Except Windows uses the swap file differently. My system currently has 3.25GB of usable RAM, ~1GB of which is used for "system cache", ~1GB is free, but Windows still use ~640MB of the 1.5GB swap file.
I have exactly 4GB of RAM (with two free DDR1 slots) but 32bit Windows XP only sees 3.25GB. It is enough for me for now and I do not want to format the drive and reinstall Windows (XP64 or 2k3 32 or 2k3 64) because that would mean reinstalling all my apps and that would take a long time (I only reinstall Windows if the current installation is broken beyond repair, but now I have a backup of my system drive so a reinstall seems unlikely:) ).
Yea, but even if you enable 16GB of RAM under 32bit Windows, XP and Vista can only give 2GB of it to photoshop, MAX.
But it would allow me to play new games without having to close Firefox and Opera to free ~1GB of RAM. I could add more RAM if needed and would not have to reinstall Windows either 64bit or the Server version.
This was for nixies, nixies do not have filaments, VFDs do and for them, you can get a transformer that outputs 3VAC.
And you have to use transistors even if the number uses less than 20mA, because when it is unconnected, it has about 100V on it, which I assume the microchip would not like.
Nixies have a common anode, so it's easy to drive them, VFDs have common cathode, so you need another PNP tranbsistor to provide the voltage.
Very simple: for each cathode you will need a MPSA42 transistor and a 1K resistor. Connect the collector of the transistor to the cathode of the nixie, emitter to ground and base through the 1K resistor to your control logic.
I have made a nixie clock that uses counter chips and not some microcontroller. In any case, to get power for a VFD device you probably need a transformer with 3 outputs or 3 separate transformers. You need the anode voltage (depends on the display, probably 35-70VDC), power for your chips (5-12VDC) and power for the filament (usually 3VAC, it is important that this is AC).
For my nixie clock I used two 220V/12V transformers. One takes in 220V from the outlet and transforms it to 12V (power for the chips), the other takes the 12V and transforms it back to about 200V.
The only difficulty I see with VFDs is that hey are common cathode and the counter chips are usually active high so you need two transistors for each element. With nixies you only need one transistor per cathode. On the other hand my nixie clock does not use multiplexing so it has a higher total number of transistors (29).
The store only ships within the US and I live in Europe. Also, the shipping cost would be quite high even if they shipped to Europe.
My 700MHz server has 3 power supplies, while only one or two are required to work, so it can work even if one power supply fails. Also, I bought it for the price of an empty rackmount case (those cases are very expensive).
I can add two more CPUs for it and up to 16GB of RAM. While the RAM (SDR ECC REG) might be more expensive than the new DDR2 (which none of my computers use, my best PC uses DDR1 ECC REG RAM), it would stil be cheaper than a new computer with an expensive case.
Depending on what kind of electronic device you want to modify and the modification you want to do there are ways to do it. For example a lot of people modify audio amplifiers so they sound better (sometimes they replace the caps with some brand name ones and sometimes they almost rebuild it while keeping the case). Also some people replace DACs in their CD players with good (and expensive) ones to get better sound.
The difference is that if I want a program that can edit.doc files I can buy MS Word or I can get OpenOffice for free. They both do the same thing, though the UI is a bit different.
Let's say I want an album from a band I like, for example Queen. I can't really find another band that sings the same songs, even if sounding just a bit differently (like the MSWord and OOWriter is not exactly the same, but very similar). So in this case I can buy the album second hand, buy it new or connect a tape recorder to a radio and wait for the songs to be broadcast.
And yet a lot of people in a lot of companies are using their computers to create and modify Office documents while using an enormous amount of RAM that is 768MB.
See, if your job does not require you to run big applications or read/modify big documents a smaller amount of RAM is sufficient, since you won't be able to use it anyway.
Oh, by the way, mycurrent PC has 4GB of RAM (Windows sees 3.25GB) because I like gaming, but currently with a lot of apps open, there is 1GB of free RAM and 1GB of "system cache". Task manager says that I am now using 2.7GB of RAM+PF, while having open programs such as: firefox with a lot of tabs (500MB RAM), Opera with even more tabs (450MB), 4x computing applications ofr PRimegrid BOINC project (4x 110MB) and some others that use less than 100MB of RAM, such as MS Word 2k3 (15MB) and MS Excel (9MB). My laptop has 1.2GB of RAM and works OK. The only computer I feel RAM shortage on is one of my servers that has 1GB of RAM, but runs VmWare with Windows 2003 as host and guest and pfsense as guest. I would like to run more virtual machines on it, but there is too little RAM and CPU (2x Xeon 700MHz but there are 2 free slots and it supports up to 16GB of RAM).
And about XP 32bit RAM support - this was Microsofts doing, because Windows server 2003 32bit supports up to 16GB of RAM with PAE.
Problem solved... but... if you really depend on propietary x86 programs.... Doesn't that worry you at all?
Why should it? I have the programs I need and have a few backups of them. If the company that makes them goes under I'll still have my install disks (and cracks if the program in question uses DRM that would not work if the company was bankrupt).
The fact that the program is open source does not really matter to me, because I cannot modify it. In that case the same can be said about the motherboard of a PC - just grab a soldering iron and modify whatever you want, you'll only void the warranty. But it's too complex (at least for me) to do that. I can fix a simpler device (or even replace bad caps on a motherboard) but not the complex ones. The same can be said about programs (at least in my case). The fact that the program is open source does not mean that it will always be supported, updated etc. Just like when a company goes bankrupt and stops supporting whatever programs they made, an open source program can become abandoned with no one to maintain it.
ARM has an advantage such as lower power consumption, but it also has a huge disadvantage - it does not run x86 programs.
It will be the same situation like with PDAs ~10 years ago.
I want some program, it's available for PC, but not available for Psion.
With this ARM "smartbook", I'll still have to lug around a big laptop to be able to run those programs that the smartbook doesn't. I think that in this regard, I'd rather buy a Fujitsu U810 or equivalent.(17cm x15.5cm x 2.7cm but has Atom and is fully compatible with x86 programs; battery holds for >6 hours).
The wires inside of the walls probably do not radiate as much as the ones strung out between poles, since (brick or concrete block) walls shield RF. A filter should be installed to prevent the RF signal from getting to the long wires outside.
Or, it may be possible to install filters so that the HF signal does not get outside your house, because if it does - you have a few hundred meter long antenna (the wire between the house and the transformer of the neighborhood). People living in flats (as opposed to having their own house) would probably have more problems if a lt of their neighbors started to use powerline networking.
The difference is that the Phenom 2 965 is designed to run at this frequency, while you are overclocking your CPU. It's great when overclocking works, but not all CPUs may be able to do it (I cannot go to a store and buy this CPU thinking that I would run it at 3.4GHz - I may get a CPU that runs OK at the specified frequency but cannot be overclocked much).
And the power consumption isn't that big, my dual Opteron 270 PC probably uses more power (each CPU has TDP of 95W).
This is not an issue with the genetically modified crops, but an issue with the company. The same as there is no issues with movies, just an issue with the MPAA and companies trying to rip their customers off.
stop buying anything musicwise associated with the RIAA.
Well, music and movies are not interchangeable as hardware devices (I want an MP3 player but hate Apple - I'll buy some other MP3 player). If I want that movie, I can either buy it or download it, I can't buy it from somewhere else.
Furthermore, reject the purchase of any media (music, movies, games) that utilize DRM.
That's easier for music, since CDs are still produced and do not have DRM. With movies the only non-DRM formats are CED, laserdisc, VHS and film and you can't buy new movies in those formats. If I want to buy an old movie, I'll buy VHS or laserdisc though.
Don't even go to network television websites (or Hulu, etc.) to watch programs.
I agree - you can record the movie from TV or just go to thepiratebay.
Stop downloading ringtones from (insert your favorite band here) as if they are associated with the RIAA, they're likely getting royalties.
This has always puzzled me. While some time ago cell phones could only play their specific ringtone formats and later MIDI files, the ringtone provider was necessary. Now my cell phone can play a mp3 file as a ringtone (probably all 4year old Nokia phones can), so there is no reason to buy a ringtone, you can make one yourself by (optionally) editing the mp3 file of the song and then copying it to the cellphone. I recorded the sounds that a dialup modem makes when connecting and use those as my ringtone.
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Except Windows uses the swap file differently. My system currently has 3.25GB of usable RAM, ~1GB of which is used for "system cache", ~1GB is free, but Windows still use ~640MB of the 1.5GB swap file.
I have exactly 4GB of RAM (with two free DDR1 slots) but 32bit Windows XP only sees 3.25GB. It is enough for me for now and I do not want to format the drive and reinstall Windows (XP64 or 2k3 32 or 2k3 64) because that would mean reinstalling all my apps and that would take a long time (I only reinstall Windows if the current installation is broken beyond repair, but now I have a backup of my system drive so a reinstall seems unlikely :) ).
Yea, but even if you enable 16GB of RAM under 32bit Windows, XP and Vista can only give 2GB of it to photoshop, MAX.
But it would allow me to play new games without having to close Firefox and Opera to free ~1GB of RAM. I could add more RAM if needed and would not have to reinstall Windows either 64bit or the Server version.
This was for nixies, nixies do not have filaments, VFDs do and for them, you can get a transformer that outputs 3VAC.
And you have to use transistors even if the number uses less than 20mA, because when it is unconnected, it has about 100V on it, which I assume the microchip would not like.
Nixies have a common anode, so it's easy to drive them, VFDs have common cathode, so you need another PNP tranbsistor to provide the voltage.
I would suggest Magneto-Optical disks. The ones I have are good for 50 years (or so it says on the box).
Very simple: for each cathode you will need a MPSA42 transistor and a 1K resistor. Connect the collector of the transistor to the cathode of the nixie, emitter to ground and base through the 1K resistor to your control logic.
Here's the schematic: http://img175.imageshack.us/img175/9999/nixie.gif
I have made a nixie clock that uses counter chips and not some microcontroller. In any case, to get power for a VFD device you probably need a transformer with 3 outputs or 3 separate transformers. You need the anode voltage (depends on the display, probably 35-70VDC), power for your chips (5-12VDC) and power for the filament (usually 3VAC, it is important that this is AC).
For my nixie clock I used two 220V/12V transformers. One takes in 220V from the outlet and transforms it to 12V (power for the chips), the other takes the 12V and transforms it back to about 200V.
The only difficulty I see with VFDs is that hey are common cathode and the counter chips are usually active high so you need two transistors for each element. With nixies you only need one transistor per cathode. On the other hand my nixie clock does not use multiplexing so it has a higher total number of transistors (29).
The store only ships within the US and I live in Europe. Also, the shipping cost would be quite high even if they shipped to Europe.
My 700MHz server has 3 power supplies, while only one or two are required to work, so it can work even if one power supply fails. Also, I bought it for the price of an empty rackmount case (those cases are very expensive).
I can add two more CPUs for it and up to 16GB of RAM. While the RAM (SDR ECC REG) might be more expensive than the new DDR2 (which none of my computers use, my best PC uses DDR1 ECC REG RAM), it would stil be cheaper than a new computer with an expensive case.
a = F/m
F = (the force with which sunlight pushes the sail) - (the force with which the sun pulls the sail back)
Depending on what kind of electronic device you want to modify and the modification you want to do there are ways to do it. For example a lot of people modify audio amplifiers so they sound better (sometimes they replace the caps with some brand name ones and sometimes they almost rebuild it while keeping the case). Also some people replace DACs in their CD players with good (and expensive) ones to get better sound.
The difference is that if I want a program that can edit .doc files I can buy MS Word or I can get OpenOffice for free. They both do the same thing, though the UI is a bit different.
Let's say I want an album from a band I like, for example Queen. I can't really find another band that sings the same songs, even if sounding just a bit differently (like the MSWord and OOWriter is not exactly the same, but very similar). So in this case I can buy the album second hand, buy it new or connect a tape recorder to a radio and wait for the songs to be broadcast.
RAM has just gotten to be SO cheap
And yet a lot of people in a lot of companies are using their computers to create and modify Office documents while using an enormous amount of RAM that is 768MB.
See, if your job does not require you to run big applications or read/modify big documents a smaller amount of RAM is sufficient, since you won't be able to use it anyway.
Oh, by the way, mycurrent PC has 4GB of RAM (Windows sees 3.25GB) because I like gaming, but currently with a lot of apps open, there is 1GB of free RAM and 1GB of "system cache". Task manager says that I am now using 2.7GB of RAM+PF, while having open programs such as: firefox with a lot of tabs (500MB RAM), Opera with even more tabs (450MB), 4x computing applications ofr PRimegrid BOINC project (4x 110MB) and some others that use less than 100MB of RAM, such as MS Word 2k3 (15MB) and MS Excel (9MB).
My laptop has 1.2GB of RAM and works OK. The only computer I feel RAM shortage on is one of my servers that has 1GB of RAM, but runs VmWare with Windows 2003 as host and guest and pfsense as guest. I would like to run more virtual machines on it, but there is too little RAM and CPU (2x Xeon 700MHz but there are 2 free slots and it supports up to 16GB of RAM).
And about XP 32bit RAM support - this was Microsofts doing, because Windows server 2003 32bit supports up to 16GB of RAM with PAE.
I would want to do that. In that case, I would not have to bring my normal sized laptop to do calculations that are
1) Complex enough so I can't use calc.exe or Wolfram alpha.
and
2) Simple enough so that I can enter them using a computer with a small screen.
Problem solved... but... if you really depend on propietary x86 programs.... Doesn't that worry you at all?
Why should it? I have the programs I need and have a few backups of them. If the company that makes them goes under I'll still have my install disks (and cracks if the program in question uses DRM that would not work if the company was bankrupt).
The fact that the program is open source does not really matter to me, because I cannot modify it. In that case the same can be said about the motherboard of a PC - just grab a soldering iron and modify whatever you want, you'll only void the warranty. But it's too complex (at least for me) to do that. I can fix a simpler device (or even replace bad caps on a motherboard) but not the complex ones. The same can be said about programs (at least in my case).
The fact that the program is open source does not mean that it will always be supported, updated etc. Just like when a company goes bankrupt and stops supporting whatever programs they made, an open source program can become abandoned with no one to maintain it.
Is there a Mathcad (one program off the top of my head) equivalent for Linux and/or ARM?
ARM has an advantage such as lower power consumption, but it also has a huge disadvantage - it does not run x86 programs.
It will be the same situation like with PDAs ~10 years ago.
I want some program, it's available for PC, but not available for Psion.
With this ARM "smartbook", I'll still have to lug around a big laptop to be able to run those programs that the smartbook doesn't. I think that in this regard, I'd rather buy a Fujitsu U810 or equivalent.(17cm x15.5cm x 2.7cm but has Atom and is fully compatible with x86 programs; battery holds for >6 hours).
well, for some reason WiFi has problems if there is more than one wall between the AP and my laptop. So I thought maybe bricks weaken the RF signal...
So they can use cables (or WiFi) for their network if the powerline network interferes with their radios.
The wires inside of the walls probably do not radiate as much as the ones strung out between poles, since (brick or concrete block) walls shield RF. A filter should be installed to prevent the RF signal from getting to the long wires outside.
Change the frequency of the powerline networking?
Or, it may be possible to install filters so that the HF signal does not get outside your house, because if it does - you have a few hundred meter long antenna (the wire between the house and the transformer of the neighborhood). People living in flats (as opposed to having their own house) would probably have more problems if a lt of their neighbors started to use powerline networking.
The difference is that the Phenom 2 965 is designed to run at this frequency, while you are overclocking your CPU. It's great when overclocking works, but not all CPUs may be able to do it (I cannot go to a store and buy this CPU thinking that I would run it at 3.4GHz - I may get a CPU that runs OK at the specified frequency but cannot be overclocked much).
And the power consumption isn't that big, my dual Opteron 270 PC probably uses more power (each CPU has TDP of 95W).
At that temperature it's cooler than my dual Opteron 270 setup which runs at ~60 degrees on full load (when the room is at 21 degrees).
This is not an issue with the genetically modified crops, but an issue with the company. The same as there is no issues with movies, just an issue with the MPAA and companies trying to rip their customers off.
stop buying anything musicwise associated with the RIAA.
Well, music and movies are not interchangeable as hardware devices (I want an MP3 player but hate Apple - I'll buy some other MP3 player). If I want that movie, I can either buy it or download it, I can't buy it from somewhere else.
Furthermore, reject the purchase of any media (music, movies, games) that utilize DRM.
That's easier for music, since CDs are still produced and do not have DRM. With movies the only non-DRM formats are CED, laserdisc, VHS and film and you can't buy new movies in those formats. If I want to buy an old movie, I'll buy VHS or laserdisc though.
Don't even go to network television websites (or Hulu, etc.) to watch programs.
I agree - you can record the movie from TV or just go to thepiratebay.
Stop downloading ringtones from (insert your favorite band here) as if they are associated with the RIAA, they're likely getting royalties.
This has always puzzled me. While some time ago cell phones could only play their specific ringtone formats and later MIDI files, the ringtone provider was necessary. Now my cell phone can play a mp3 file as a ringtone (probably all 4year old Nokia phones can), so there is no reason to buy a ringtone, you can make one yourself by (optionally) editing the mp3 file of the song and then copying it to the cellphone. I recorded the sounds that a dialup modem makes when connecting and use those as my ringtone.
And that's why, if I want to buy an old movie, I'll buy a laserdisc. No DRM whatsoever.
Too bad they stopped producing LDs in ~2000.