About 70% of the energy in the power plant's fuel is lost to generation and distribution losses by the time it reaches the end-user in the form of electricity.
Contrary to popular belief, most federal agencies don't have steamer trunks full of cash in the basement, in case they need to buy some more $900 toilet seats. Just putting a PC on everyone's desk with a LAN connection is either a still a goal or a recent accomplishment at many agencies.
There are a substantial number of closed Internets that are used for handling classified or mission critical information.
Generic Internet access is still classified as not being mission critical, even though the government is rapidly becoming more dependent on email and services/information delivered over the web.
To disable a criminal/terrorist you need to disrupt their central nervous system. A bullet in the brain is ideal. A laser would mostly cause external injuries, such as burns and possibly blindness.
It doesn't make much of a difference. Enough energy is absorbed to heat up the skin of the missile, which makes it less reflective, which causes it to heat up even more, etc.
It's a huge public works project in Boston that is supposed to fix all of the city's traffic problems. It includes things like moving highways underground and adding a control center.
The other problem is that all applications block on reads.
That depends on the operating system. Operating systems with proper asynchronous I/O support allow applications to issue non-blocking reads. I used to make extensive use of non-blocking reads and writes when I wrote applications for DEC operating systems.
It doesn't matter if noone responds to the spam. Many spammers get paid for spamming on the behalf of others. As long as there are suckers who believe that you can "get rich quick" by advertising on the Internet, there will be spammers willing to take their money.
Just think of all the money making scams that are advertised on late-night television. Those crooks have been selling the same snake-oil for years.
I heard a similar story about the Arpanet (pre-IP). A hardware problem with one of the IMPs (interface message processor) resulted in it broadcasting a bogus routing table announcing zero delay to everywhere. This did very bad things to the network.
This is one of the reasons that checksums were added to IP. Your fancy NIC may CRC check everything "on the wire", but that doesn't catch errors caused by hardware problems inside the box.
The root servers are responsible for providing the IP addresses of the name servers for the top-level domains such as.com,.edu,.org. If you want the IP address for slashdot.org, you ask the root nameserver for the IP address of the nameserver responsible for.org, you then ask the.org nameserver for the IP address of slashdot.org.
I lost the data from an old UNIX system when the hard drive died, even though I had regularly backed up the system to multiple backup sets on 8" floppy disks, with write verification enabled. After I installed a new hard drive and attempted to restore the data, I discovered that the backup sets were hopelessly corrupt. It turned out that there were some stuck bits in the floppy controller's track select logic. This resulted in data being written to a semi-random subset of tracks on the floppy disks. The write verification didn't catch the problem, since each track was written and verified before the next track was selected.
I ran into this attitude from Microsoft when I reported a serious bug in one of their compilers. They acknowledged the existence of the bug and said it would not be fixed. The developers were busy writing code for new products and they saw no profit in assigning developers to fix bugs in products that had already shipped. At least they were honest about it.
The raw link BER my be poor, but that may not be what the user sees. I've worked at places that had 56K international data circuits through Intelsat and DOMSAT earth stations and satellites. From what I remember, the earth stations used special satellite modems to provide the digital data link through the analog spacecraft transponder. The only problems we had with the BER on the circuits was when the Sun was in alignment with the satellite, which increased the noise floor and temporarily interrupted the circuit.
Roughly 75% of American households subscribe to a multichannel programming service like cable or DBS. The numbers for over-the-air reception increase when you look at second and third television sets.
The zmodem protocol and TCP have similarities in that they allow X bytes of unacked data to be streamed before the transmitter pauses. X has to be large enough to compensate for the bandwidth-delay product on the communications link. With TCP, this is done by setting the receive window in the receiver's TCP stack to an appropriate value.
I recently ordered a book that was originally published about 20 years ago by Artech House Publishers. When I received the book, I was surprised to see that it had been printed on-demand, as part of the publisher's "In-Print Forever" program. The quality of the printing and binding was not noticably different than that of a mass-produced book.
Geocities web pages may be exactly what a future historian is interested in. They tell you something about the common culture and people. Why do you think archaeologists are so fond of ancient trash dumps?
The Ariane did not start out with a wonderful reliability record. I remember once joking that Ariane customers could save millions of dollars by hiring a barge and dumping their satellites into the ocean by themselves. It took a while to get the bugs out of the system. This is normal for any new launch vehicle.
Journals that publish sensitive information, say how to create copies of the Ebola virus with equipment found in any college biology lab, could restrict distribution to legitimate researchers at trustworthy companies and instititions.
The recipient's mail server would refuse to accept any email that did not have a valid stamp. There would be a stamp server that would issue, validate and cancel stamps. A stamp would only be valid for a single message. after which it would be automatically cancelled. A spammer would have to buy a large quantity of stamps, with money, CPU cycles, or some other limited resource.
It isn't fair or accurate to judge the actions of the United States in the war with Japan with a post-war perspective that assumes that the decision-makers knew the future course of history. The atomic bomb was considered to be a weapon. It didn't have the post-war mystique of being something strange and terrible. When it was used on Japan, there was no expectation that the mere fact of its use would result in Japan's surrender. The Allies had become all too familiar with the Japanese attitude towards military defeat and surrender in the Pacific campaign. If the majority of the Japanese population had decided that they would rather die than surrender, it wouldn't have surprised anyone. Many people expected that it would take an invasion of the home islands and the effective annihilation of Japanese society to end the war. The goal of the United States was to end the war as quickly as possible with as few American casualties as possible. The atomic bomb was just another weapon to be applied towards that end. Serious consideration was also given to the widespread use of chemical weapons in the planning for the invasion of Japan.
Hiroshima and Nagasaki were valid military and industrial targets. The presence of large numbers of civilians did not render them immune from attack. The structure of Japanese society and industry blurred the distinctions between civilian society and the military/industrial complex.
Slashdot Mirror
Every transmitter that you add increases the noise floor. There is no free lunch.
About 70% of the energy in the power plant's fuel is lost to generation and distribution losses by the time it reaches the end-user in the form of electricity.
Contrary to popular belief, most federal agencies don't have steamer trunks full of cash in the basement, in case they need to buy some more $900 toilet seats. Just putting a PC on everyone's desk with a LAN connection is either a still a goal or a recent accomplishment at many agencies. There are a substantial number of closed Internets that are used for handling classified or mission critical information. Generic Internet access is still classified as not being mission critical, even though the government is rapidly becoming more dependent on email and services/information delivered over the web.
"Sassy" is already taken. Shugart Associates System Interface (SASI), the predecessor of SCSI.
The design of the basic Smith & Wesson revolver hasn't changed much in the last 100+ years. They may not be "cool" but they work when needed.
To disable a criminal/terrorist you need to disrupt their central nervous system. A bullet in the brain is ideal. A laser would mostly cause external injuries, such as burns and possibly blindness.
It doesn't make much of a difference. Enough energy is absorbed to heat up the skin of the missile, which makes it less reflective, which causes it to heat up even more, etc.
It is theoretically possible to be an adult without a SSN, although it would make life very difficult.
It's a huge public works project in Boston that is supposed to fix all of the city's traffic problems. It includes things like moving highways underground and adding a control center.
Don't worry, the sound goes away when you get older.
That depends on the operating system. Operating systems with proper asynchronous I/O support allow applications to issue non-blocking reads. I used to make extensive use of non-blocking reads and writes when I wrote applications for DEC operating systems.
It doesn't matter if noone responds to the spam. Many spammers get paid for spamming on the behalf of others. As long as there are suckers who believe that you can "get rich quick" by advertising on the Internet, there will be spammers willing to take their money. Just think of all the money making scams that are advertised on late-night television. Those crooks have been selling the same snake-oil for years.
This is one of the reasons that checksums were added to IP. Your fancy NIC may CRC check everything "on the wire", but that doesn't catch errors caused by hardware problems inside the box.
The root servers are responsible for providing the IP addresses of the name servers for the top-level domains such as .com, .edu, .org. If you want the IP address for slashdot.org, you ask the root nameserver for the IP address of the nameserver responsible for .org, you then ask the .org nameserver for the IP address of slashdot.org.
I lost the data from an old UNIX system when the hard drive died, even though I had regularly backed up the system to multiple backup sets on 8" floppy disks, with write verification enabled. After I installed a new hard drive and attempted to restore the data, I discovered that the backup sets were hopelessly corrupt. It turned out that there were some stuck bits in the floppy controller's track select logic. This resulted in data being written to a semi-random subset of tracks on the floppy disks. The write verification didn't catch the problem, since each track was written and verified before the next track was selected.
I ran into this attitude from Microsoft when I reported a serious bug in one of their compilers. They acknowledged the existence of the bug and said it would not be fixed. The developers were busy writing code for new products and they saw no profit in assigning developers to fix bugs in products that had already shipped. At least they were honest about it.
The raw link BER my be poor, but that may not be what the user sees. I've worked at places that had 56K international data circuits through Intelsat and DOMSAT earth stations and satellites. From what I remember, the earth stations used special satellite modems to provide the digital data link through the analog spacecraft transponder. The only problems we had with the BER on the circuits was when the Sun was in alignment with the satellite, which increased the noise floor and temporarily interrupted the circuit.
Roughly 75% of American households subscribe to a multichannel programming service like cable or DBS. The numbers for over-the-air reception increase when you look at second and third television sets.
The zmodem protocol and TCP have similarities in that they allow X bytes of unacked data to be streamed before the transmitter pauses. X has to be large enough to compensate for the bandwidth-delay product on the communications link. With TCP, this is done by setting the receive window in the receiver's TCP stack to an appropriate value.
I recently ordered a book that was originally published about 20 years ago by Artech House Publishers. When I received the book, I was surprised to see that it had been printed on-demand, as part of the publisher's "In-Print Forever" program. The quality of the printing and binding was not noticably different than that of a mass-produced book.
Geocities web pages may be exactly what a future historian is interested in. They tell you something about the common culture and people. Why do you think archaeologists are so fond of ancient trash dumps?
The Ariane did not start out with a wonderful reliability record. I remember once joking that Ariane customers could save millions of dollars by hiring a barge and dumping their satellites into the ocean by themselves. It took a while to get the bugs out of the system. This is normal for any new launch vehicle.
Journals that publish sensitive information, say how to create copies of the Ebola virus with equipment found in any college biology lab, could restrict distribution to legitimate researchers at trustworthy companies and instititions.
The recipient's mail server would refuse to accept any email that did not have a valid stamp. There would be a stamp server that would issue, validate and cancel stamps. A stamp would only be valid for a single message. after which it would be automatically cancelled. A spammer would have to buy a large quantity of stamps, with money, CPU cycles, or some other limited resource.
Hiroshima and Nagasaki were valid military and industrial targets. The presence of large numbers of civilians did not render them immune from attack. The structure of Japanese society and industry blurred the distinctions between civilian society and the military/industrial complex.