Kessler took into account that collisions are unlikely and that they won't produce the same kind of debris. And both don't matter to the outcome for some statistically unintuitive reasons.
When two objects collide, there will be an increase in debris. It might only be a few crumbs, or it might be a spectacular cloud of new debris, it doesn't matter. What matters is that the outcome of the collision increased the likelyhood of further collsisions in the whole system. This is known as a runaway feedback loop, and traditional statistics don't tell you much about how these go. The reason is that they're unstable, chaotic systems, much like the weather. Statistics can't tell you next weeks weather because it can't model chaotic systems. Chaotic systems that include feedback have a particularly nasty habit of "tipping over". That is, they look normal and noncritical right up to the point where they become wild runaway feedback loops.
Two objects colliding have a separating velocity, and for certain, their separating velocity (and energy) after collision is reduced. However that does not mean that the energy is reduced for the whole system much. For a third object (subject to a later collision) is not affected by the change of energy in the previous system. The amount of energy removed from the entire system is proportional to the fraction of energy that one collision of two objects represents. I.e. every collision only removes a very tiny fraction of energy from the system.
It's theorized that this is a possibility where collisions between space debris produce more debris and rise the likelyhood of further collisions. This would lead to a rapid feedback loop as collisions cascade.
This would likely render space travel impossible for the next couple thousand years.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kessler_syndrome
As anybody can see from my CV ( http://codeflow.org/ ) I used to work for DWS. This was a little serverside company sister to Secure Digitial Container, the company the patent comes from that was later bought (together with DWS) by PacketVideo.
I liked working for DWS, they where a small and quirky company with good people. DWS/SDC never sued anybody for this patent, it was mainly a bargaining chip to impress clients. Mind the patent is about DRM, specifically, it's about polymorphic DRM (that is the variant that delivers its own encryption/decryption/obfuscation code together with the content).
Sidenote: DWS/SDC where far flung leftovers of Napster.
But then the inevitable happened, the companies got bought by PacketVideo. The founder/investor and the then CEO (a superb business drummer, though no techie) left the company and American management took over.
During my work there, I was increasingly troubled by the DRM side of business. Eventually I left (and I'd have probably been fired if I didn't), mostly for reasons where management differed with my idea of efficiency and quality. I traveled around the world and I started freelancing, and I can't say it was a bad decision, has been a good life since.
I'm not surprised that PacketVideo eventually started suing people for the patents they hold. It's a small and troubled company that's been struggling for years to "get it right", and as they probably increasingly run out of funds to keep the fiction alive, it gets ever more tempting to cash in some quick buck simply by virtue of sitting on patents you've acquired.
Geeze you're clueless. It doesn't matter if you're powering a flywheel or charging a more conventional capacitator. After you discharge that thing, the energy's gone, and you have to put new energy in. The usual way to use it is to accumulate energy into it over a longer time, in order to quickly discharge it. You usually do that if you have an energy application that requires more power then you can produce in-situ per unit of time.
The reagan star-wars programme had at least the advantage of being able to hook up directly to the power grid, you know, where several large-scale nuclear reactors pump energy in. On a ship however, the level best you're going to get is a naval reactor, and while powerful, it's no technomiracle, it's power-output is strictly limited. And I guarantee you, powering a laser able to punch trough reflectively painted tungsten steel across dozens or hundreds of kilometers of atmosphere, is way beyond even the power output capabilities of a naval nuclear reactor.
Ok, so let's speculate that they can output a continous masered high energy beam. So the unit to produce that beam will be really large, and hence, can't swivel quickly. So you need a refractor/reflector of sorts to aim it. Only issue is, at energies sufficient to burn trough basic armored steel (and no word about reflective paint), even minute devitations from 100% reflective or 100% transparent, will render any such reflector/refractor quickly useless. So after every couple of seconds of continous firing you'll have to exchange that thing, or risk it burning trough and punching random holes into your own vessel.
Also, naturally you can miss, no target aquisition is 100% accurate, and then there's also refraction in air, sea movement and so on, not to say anything about multiple incoming projectiles.
Shooting down incoming projectiles? Good luck if the first shot misses, since you'll probably have to wait minutes for the capacitor to reload. And there's probably just one unit per ship because you'd need a nuclear reactor to power it.
Shooting at other ships? You need lasers for somali pirates, really? Oh, I see, you want to shoot at other seagoing warships with that? Good luck with that, since your run off the mill modern naval warfare is a "behind the horizon" kind of affair, I wanna see that laser shoot trough the horizon...
You want to shoot at submarines with that? (dude, I won't even go there with whats wrong trying to shoot a laser trough a randomly refracting barrier into a really light absorbing medium).
You want to shoot down satellites? Sure, you could do it with that, though, why do you need a laser on a *ship* for that? You know, satellites, they go round-n-round the earth, just wait until you have it in your sights...
Shoot at targets on land? I don't know if you've heard this, but there's a thing called "coast" and a thing called "curvature of earth", and absolutely most fat&juicy targets on land try to squat in inaccessible hilly or mountainous terrain, far, far inland. So, I want to see that thing shoot trough a horizon made of dozens of kilometers of solid rock.
Really, it's bloddy useless, unless you need to compare dick sizes with whatever other military feels compelled to do that. I hope it helps your self esteem dear US navy.
So Phong is "right" for the probe, because it incidentally matches what they're seeing better? Alright, I propose a better solution, how about we invent some imaginary matter with exotic properties permeating the space, but that can't be seen, which incidentally has exactly the right properties to fit the measured data?
Saying Phong is right after fitting the calculated data to the measured data just suspect.
Clearly this problem needs more effort to solve conclusively. For this purpose I'd propose constructing a probe that's as close to perfectly spherical as you can get, with a surface that's carefully adjusted to be perfectly diffuse according to the phong model, and which includes self-measuring capabilities (something like retractable cameras) to measure their own reflective properties after prolonged exposure to the solar medium.
Well, being the king of the hill is hard. So if Apple stops to deliver superiority over the competition, reality distortion field not withstanding, what point would there be to buy them?
Because if you're going to intentionally slow down your own platform, and hence, making your own platform inferior to others using the very same browser and JS engine, what you get is a very nice opening for the competition to claim superiority over you (and by rights they shall, since you suck).
Ta-da: Apple's 101 on how to shoot yourself in the foot.
So first they back ideas to introduce total internet data retention, surveillance, tracking and killswitch control in order to fight pirates. Then they back ideas about better privacy? What sort of morons make decisions in the white house?
You sir made me cry of laughing. Anyway, the thing is called "land speed record", not "car speed record" for a reason. The reason being it doesn't matter how impractical or exotic you propell your vehicle (go ahead, use a warp-chamber and antimatter if you want), it qualifies as being a "land vehicle" as long as it doesn't lift off perceptibly. So if you managed to strap wheels to the USS-Enterprise NCC something and made it run a mile at warp 9, that would qualify as "land speed record".
So just hypothetically speaking, wouldn't it be easier to just strap yourself in front of one giant single propellant rocket booster on wheels then mucking about with a gazillion moving parts machinery in the middle of a dusty desert?
So the job of the 800 break horse power internal combustion engine is to deliver fuel into the rocket engine (not the jet engine). But the rocket is a solid fuel booster (essentially a glorified fireworks motor). Err wait, what? What do you need a fuel pump for a solid fuel rocket booster?
About the only one I really needed was firebug, and that comes builtin for chrome, and stuff like adblock etc. there's plenty going around for chrome, even the web-developer toolbar has been ported (not that I need that much).
I've got both chrome and firefox on my 'buntu, and I can't be bothered to use FF, it's so slow I get the killall firefox reflex everytime I attempt to use FF.
Slashdot Mirror
It's different because it's posted 48 hours later.
Only until disney rolls out 3d printers for every kid and to the next defcon where they hack the firmware.
... and you shall see more profits again.
I believe the summary said that they where hiding signals by not sending any...
Kessler took into account that collisions are unlikely and that they won't produce the same kind of debris. And both don't matter to the outcome for some statistically unintuitive reasons. When two objects collide, there will be an increase in debris. It might only be a few crumbs, or it might be a spectacular cloud of new debris, it doesn't matter. What matters is that the outcome of the collision increased the likelyhood of further collsisions in the whole system. This is known as a runaway feedback loop, and traditional statistics don't tell you much about how these go. The reason is that they're unstable, chaotic systems, much like the weather. Statistics can't tell you next weeks weather because it can't model chaotic systems. Chaotic systems that include feedback have a particularly nasty habit of "tipping over". That is, they look normal and noncritical right up to the point where they become wild runaway feedback loops. Two objects colliding have a separating velocity, and for certain, their separating velocity (and energy) after collision is reduced. However that does not mean that the energy is reduced for the whole system much. For a third object (subject to a later collision) is not affected by the change of energy in the previous system. The amount of energy removed from the entire system is proportional to the fraction of energy that one collision of two objects represents. I.e. every collision only removes a very tiny fraction of energy from the system.
It's theorized that this is a possibility where collisions between space debris produce more debris and rise the likelyhood of further collisions. This would lead to a rapid feedback loop as collisions cascade. This would likely render space travel impossible for the next couple thousand years. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kessler_syndrome
As anybody can see from my CV ( http://codeflow.org/ ) I used to work for DWS. This was a little serverside company sister to Secure Digitial Container, the company the patent comes from that was later bought (together with DWS) by PacketVideo.
I liked working for DWS, they where a small and quirky company with good people. DWS/SDC never sued anybody for this patent, it was mainly a bargaining chip to impress clients. Mind the patent is about DRM, specifically, it's about polymorphic DRM (that is the variant that delivers its own encryption/decryption/obfuscation code together with the content).
Sidenote: DWS/SDC where far flung leftovers of Napster.
But then the inevitable happened, the companies got bought by PacketVideo. The founder/investor and the then CEO (a superb business drummer, though no techie) left the company and American management took over.
During my work there, I was increasingly troubled by the DRM side of business. Eventually I left (and I'd have probably been fired if I didn't), mostly for reasons where management differed with my idea of efficiency and quality. I traveled around the world and I started freelancing, and I can't say it was a bad decision, has been a good life since.
I'm not surprised that PacketVideo eventually started suing people for the patents they hold. It's a small and troubled company that's been struggling for years to "get it right", and as they probably increasingly run out of funds to keep the fiction alive, it gets ever more tempting to cash in some quick buck simply by virtue of sitting on patents you've acquired.
Geeze you're clueless. It doesn't matter if you're powering a flywheel or charging a more conventional capacitator. After you discharge that thing, the energy's gone, and you have to put new energy in. The usual way to use it is to accumulate energy into it over a longer time, in order to quickly discharge it. You usually do that if you have an energy application that requires more power then you can produce in-situ per unit of time. The reagan star-wars programme had at least the advantage of being able to hook up directly to the power grid, you know, where several large-scale nuclear reactors pump energy in. On a ship however, the level best you're going to get is a naval reactor, and while powerful, it's no technomiracle, it's power-output is strictly limited. And I guarantee you, powering a laser able to punch trough reflectively painted tungsten steel across dozens or hundreds of kilometers of atmosphere, is way beyond even the power output capabilities of a naval nuclear reactor.
Ok, so let's speculate that they can output a continous masered high energy beam. So the unit to produce that beam will be really large, and hence, can't swivel quickly. So you need a refractor/reflector of sorts to aim it. Only issue is, at energies sufficient to burn trough basic armored steel (and no word about reflective paint), even minute devitations from 100% reflective or 100% transparent, will render any such reflector/refractor quickly useless. So after every couple of seconds of continous firing you'll have to exchange that thing, or risk it burning trough and punching random holes into your own vessel. Also, naturally you can miss, no target aquisition is 100% accurate, and then there's also refraction in air, sea movement and so on, not to say anything about multiple incoming projectiles.
What is the usecase of that thing?
Shooting down incoming projectiles? Good luck if the first shot misses, since you'll probably have to wait minutes for the capacitor to reload. And there's probably just one unit per ship because you'd need a nuclear reactor to power it.
Shooting at other ships? You need lasers for somali pirates, really? Oh, I see, you want to shoot at other seagoing warships with that? Good luck with that, since your run off the mill modern naval warfare is a "behind the horizon" kind of affair, I wanna see that laser shoot trough the horizon...
You want to shoot at submarines with that? (dude, I won't even go there with whats wrong trying to shoot a laser trough a randomly refracting barrier into a really light absorbing medium).
You want to shoot down satellites? Sure, you could do it with that, though, why do you need a laser on a *ship* for that? You know, satellites, they go round-n-round the earth, just wait until you have it in your sights...
Shoot at targets on land? I don't know if you've heard this, but there's a thing called "coast" and a thing called "curvature of earth", and absolutely most fat&juicy targets on land try to squat in inaccessible hilly or mountainous terrain, far, far inland. So, I want to see that thing shoot trough a horizon made of dozens of kilometers of solid rock.
Really, it's bloddy useless, unless you need to compare dick sizes with whatever other military feels compelled to do that. I hope it helps your self esteem dear US navy.
So Phong is "right" for the probe, because it incidentally matches what they're seeing better? Alright, I propose a better solution, how about we invent some imaginary matter with exotic properties permeating the space, but that can't be seen, which incidentally has exactly the right properties to fit the measured data?
Saying Phong is right after fitting the calculated data to the measured data just suspect.
If you look at this wikipedia article for Oren-Nayar, you can see that there's quite a difference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oren%E2%80%93Nayar_reflectance_model
Clearly this problem needs more effort to solve conclusively. For this purpose I'd propose constructing a probe that's as close to perfectly spherical as you can get, with a surface that's carefully adjusted to be perfectly diffuse according to the phong model, and which includes self-measuring capabilities (something like retractable cameras) to measure their own reflective properties after prolonged exposure to the solar medium.
everybody knows that. A much better aproximation to real life surfaces are the Oren–Nayar or Cook-Torrance models of the family of BRDFs.
Well, being the king of the hill is hard. So if Apple stops to deliver superiority over the competition, reality distortion field not withstanding, what point would there be to buy them?
Because if you're going to intentionally slow down your own platform, and hence, making your own platform inferior to others using the very same browser and JS engine, what you get is a very nice opening for the competition to claim superiority over you (and by rights they shall, since you suck). Ta-da: Apple's 101 on how to shoot yourself in the foot.
FTFY 1 - Make movie 2 - Put t on torrent 3 ...
4 - Make a profit suing people
So first they back ideas to introduce total internet data retention, surveillance, tracking and killswitch control in order to fight pirates. Then they back ideas about better privacy? What sort of morons make decisions in the white house?
I have to admit nothing. In fact, you have to admit that imposing stricter laws isn't going to change or solve anything.
You sir made me cry of laughing. Anyway, the thing is called "land speed record", not "car speed record" for a reason. The reason being it doesn't matter how impractical or exotic you propell your vehicle (go ahead, use a warp-chamber and antimatter if you want), it qualifies as being a "land vehicle" as long as it doesn't lift off perceptibly. So if you managed to strap wheels to the USS-Enterprise NCC something and made it run a mile at warp 9, that would qualify as "land speed record".
So just hypothetically speaking, wouldn't it be easier to just strap yourself in front of one giant single propellant rocket booster on wheels then mucking about with a gazillion moving parts machinery in the middle of a dusty desert?
So the job of the 800 break horse power internal combustion engine is to deliver fuel into the rocket engine (not the jet engine). But the rocket is a solid fuel booster (essentially a glorified fireworks motor). Err wait, what? What do you need a fuel pump for a solid fuel rocket booster?
I don't use any FF plugins, obviously :)
About the only one I really needed was firebug, and that comes builtin for chrome, and stuff like adblock etc. there's plenty going around for chrome, even the web-developer toolbar has been ported (not that I need that much).
The iPhone/iPad/ios devices can still not do CSS2 (1998) position: fixed correctly, much to the annoyance of web developers
I've got both chrome and firefox on my 'buntu, and I can't be bothered to use FF, it's so slow I get the killall firefox reflex everytime I attempt to use FF.