metal. My ISP removes the trace line and even strips the jacket prior to entering my house. They have an all plastic flexible coil that completely wraps around the fiber and the fiber could be easily pushed through it. No metal entering the house.
I don't think a single city in the USA has a density that low. The average density of the Universe is less than 1 person per cubic light year. Obviously there is no reason to deploy fiber anywhere.
If all you learned in "French Class" was some French, you may want your money back. I took German because it was a requirement to have 4 credits of foreign language and I learned a lot about the German culture. Not just basic words, but how they differ, why they differ, the history behind a lot of the usages, lots of other random German cultural tidbits.
I don't remember a lot of the raw facts that I learned either, but it dramatically influenced my appreciation and interest in other cultures.
The only thing more expensive than a big fiber network is a big copper network. About every 5-8 years, AT&T, Verizon, and Comcast each spend enough to cover the entire USA in fiber, just to keep their copper networks up to par. That means every 5-8 years, they together spend about 3x the cost to upgrade the USA to all fiber. Fiber has about a 30% lower opex than copper, and opex is about 60% of the cost of a modern ISP. They could reduce their total costs by 15%, and when you're making 5% margins on your revenue, reducing your costs by 20% over all is like quadrupling your net profits.
Modern TCP stacks use the RTT to determine the latency, then adjust the window to sized up to a logical 4GB max. I'm sure most OSes will have a max limit lower than this to not consume all of the memory for a network buffer.
What kind of crap gig ports do you have? 1gb/s is a max of 125MB/s and I can get 114MB/s sustained doing file transfers over SMB on my two 7 year old BestBuy desktops, and that's with my CPU staying below 5% utilization and my switch doesn't support jumbo-frames. Well, I did upgrade them both with SSDs, but that's not the point. The point is any decent NIC can handle full 1gb speeds.
You can purchase 144 strand fiber cables with a single metal tracer built in for $0.40/meter in batches of 1km runs or longer. That's a fraction the cost of a single COAX hardline cable and it's about 1/7th the diameter for the entire cable. You could fit about 130 144 strand fiber cables in the same thickness of a COAX hardline, so about 18,720 fibers. That's enough fiber for at least 18,720 houses or 600,000 houses if using GPON with a 32x split.
I only have a UPS powering my ONT, but I haven't had a land line for over 15 years now. Your direct power sounds a lot more resilient, but 400v DC sounds dangerous. I assume 40v DC?
The fiber conduit I saw my ISP lay had metal trace lines sticking out at the ends so they could be located underground later on. Even the fiber hooked to my house has a large finger thick diameter cord with a metal center, which is cut off at the end points because it serves no purpose other than acting as a trace and giving the fiber. The fiber in the conduit does not have this thick additional piece, only the run between my house and the conduit does.
High density is actually more expensive. It's hard to run new fiber through a large apartment building than a house. The optimal density is lots of small houses or duplexes packed near each other, not 30 story apartments made of concrete.
As with all ISPs, speed means shit:
- Whats the contention ratio, compared to other ISPs in the area?
- How many hops to your favourite website, vs other ISP's?
- How stable is your ping, vs other ISPs?
According to my ISP, 0 contention. Having talked to a senior network engineer, they do not over-subscribe their network in the last mile and they have no middle mile as all connections go strait from your house to their trunk over a dedicated fiber per house.
Well, my ISP does not use any caching of any kind, except DNS, and they have no peering so no CDNs, but my ping to most web pages is about 8ms. In one of my other posts, my ISP's DNS servers give me a cached response time of under 1ms RTT. That is network latency plus processing latency.
Ping stability is about less than 0.5ms std dev during peak hours to any major IX in the USA, including LA, Dallas, Chicago, and New York. My std dev to London, Paris, and Frankfurt is about 2.5ms. If you haven't guessed already, they use Level 3.
Using gigabit Internet, even in its infancy, opened my eyes to speed and reminded me of why I love the Internet
I used to have 100mb cable Internet, but it didn't seem much faster than the 18mb low end cable service. I later switch to another ISP that offered FTTH and markets all residential connections as dedicated bandwidth, not to mention they use dedicated P2P fiber.
This 50mb fiber feels several times faster then my old 100mb cable. My bet it has something to do with my sub RTT 1ms average cached query latency from their DHCP assigned DNS servers(0.000-0.001 according to Steve Gibson's DNS Benchmark program), plus they do no traffic shaping and have no choke points in their routing. I gave up running a local DNS server because their DNS servers are faster than anything I can build, even though mine are on my local network and their's are 2 hops away. I have yet to find a route to anywhere in the world that has congestion at any time of the day, so long as the route stays on their upstream provider's network. Their up stream provider has a strict "no congestion" peering policy, so you will never see a peering link with congestion, though you may see the hop after the peer showing congestion.
It's not the connection speed, it's the quality of everything beyond the connection. My 50mb residential connection feels faster than my work's 10gb connection, which they also use the same company that sold me my 100mb cable.
I got invited, as that or the lottery were the only way to get in. I can't even remember what I used as an email address before then, other than what I got from my University.
Thermodynamics does not apply to the micro scale, only macro scale. Given a system that is a subset of a larger system, that smaller system may reduce entropy, as long as the total entropy of the entire system increases. The most efficient way to get rid of excess energy is to reduce entropy in part of the system. When worded a slight different way, the fastest way to increase entropy in a system is to reduce entropy in select parts of that system.
You could say that life is only a more efficient given certain pressures and temperatures. By definition, conditions that are favorable for life are favorable because life is a more efficient way to increase entropy in those conditions.
How is an infant getting the flu darwin? It's more about luck at that point. What about elderly? They've already reproduced, there's not evolutionary pressure to increase resistance.
There are some good "googlings" about 95th percentile. It's like a median, except instead of the 50% mid-point, you look at the 95%. In the end, transfering 100mb/s 24 hours a day or transferring 100mb/s 1.5 hours per day will land you with the same bill, even if you burst up to 200mb/s for 30 minutes.
3-5 years pay-back sounds about right. After that, the next 95 years that the fiber is still good, how much does it "cost" then? Did you also add in that you can save about 30% on your opex going fiber over copper? Verizon is claiming about $300/customer/year being saved using fiber. Around here, cable has been upgraded about once every 5-8 years. They start sending out the people to upgrade their network and you see equipment everywhere. Why do this same crap every 5 years? Do it ONCE and do it right.
If I had to choose between buying a new $1000 car every 5 years with a $300/year on-going maintenance cost or a $1,500 car with a $0 maintenance cost that only needs to get replaced once every 50-100 years, I might look into that $1500 car. Just saying.
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Seems they have to ground their ONTs because Verizon is run by tards because all metal entering a building must be grounded and Verizon decided to enter a building with metal. My ISP removes the trace line and even strips the jacket prior to entering my house. They have an all plastic flexible coil that completely wraps around the fiber and the fiber could be easily pushed through it. No metal entering the house.
I don't think a single city in the USA has a density that low. The average density of the Universe is less than 1 person per cubic light year. Obviously there is no reason to deploy fiber anywhere.
If all you learned in "French Class" was some French, you may want your money back. I took German because it was a requirement to have 4 credits of foreign language and I learned a lot about the German culture. Not just basic words, but how they differ, why they differ, the history behind a lot of the usages, lots of other random German cultural tidbits.
I don't remember a lot of the raw facts that I learned either, but it dramatically influenced my appreciation and interest in other cultures.
The only thing more expensive than a big fiber network is a big copper network. About every 5-8 years, AT&T, Verizon, and Comcast each spend enough to cover the entire USA in fiber, just to keep their copper networks up to par. That means every 5-8 years, they together spend about 3x the cost to upgrade the USA to all fiber. Fiber has about a 30% lower opex than copper, and opex is about 60% of the cost of a modern ISP. They could reduce their total costs by 15%, and when you're making 5% margins on your revenue, reducing your costs by 20% over all is like quadrupling your net profits.
Modern TCP stacks use the RTT to determine the latency, then adjust the window to sized up to a logical 4GB max. I'm sure most OSes will have a max limit lower than this to not consume all of the memory for a network buffer.
What kind of crap gig ports do you have? 1gb/s is a max of 125MB/s and I can get 114MB/s sustained doing file transfers over SMB on my two 7 year old BestBuy desktops, and that's with my CPU staying below 5% utilization and my switch doesn't support jumbo-frames. Well, I did upgrade them both with SSDs, but that's not the point. The point is any decent NIC can handle full 1gb speeds.
You can purchase 144 strand fiber cables with a single metal tracer built in for $0.40/meter in batches of 1km runs or longer. That's a fraction the cost of a single COAX hardline cable and it's about 1/7th the diameter for the entire cable. You could fit about 130 144 strand fiber cables in the same thickness of a COAX hardline, so about 18,720 fibers. That's enough fiber for at least 18,720 houses or 600,000 houses if using GPON with a 32x split.
you need it mainly to power the repeater
What repeaters? Ever fiber case study I've read talks about having no in-field electrical devices. Modern 1gb fiber ONTs have an 80km range.
I only have a UPS powering my ONT, but I haven't had a land line for over 15 years now. Your direct power sounds a lot more resilient, but 400v DC sounds dangerous. I assume 40v DC?
The fiber conduit I saw my ISP lay had metal trace lines sticking out at the ends so they could be located underground later on. Even the fiber hooked to my house has a large finger thick diameter cord with a metal center, which is cut off at the end points because it serves no purpose other than acting as a trace and giving the fiber. The fiber in the conduit does not have this thick additional piece, only the run between my house and the conduit does.
High density is actually more expensive. It's hard to run new fiber through a large apartment building than a house. The optimal density is lots of small houses or duplexes packed near each other, not 30 story apartments made of concrete.
As with all ISPs, speed means shit:
- Whats the contention ratio, compared to other ISPs in the area?
- How many hops to your favourite website, vs other ISP's?
- How stable is your ping, vs other ISPs?
According to my ISP, 0 contention. Having talked to a senior network engineer, they do not over-subscribe their network in the last mile and they have no middle mile as all connections go strait from your house to their trunk over a dedicated fiber per house.
Well, my ISP does not use any caching of any kind, except DNS, and they have no peering so no CDNs, but my ping to most web pages is about 8ms. In one of my other posts, my ISP's DNS servers give me a cached response time of under 1ms RTT. That is network latency plus processing latency.
Ping stability is about less than 0.5ms std dev during peak hours to any major IX in the USA, including LA, Dallas, Chicago, and New York. My std dev to London, Paris, and Frankfurt is about 2.5ms. If you haven't guessed already, they use Level 3.
The "Rest of America" has an average of just under 10mb/s, so 1000mb is about 100x faster than the average.
Using gigabit Internet, even in its infancy, opened my eyes to speed and reminded me of why I love the Internet
I used to have 100mb cable Internet, but it didn't seem much faster than the 18mb low end cable service. I later switch to another ISP that offered FTTH and markets all residential connections as dedicated bandwidth, not to mention they use dedicated P2P fiber.
This 50mb fiber feels several times faster then my old 100mb cable. My bet it has something to do with my sub RTT 1ms average cached query latency from their DHCP assigned DNS servers(0.000-0.001 according to Steve Gibson's DNS Benchmark program), plus they do no traffic shaping and have no choke points in their routing. I gave up running a local DNS server because their DNS servers are faster than anything I can build, even though mine are on my local network and their's are 2 hops away. I have yet to find a route to anywhere in the world that has congestion at any time of the day, so long as the route stays on their upstream provider's network. Their up stream provider has a strict "no congestion" peering policy, so you will never see a peering link with congestion, though you may see the hop after the peer showing congestion.
It's not the connection speed, it's the quality of everything beyond the connection. My 50mb residential connection feels faster than my work's 10gb connection, which they also use the same company that sold me my 100mb cable.
I have the same feeling about NASA. Big whoop, right? Just mediocre at best.
I got invited, as that or the lottery were the only way to get in. I can't even remember what I used as an email address before then, other than what I got from my University.
Thermodynamics does not apply to the micro scale, only macro scale. Given a system that is a subset of a larger system, that smaller system may reduce entropy, as long as the total entropy of the entire system increases. The most efficient way to get rid of excess energy is to reduce entropy in part of the system. When worded a slight different way, the fastest way to increase entropy in a system is to reduce entropy in select parts of that system.
You could say that life is only a more efficient given certain pressures and temperatures. By definition, conditions that are favorable for life are favorable because life is a more efficient way to increase entropy in those conditions.
Chrome had a bug, stop the presses!
How is an infant getting the flu darwin? It's more about luck at that point. What about elderly? They've already reproduced, there's not evolutionary pressure to increase resistance.
If you die from a 99f fever, you best not go outside in the summer. The point is many people suppress almost all fevers and not just the bad ones.
Drives tend to die in groups. RAID5 isn't the best for that.
There are some good "googlings" about 95th percentile. It's like a median, except instead of the 50% mid-point, you look at the 95%. In the end, transfering 100mb/s 24 hours a day or transferring 100mb/s 1.5 hours per day will land you with the same bill, even if you burst up to 200mb/s for 30 minutes.
3-5 years pay-back sounds about right. After that, the next 95 years that the fiber is still good, how much does it "cost" then? Did you also add in that you can save about 30% on your opex going fiber over copper? Verizon is claiming about $300/customer/year being saved using fiber. Around here, cable has been upgraded about once every 5-8 years. They start sending out the people to upgrade their network and you see equipment everywhere. Why do this same crap every 5 years? Do it ONCE and do it right.
If I had to choose between buying a new $1000 car every 5 years with a $300/year on-going maintenance cost or a $1,500 car with a $0 maintenance cost that only needs to get replaced once every 50-100 years, I might look into that $1500 car. Just saying.
And about $0.40/meter for a 144 strand fiber cable. With all of the overhead costs, the fiber part is cheap.