But the Nyquist is worded that way because that is how Science works. You cannot scientifically claim that there will never be any differences because with a better test they might be detected but you can claim that if you do not fulfil the requirements (i.e double the Nyquist frequency) there will be differences because those existing differences can be measured.
The CDs have to have some production quality issues for that to happen, i.e the plastic sheeting have to leak air into the aluminum layer or there where air locked in there during manufacturing. It occurred more often on DVDs due to their dual layers making the discs slightly harder to manufacture in this regard. I have CDs that is over 27 years old and have yet to see any rot in any of them.
And you get to funny situations like this where a console game sounds better than the CD due to shitty mastering of the CD: https://mastering-media.blogsp...
The SACD however probably sounded better due to the very same reason that these new Vinyl releases sounds better than the CD releases; better mastering. E. Brad Meyer and David R. Moran performed tests back in 2007 for the "JAES 55(9) September 2007" where they via a ABX switch played either the SACD/DVD-A high resolution disc directly for A and then feed it thorugh a 16-bit 44.1Khz ADC -> DAC loop for B and the result was:
Claims both published and anecdotal are regularly made for audibly superior sound quality for two-channel audio encoded with longer word lengths and/or at higher sampling rates than the 16-bit/44.1-kHz CD standard. The authors report on a series of double-blind tests comparing the analog output of high-resolution players playing high-resolution recordings with the same signal passed through a 16-bit/44.1-kHz "bottleneck." The tests were conducted for over a year using different systems and a variety of subjects. The systems included expensive professional monitors and one high-end system with electrostatic loudspeakers and expensive components and cables. The subjects included professional recording engineers, students in a university recording program, and dedicated audiophiles. The test results show that the CD-quality A/D/A loop was undetectable at normal-to-loud listening levels, by any of the subjects, on any of the playback systems. The noise of the CD-quality loop was audible only at very elevated levels.
No there is no approximation. If your sound source is playing within 0-22Khz and a dynamic range at 0-96dB then a 16-bit 44Khz digitized medium such as a CD can reproduce any signals from that source with 100% accuracy. You might then argue that "but what if there is some signal between two samples, then those are missed!", well yes but if there are signals between two samples then those are from frequencies above 22Khz.
Another thing to take home that many of the "analogue is king" crowd tends to overlook is that the PCM data that you see in a sampling editor is not what will be sent to your speakers when played back. In the DAC the original sine waves (from the source to the ADC) will be recreated exactly by applying what is called the sine sinc to the samples.
Looks like it's faster in hardware currently which makes sense for credit-cards and other low power systems. Judging from the benchmarks done it looks like Skein was the fastest however (but this of course benched with software and not hardware). https://bench.cr.yp.to/results...
While SHA-3 might be faster than SHA-2, something that is imho unknown, it was not one of the criteria when the competition for SHA-3 began. http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST...
Or use Firefox on them since Firefox uses it's own crypto library and not the Windows supplied one. Still leaves you with the problem of Windows Updates but all packages are signed there, don't know how they sign them though if they use SHA1 there as well or if they do something else.
Because SHA-3 was not meant to be a replacement for SHA-2. The reason for SHA-3 was to implement a hash that have a completely different design than that of SHA-1 and SHA-2 so that if we ever would see a problem with SHA-2 then it could be replaced by SHA-3 immediately. So SHA-3 is a backup.
yes, where the service is hosted is unimportant since the US government always can put you into troubles since you are a resident citizen of the US. Because it's not the servers that are thrown into jail for not complying with the warrant.
There is no such duty since this is not a case nor a trail, this is "preliminary investigation", which is something that a prosecutor in Sweden does in order to determine whether there are grounds for actually bringing a case to trail or not. And the reason for there being no speedy trial is of course due to Assange hiding in the Ecuadorian embassy.
There have not been a long row of prosecutors involved, senior or not, in this case. The initial case where lowered from rape to sexual molestation by Eva Finné who is an ordinary prosecutor. Marianne Ny who is the one who raised the allegations from molestation back to rape is the senior one since she is a "överåklagare" (higher prosecutor). It's true though that she received criticism from the Court of Appeal that she had not done enough to speed things up, which is far from "acknowledge that her tactics considered of delay after delay".
They have not broken any laws in Sweden. A prosecutor can take a case to trail without the consent of any victims. And I'm quite sure that this is not unique to Sweden either since it for example would be impossible to take a murderer to trail (since the victim is now dead and thus cannot decide whether to press charges or not).
According to https://www.vardfokus.se/webbn... there have been roughly 50 ambulances involved in accidents since 2010, so roughly 11 accidents per year. How many of these where caused by people not paying attention to the ambulance or not it does not say, also it does not say anything about collateral crashes since it only lists the amount of actual ambulances that have crashed.
No it's not muddled, if you have legal presence in a place you have to comply with the laws of the place. The reason Uber manages to dodge some of the bullets fired at them is because they have no legal presence in the place, it's the drivers that do and thus they are the ones getting into trouble. Both Apple and Google want to have physical and thus legal presence in Russia so there is no Uber-like situation here.
And judging by how things went for Kim DotCom, TPB and so forth, Uber might soon find themselves into uncomfortable conditions. Apparently they where involved in over 173 lawsuits just in 2015, that number have probably increased over the last year.
And they are currently fighting how many lawsuits and outright bans from various countries? From the looks of it both Apple and Google want to take part of the Russian market so of course they have to obey the local laws there.
The removal of the LinkedIn app from Apples App Store and Google's Play shows the willingness of major internet gatekeepers to comply with individual nations' data-control laws, on both the web and mobile devices.
Since exactly when have any company on earth managed to ignore the existing laws in countries where they operate?
Thanks for the info. One other thing that I wonder is why Microsoft is not doing more about this, not that I think that they have a responsibility to do it but that it would be in their best interest to not tarnish their company name. Since they have a large pool of employees in India as well one would think that they would also have some leverage with politicians and law enforcement (prejudice tells me that corruption is wide spread in India which should work in Microsoft:s favor).
Thanks for the effort but there where no voice recognition software in the early 80s. in particular any machine where "format c:" would be performing anything wouldn’t have had the horsepower needed. I played around with speech recognition in the early 90s and then all the systems could do was to train to your particular voice which was very hit and miss.
I have always wondered if the individuals (aka the Indians) who call from "Windows" and so on actually know that they are taking part in a scam or not. I hope they do considering the amount of verbal abuse I give them every time they try to call but still I do wonder because it would be quite easy to just post job offers to unemployed people and tell them to call these numbers and say these things without ever explaining exactly what they are doing.
And isn't there a cut-off filter in the DACs used by phones/computers to filter out anything above the Nyquist sampling rate? Or is that frequency so high now a days due to oversampling that it's in the ultrasound range?
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But the Nyquist is worded that way because that is how Science works. You cannot scientifically claim that there will never be any differences because with a better test they might be detected but you can claim that if you do not fulfil the requirements (i.e double the Nyquist frequency) there will be differences because those existing differences can be measured.
The CDs have to have some production quality issues for that to happen, i.e the plastic sheeting have to leak air into the aluminum layer or there where air locked in there during manufacturing. It occurred more often on DVDs due to their dual layers making the discs slightly harder to manufacture in this regard. I have CDs that is over 27 years old and have yet to see any rot in any of them.
And you get to funny situations like this where a console game sounds better than the CD due to shitty mastering of the CD: https://mastering-media.blogsp...
The SACD however probably sounded better due to the very same reason that these new Vinyl releases sounds better than the CD releases; better mastering. E. Brad Meyer and David R. Moran performed tests back in 2007 for the "JAES 55(9) September 2007" where they via a ABX switch played either the SACD/DVD-A high resolution disc directly for A and then feed it thorugh a 16-bit 44.1Khz ADC -> DAC loop for B and the result was:
Claims both published and anecdotal are regularly made for audibly superior sound quality for two-channel audio encoded with longer word lengths and/or at higher sampling rates than the 16-bit/44.1-kHz CD standard. The authors report on a series of double-blind tests comparing the analog output of high-resolution players playing high-resolution recordings with the same signal passed through a 16-bit/44.1-kHz "bottleneck." The tests were conducted for over a year using different systems and a variety of subjects. The systems included expensive professional monitors and one high-end system with electrostatic loudspeakers and expensive components and cables. The subjects included professional recording engineers, students in a university recording program, and dedicated audiophiles. The test results show that the CD-quality A/D/A loop was undetectable at normal-to-loud listening levels, by any of the subjects, on any of the playback systems. The noise of the CD-quality loop was audible only at very elevated levels.
No there is no approximation. If your sound source is playing within 0-22Khz and a dynamic range at 0-96dB then a 16-bit 44Khz digitized medium such as a CD can reproduce any signals from that source with 100% accuracy. You might then argue that "but what if there is some signal between two samples, then those are missed!", well yes but if there are signals between two samples then those are from frequencies above 22Khz.
Another thing to take home that many of the "analogue is king" crowd tends to overlook is that the PCM data that you see in a sampling editor is not what will be sent to your speakers when played back. In the DAC the original sine waves (from the source to the ADC) will be recreated exactly by applying what is called the sine sinc to the samples.
Found a good explanation if you're interested here: http://control.ucsd.edu/mauric...
There is just so much Marmite the world can endure.
Looks like it's faster in hardware currently which makes sense for credit-cards and other low power systems. Judging from the benchmarks done it looks like Skein was the fastest however (but this of course benched with software and not hardware). https://bench.cr.yp.to/results...
While SHA-3 might be faster than SHA-2, something that is imho unknown, it was not one of the criteria when the competition for SHA-3 began. http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST...
Or use Firefox on them since Firefox uses it's own crypto library and not the Windows supplied one. Still leaves you with the problem of Windows Updates but all packages are signed there, don't know how they sign them though if they use SHA1 there as well or if they do something else.
Because SHA-3 was not meant to be a replacement for SHA-2. The reason for SHA-3 was to implement a hash that have a completely different design than that of SHA-1 and SHA-2 so that if we ever would see a problem with SHA-2 then it could be replaced by SHA-3 immediately. So SHA-3 is a backup.
yes, where the service is hosted is unimportant since the US government always can put you into troubles since you are a resident citizen of the US. Because it's not the servers that are thrown into jail for not complying with the warrant.
There is no such duty since this is not a case nor a trail, this is "preliminary investigation", which is something that a prosecutor in Sweden does in order to determine whether there are grounds for actually bringing a case to trail or not. And the reason for there being no speedy trial is of course due to Assange hiding in the Ecuadorian embassy.
There have not been a long row of prosecutors involved, senior or not, in this case. The initial case where lowered from rape to sexual molestation by Eva Finné who is an ordinary prosecutor. Marianne Ny who is the one who raised the allegations from molestation back to rape is the senior one since she is a "överåklagare" (higher prosecutor). It's true though that she received criticism from the Court of Appeal that she had not done enough to speed things up, which is far from "acknowledge that her tactics considered of delay after delay".
They have not broken any laws in Sweden. A prosecutor can take a case to trail without the consent of any victims. And I'm quite sure that this is not unique to Sweden either since it for example would be impossible to take a murderer to trail (since the victim is now dead and thus cannot decide whether to press charges or not).
According to https://www.vardfokus.se/webbn... there have been roughly 50 ambulances involved in accidents since 2010, so roughly 11 accidents per year. How many of these where caused by people not paying attention to the ambulance or not it does not say, also it does not say anything about collateral crashes since it only lists the amount of actual ambulances that have crashed.
Which have exactly nothing to do with this particular operation of banking (keeping a ledger).
They didn't have the "enhance" command back then.
No it's not muddled, if you have legal presence in a place you have to comply with the laws of the place. The reason Uber manages to dodge some of the bullets fired at them is because they have no legal presence in the place, it's the drivers that do and thus they are the ones getting into trouble. Both Apple and Google want to have physical and thus legal presence in Russia so there is no Uber-like situation here.
And judging by how things went for Kim DotCom, TPB and so forth, Uber might soon find themselves into uncomfortable conditions. Apparently they where involved in over 173 lawsuits just in 2015, that number have probably increased over the last year.
And they are currently fighting how many lawsuits and outright bans from various countries? From the looks of it both Apple and Google want to take part of the Russian market so of course they have to obey the local laws there.
So you even missed the TFS where Apple also complied?
The removal of the LinkedIn app from Apples App Store and Google's Play shows the willingness of major internet gatekeepers to comply with individual nations' data-control laws, on both the web and mobile devices.
Since exactly when have any company on earth managed to ignore the existing laws in countries where they operate?
Well now he can use both.
Thanks for the info. One other thing that I wonder is why Microsoft is not doing more about this, not that I think that they have a responsibility to do it but that it would be in their best interest to not tarnish their company name. Since they have a large pool of employees in India as well one would think that they would also have some leverage with politicians and law enforcement (prejudice tells me that corruption is wide spread in India which should work in Microsoft:s favor).
Thanks for the effort but there where no voice recognition software in the early 80s. in particular any machine where "format c:" would be performing anything wouldn’t have had the horsepower needed. I played around with speech recognition in the early 90s and then all the systems could do was to train to your particular voice which was very hit and miss.
I have always wondered if the individuals (aka the Indians) who call from "Windows" and so on actually know that they are taking part in a scam or not. I hope they do considering the amount of verbal abuse I give them every time they try to call but still I do wonder because it would be quite easy to just post job offers to unemployed people and tell them to call these numbers and say these things without ever explaining exactly what they are doing.
And isn't there a cut-off filter in the DACs used by phones/computers to filter out anything above the Nyquist sampling rate? Or is that frequency so high now a days due to oversampling that it's in the ultrasound range?