but there's no way to know because the math/science scores are capped so that a top-level genius will score only as well as someone who is just very smart.
Yeah... there's a problem there. And the people most likely to successfully go into related STEM field after college may in fact be those whose scores were capped down.
Just having "average" performance is not necessarily impressive. Many students have to take some STEM classes, but aren't ultimately going to have a STEM career.
That's not been shown by the research.... only that the performance of the people that choose to take the STEM classes are on average: Mean performance basically the same across genders.
As mentioned in the summary: There may be gender-related differences among the tails of the distributions --- those that performed much better or much worse than average, for example the top 10% of performers in STEM courses and the bottom 10% might represent one gender more than the other, and this study would not have been able to rule that out.
is the intention of the US government to back door all security software and obviously they will not be able to do that to a Russian program.
What Kaspersky should do is engage in Information Sharing with other non-US-based non-EU-based Antivirus companies and publicize that to ensure they can all detect the backdoors, and then "Ban Kaspersky" won't be a means to that end anymore.
I've read that for the police officers who work combating child porn, there's stuff you can't unsee.
I see this as Facebook should give moderators a "This content is illegal/shocking/excessively grotesque checkbox" and partner with law enforcement to try and track down the source of the image to hold them responsible.
Also, if someone as an end user uploads a violating picture or knowingly sends a direct link to a violating picture (For example: if the picture appears in the thumbnail): then that person should be named to be held responsible for any harm caused to any FB employee by that.
And carefully monitor their employee's reactions to the images --- both by counting the number of 4s or 5s rated in a particular shift and tracking their employee's facial expressions.
After rating a submission a (4) or a (5) --- the moderation system should give them some kind of relief, for example, the rest of the items they will be presented for rating for a while has secretly already been marked as a (0), (1), or (2) by one of their peers, and they're just adding a second opinion to confirm the rating [the moderator shouldn't know whether another moderator has reviewed and scored it or not]; meanwhile a peer who hasn't given out any (4) or (5)s will be more likely to see content a human has not scored but that a computer predicted would be a 4 or a 5.
Also, when a FB user wants to report someone's content as Obscene, they should be requested to fill in the same rating scale. And if more than one of their ratings on "reported abuse" turns out to be off the wall from what multiple moderators said, then that FB user loses their reporting privileges.
You won the lottery.... found a bad domain registrar.
Now I suggest reaching out to CloudFlare or CSC for help transfer your corporate registrar services to; even if it costs $50K a year --- it's better than registering your domain on some fly by night operation ICANN should've discredited for thinking they're the internet police and shutting down domains based on bogus "phishing site" or other charges which have nothing to do with the DNS system.
In year 100,000 what is the value of the secret that was locked by encryption?
Who said anything about year 100,000 ? I was talking about the year 2020. The rate of compute density acceleration by Moore's law is exponential. In other words Compute Available(t years) = c0 * c1^(t/c2) + c2 where t is the number of years from a given date, and c2 > 0, c0 > 1, c1 > 1, 0
If you have a list of keys you're interested in cracking, AND a way of iterating through the semiprimes randomly, AND each each semiprime has an equal chance of being the one used, then EVERY operation you complete increases the probability that you will have found one of the keys you were looking for. It may be less than 1% at first, but it will eventually grow in probability until you search the entire space.
If the operation of finding the next prime and checking if the semi-prime is divisible took a single CPU cycle of a 10GHz processor in a cluster of 100,000 such processors
What about on 100,000 year 2020 GPUs that have 100000 CUDA cores per GPU = 10,000,000,000 number crunchers churning away at 10GHz = 100,000,000,000 core GHz, Versus your simple 1-core CPUs that only had 1,000,000 core GHz ?
EC is not post-quantum, and the problem of solving Elliptic Equations can be turned into a factoring problem
The results of the Riemann hypothesis are already Conjectures in number theory - The Theorem being True or False is a Binary condition ---- So if the Riemann theorem being true had ANY breakthrough affect at all, then people trying to crack codes could already have TRIED the assumption that the hypothesis was true (or at least good enough) to test their cracking procedures that would only work if the supposed Hypothesis to be true.
Knowing the Truth or Falseness of 1 bit (The Riemann Hypothesis) doesn't suddenly make cracking easier --- If the value of the Truth was 1, then tests carried out depending on methods developed from the RH would already have been shown to be useful.
Yeah.... I'd love to see what the claimed proof is. It's interesting to note that there is a $1 Million prize for proving the hypothesis true, with requirement that the solution itself must create significant "progress" in the understanding of mathematicians on the subject of the problem (?), but there's no prize for bringing to light ways of constructing working counterexamples that would prove the Riemann Hypothesis as presented false by contradiction.
sprayed on? I imagine this cannot transmit or receive very much RF power.... A few milliwatts, perhaps. Not going to be able to receive a weak VHF/UHF signal or transmit at 5 or 10 Watts, comparable to a portable radio.
4) Your friend isn't broke, he just doesn't have liquid assets - wealth doesn't care about that. If we paid wealth taxes he would have screwed up badly
What should happen is the payability of the illiquid earnings/extra gains from invested portfolio assets should be delayed to provide reasonable forbearance for the taxpayer and encourage such investments. Wealth tax on the value portfolio assets had at the time acquired or purchased should be due and payable immediately, and the company handling the transfer could (you had to have that amount of actual cash or worth something that much to acquire, But if you hold appreciated startup stock -- the tax on extra value due to appreciation should be reportable every year as a "Speculative tax liability incurred with payment deferred", That does not become due until you have the right and ability to sell that asset --- If at that time the appreciation has been lost.
1) Sounds like your house is severely under-appraised and you're illegally dodging property taxes
The government appraiser may have messed up. Unless the owner took fraudulent actions to cause an understatement of the worth of property to happen -- Its not illegal or tax dodging to own a property that was under appraised, and the gov't itself is essentially responsible for any losses in tax revenue that caused.
3) Your sister is either in possession of a house of known approximate value, or in possession of a contract
Temporarily deeding a property away isn't a sale --- her rights to the property automatically resume 3 years from now upon expiration of her deeding away the rights to control it, so she owns the property subject to an encumbrance providing a temporary cessation of her right to use and occupy the property for 3 years, so she could still sell her right to take use of the property after 3 years to someone else if she wanted, AND she owns the contracts she signed with the rental company that are providing her rights to receive certain rent ---- that contract would have a market value in regards to the expected revenue she will get from rents that contract reduced by any expenses she has to pay, expected future depreciation on her property (the loss in value the property will have after 3 years due to renting it out), and some percentage to make up for the risk that the rental company fails to rent out the property and generate the revenue.
China wants to exclude itself from the internet and have essentially its own version of the internet where everything their politicians disagree with is deleted --- that's not splitting the internet though: that's islanding China from the rest of the world: that's damage. As we well know, the Internet wants to re-route around such damage.
They can put it in the contract or Bid-Out process that specified surveillance cameras with capabilities provided by Amazon specifications must be installed and operational at all times in the manner specified by Amazon's Asset Protection monitoring team while any Amazon package is in the vehicle or the vehicle is working for Amazon covering the driver's cabin, back of the truck, and cover all areas of the vehicle where packages may be handled.
Now they just need to introduce fake packages that scan OK without an error and are intended to be delivered to "Decoy houses" , offices, and mailboxes that exist solely to receive and confirm that fake packages were properly delivered.
I don't see how this is an advantage for expensive Apple over the cheap competition.
Probably because your scenario isn't necessarily what happens. Try:
1. A 10% ad valorem tariff on an unbranded Android phone that retails for $150 with an assessed value or cost of $130 (Before retail markup for sale to end customer) makes the phone cost $163 because of $13 in tarriffs.
2. A 10% ad valorem tariff on an iPhone that retails for $400 with an assessed value of $175 (Before retail markup for sale to end customer) makes that phone cost $417.50 because of $17.50 in tarriffs.
$130k is upper middle class, though the precise bounds are rather poorly defined.
Are you sure? What if someone makes $130k one year, but netted -$100k the previous year due to medical expenses, and all the money essentially has to go to pay debt?
Maybe they are permanently disabled and the $130k in income came from a one-time sale of property.
Income does not directly materialize into a class or way of living ---- Although $130k or more a year average maintained for 10 years is probably upper class in most cases..
That's my favorite model for paying for college, as the university has to create rich alums who credit the university for their success, if they want to continue.
Hopefully more universities will follow suit until it becomes what the market expects from universities: to not only instill pure knowledge but promote learning in philosophical values such as generosity as well, or "being a decent human being". If the performance and value a school brings to the table in terms of lifelong learning and earnings is really there for prospective students, then there should be plenty of rich and generous/amicable alums willing to donate to help maintain the value of their school and contribute to its longevity and future learners.
For example, if a federal regulation prohibits the use of medical marijuana, but a state regulation allows it, the federal law prevails.
No... actually both sets of laws for medical mj exist in parallel. The state authorities can continue to obey their regulation by "allowing it", and then it is effectively allowed unless/until the federal authorities come in and enforce their law against those violating it.
Although the federal authorities might be reluctant to do so for a number of reasons; including that it could trigger a constitutional challenge if the usage of the mj is specifically allowed by the state and in business that involves no commerce or only intrastate commerce.
A state can require a tighter set of specs be used in structures in their state. The state law does not contradict the federal. It just requires more stringent specs. This is entirely legal and happens all the time.
Yes.... and the State law is enforceable. What happens if the state law specifies tighter specs and they DO conflict with the federal law?
It will probably wind up in court, and the state court may decide that the conflicting state spec is superseded by the
conflicting federal one, because of state law allowing the federal law to win on that manner, but the conflict doesn't mean that the state restrictions can be automatically expunged or overridden as invalid ---- it may very well mean that new structures can't be built in the state until the state revises the specs to negate the conflict: it may be impossible to build something complying with both specs, but still possible to comply with both regulations by not building anything at all.
Spectrum is based in Connecticut. How does California assume it can force an out-of-State company to change its behavior?
Charter/Spectrum has "major nexus" in California, therefore: they are required to obey all state laws regarding business operation within California at least regarding their California customers, including paying any state-imposed taxes on their business affairs in California: An interesting idea is instead of mandating network neutrality, the state could set a 100% revenue tax on "The amount of any customer charges waived due to a discriminatory zero-rating policy and any additional revenue earned due to collecting peering or 'prioritization' fees from content providers, or other non-neutral practices". State governments have near limitless power to regulate the affairs of companies doing business within state boundaries. They can pass a law stating that no employee shall wear white socks while visiting a customer, if they wish, and they could enforce with jail time, fines, or revocation of business license if they chose. All the fine details of "contracting", "permitting", and how control and ownership of property works within a state's boundaries are established by state laws -- not federal laws. And yeah... It is not unusual for State or Local governments to require companies hold a business license to do regular business of any kind with ANYONE beyond a certain dollar or number of transactions threshold. Doing business in multiple states does not excuse any company from compliance, and judgements/penalties/fines for failure to comply can be attached to all assets owned, even bank accounts in other states, through a process where the courts allow a judgement made by a court in California to be enforced against the defendant in any state.
Furthermore, California has sole jurisdiction over the use of SIGNIFICANT assets that are required for a Telecom to even operate ---- so if they don't like the business practices of a telecom, whether they are inside or outside federal regulatory areas, the state has the power to wield a significant stick.
For Example: In order to successfully provide internet service, Charter/Spectrum somehow has to install and operate cables that run from facilities they control to people's houses. There is SOME property they will have to put their cables on that is solely managed by State and Municipal governments, and the federal government has no control of this (The federal government cannot force a state/city to allow a business the use of the state/city property).
No private business can simply run cabling from property A to property B by traversing through a third property C without paying the property owner a significant amount of money to acquire an easement agreement --- Also, in general it is not possible to build a cable network without crossing through public property which is owned and solely by a state or municipal government, Or whose usage is restricted and requires following many government rules and obtaining permission to use
Those restrictions can include EVEN what data will be sent over that cabling and how the service can work, and how it may be used, etc......
For instance: even if you own the land on either side of a public road --- you may NOT dig up the road and bury communications or cabling beneath it, nor may you string cables over the public land the public road sits on unless you have the necessary permissions and follow some very detailed rules in doing so, and even if you could --- aerial cable over a road is susceptible to damage.
The easy way out is to run a telecom/utility company WHOSE NEED IS RECOGNIZED by your local government -- and have the government allow the provider general access to right of way easements on all the land already reserved for the public.
The state governments DON'T have to play "fair" regarding this - It is almost like At-Will employment. If they choose t
Tarriffs affecting Cell phones... don't impact Apple so much, as their product is already the most expensive. On the other hand: the impact on Chinese eBay sellers selling competitive alternatives at super-low rates and cheaper Android phones may be enormous --- this may put them out of business (By causing a high burden to compliance.... consumers buy something on eBay from overseas, and will start suddenly finding out that your orders going to be held by customs --- that might be a 2 to 5% then you have to pay that duty plus an extra $50 or more in extra handling, processing and storage fees that were incurred when your item was found to require being held) resulting in less competition against larger retailers and manufacturers.
That is a tremendous oversimplification of the situation.
On some manners there is Federal jurisdiction; On some manners there is Local jurisdiction; On some manners there is joint Federal and Local jurisdiction.
In regards to Utility Companies (such as Broadband providers) operating within a state --- there is Federal and Local Jurisdiction. The companies have to obey federal regulations to operate in the US --- and in addition to obeying the federal regulations, they have to obey state laws to be allowed to build and operate the business within the state.
For example: If they disobey a state law that says they must respect network neutrality --- then the state could cancel their state telecom license - force them to sell their franchises off to a competitor and stop doing business within the state.
Evacuation indicates some bio-hazard, however the question would remain "why there",
Some Hazard for sure.... what the summary didn't say is they evacuated a bit more than the observatory.. They evacuated the entire mountain, including a post office, and residents having to leave their houses, according to this article.
The observatory has been closed – and residents and staff have been asked to stay off the mountain – since September 6. The statement said Sunspot Solar Observatory will transition back to regular operations as of Monday, September 17. The AURA statement said:
The residents that vacated their homes will be returning to the site, and all employees will return to work this week.
AURA has been cooperating with an on-going law enforcement investigation of criminal activity that occurred at Sacramento Peak. During this time, we became concerned that a suspect in the investigation potentially posed a threat to the safety of local staff and residents. For this reason, AURA temporarily vacated the facility and ceased science activities at this location.
The decision to vacate was based on the logistical challenges associated with protecting personnel at such a remote location, and the need for expeditious response to the potential threat.
AURA determined that moving the small number of on-site staff and residents off the mountain was the most prudent and effective action to ensure their safety.
In light of recent developments in the investigation, we have determined there is no risk to staff, and Sunspot Solar Observatory is transitioning back to regular operations as of September 17th.
Slashdot Mirror
but there's no way to know because the math/science scores are capped so that a top-level genius will score only as well as someone who is just very smart.
Yeah... there's a problem there. And the people most likely to successfully go into related STEM field after college may in fact be those whose scores were capped down.
Just having "average" performance is not necessarily impressive. Many students have to take some STEM classes, but aren't ultimately going to have a STEM career.
Boys and girls have both the same abilities.
That's not been shown by the research.... only that the performance of the people that choose to take the STEM classes are on average: Mean performance basically the same across genders.
As mentioned in the summary: There may be gender-related differences among the tails of the distributions --- those that performed much better or much worse than average, for example the top 10% of performers in STEM courses and the bottom 10% might represent one gender more than the other, and this study would not have been able to rule that out.
is the intention of the US government to back door all security software and obviously they will not be able to do that to a Russian program.
What Kaspersky should do is engage in Information Sharing with other non-US-based non-EU-based Antivirus companies and publicize that to ensure they can all detect the backdoors, and then "Ban Kaspersky" won't be a means to that end anymore.
I've read that for the police officers who work combating child porn, there's stuff you can't unsee.
I see this as Facebook should give moderators a "This content is illegal/shocking/excessively grotesque checkbox" and partner with law enforcement
to try and track down the source of the image to hold them responsible.
Also, if someone as an end user uploads a violating picture or knowingly sends a direct link to a violating picture (For example: if the picture appears in the thumbnail): then that person should be named to be held responsible for any harm caused to any FB employee by that.
One example would be limiting exposure. Rather than doing this for 8 hours a day, 5 days a week they might get only be assigned half an hour a day
What they should do is give their reviewers a numerical scale for "Grotesqueness of the Image/Content":
0=Benign/Keep, 1=Questionable, 2=Patently Offensive, 3=Obscene or Policy Violation (DELETE), 4=Extremely Obscene, 5=Grotesque, Repulsive, Shocking
And carefully monitor their employee's reactions to the images --- both by counting the number of 4s or 5s rated in a particular shift and tracking their employee's facial expressions.
After rating a submission a (4) or a (5) --- the moderation system should give them some kind of relief, for example, the rest of the items they will be presented for rating for a while has secretly already been marked as a (0), (1), or (2) by one of their peers, and they're just adding a second opinion to confirm the rating [the moderator shouldn't know whether another moderator has reviewed and scored it or not]; meanwhile a peer who hasn't given out any (4) or (5)s will be more likely to see content a human has not scored but that a computer predicted would be a 4 or a 5.
Also, when a FB user wants to report someone's content as Obscene, they should be requested to fill in the same rating scale.
And if more than one of their ratings on "reported abuse" turns out to be off the wall from what multiple moderators said, then that FB user loses their reporting privileges.
You won the lottery.... found a bad domain registrar.
Now I suggest reaching out to CloudFlare or CSC for help transfer your corporate registrar services to; even if it costs $50K a year --- it's better than registering your domain on some fly by night operation ICANN should've discredited for thinking they're the internet police and shutting down domains based on bogus "phishing site" or other charges which have nothing to do with the DNS system.
In year 100,000 what is the value of the secret that was locked by encryption?
Who said anything about year 100,000 ? I was talking about the year 2020.
The rate of compute density acceleration by Moore's law is exponential. In other words Compute Available(t years) = c0 * c1^(t/c2) + c2
where t is the number of years from a given date, and c2 > 0, c0 > 1, c1 > 1, 0
If you have a list of keys you're interested in cracking, AND a way of iterating through the semiprimes randomly, AND each each semiprime has an equal chance of being the one used, then EVERY operation you complete increases the probability that you will have found one of the keys you were looking for. It may be less than 1% at first, but it will eventually grow in probability until you search the entire space.
If the operation of finding the next prime and checking if the semi-prime is divisible took a single CPU cycle of a 10GHz processor in a cluster of 100,000 such processors
What about on 100,000 year 2020 GPUs that have 100000 CUDA cores per GPU = 10,000,000,000 number crunchers churning away at 10GHz = 100,000,000,000 core GHz, Versus your simple 1-core CPUs that only had 1,000,000 core GHz ?
EC is not post-quantum, and the problem of solving Elliptic Equations can be turned into a factoring problem
The results of the Riemann hypothesis are already Conjectures in number theory - The Theorem being True or False is a Binary condition ---- So if the Riemann theorem being true had ANY breakthrough affect at all, then people trying to crack codes could already have TRIED the assumption that the hypothesis was true (or at least good enough) to test their cracking procedures that would only work if the supposed Hypothesis to be true.
Knowing the Truth or Falseness of 1 bit (The Riemann Hypothesis) doesn't suddenly make cracking easier --- If the value of the Truth was 1, then tests carried out depending on methods developed from the RH would already have been shown to be useful.
Yeah.... I'd love to see what the claimed proof is. It's interesting to note that there is a $1 Million prize for proving the hypothesis true, with requirement that the solution itself must create significant "progress" in the understanding of mathematicians on the subject of the problem (?), but there's no prize for bringing to light ways of constructing working counterexamples that would prove the Riemann Hypothesis as presented false by contradiction.
sprayed on? I imagine this cannot transmit or receive very much RF power.... A few milliwatts, perhaps. Not going to be able to receive a weak VHF/UHF signal or transmit at 5 or 10 Watts, comparable to a portable radio.
4) Your friend isn't broke, he just doesn't have liquid assets - wealth doesn't care about that. If we paid wealth taxes he would have screwed up badly
What should happen is the payability of the illiquid earnings/extra gains from invested portfolio assets should be delayed to provide reasonable forbearance for the taxpayer and encourage such investments. Wealth tax on the value portfolio assets had at the time acquired or purchased should be due and payable immediately, and the company handling the transfer could
(you had to have that amount of actual cash or worth something that much to acquire, But if you hold appreciated startup stock
-- the tax on extra value due to appreciation should be reportable every year as a "Speculative tax liability incurred with payment
deferred", That does not become due until you have the right and ability to sell that asset --- If at that time the appreciation has been lost.
1) Sounds like your house is severely under-appraised and you're illegally dodging property taxes
The government appraiser may have messed up. Unless the owner took fraudulent actions to cause an understatement of the worth of property to happen -- Its not illegal or tax dodging to own a property that was under appraised, and the gov't itself is essentially responsible for any losses in tax revenue that caused.
3) Your sister is either in possession of a house of known approximate value, or in possession of a contract
Temporarily deeding a property away isn't a sale --- her rights to the property automatically resume 3 years from now upon expiration of her deeding away the rights to control it, so she owns the property subject to an encumbrance providing a temporary cessation of her right to use and occupy the property for 3 years, so she could still sell her right to take use of the property after 3 years to someone else if she wanted, AND she owns the contracts she signed with the rental company that are providing her rights to receive certain rent ---- that contract would have a market value in regards to the expected revenue she will get from rents that contract reduced by any expenses she has to pay, expected future depreciation on her property (the loss in value the property will have after 3 years due to renting it out), and some percentage to make up for the risk that the rental company fails to rent out the property and generate the revenue.
China wants to exclude itself from the internet and have essentially its own version of the internet where everything their politicians disagree with is deleted --- that's not splitting the internet though: that's islanding China from the rest of the world: that's damage. As we well know, the Internet wants to re-route around such damage.
They can put it in the contract or Bid-Out process
that specified surveillance cameras with capabilities provided by Amazon specifications must be installed and operational at all times in the manner specified by Amazon's Asset Protection monitoring team while any Amazon package is in the vehicle or the vehicle is working for Amazon covering the driver's cabin, back of the truck, and cover all areas of the vehicle where packages may be handled.
Now they just need to introduce fake packages that scan OK without an error and are intended to be delivered to "Decoy houses" , offices, and mailboxes that exist solely to receive and confirm that fake packages were properly delivered.
I don't see how this is an advantage for expensive Apple over the cheap competition.
Probably because your scenario isn't necessarily what happens. Try :
1. A 10% ad valorem tariff on an unbranded Android phone that retails for $150 with an assessed value or cost of $130 (Before retail markup for sale to end customer) makes the phone cost $163 because of $13 in tarriffs.
2. A 10% ad valorem tariff on an iPhone that retails for $400 with an assessed value of $175 (Before retail markup for sale to end customer) makes that phone cost $417.50 because of $17.50 in tarriffs.
$130k is upper middle class, though the precise bounds are rather poorly defined.
Are you sure? What if someone makes $130k one year, but netted -$100k the previous year due to medical expenses, and all the money essentially has to go to pay debt?
Maybe they are permanently disabled and the $130k in income came from a one-time sale of property.
Income does not directly materialize into a class or way of living ---- Although $130k or more a year average maintained for 10 years is probably upper class in most cases..
That's my favorite model for paying for college, as the university has to create rich alums who credit the university for their success, if they want to continue.
Hopefully more universities will follow suit until it becomes what the market expects from universities: to not only instill pure knowledge but promote learning in philosophical values such as generosity as well, or "being a decent human being". If the performance and value a school brings to the table in terms of lifelong learning and earnings is really there for prospective students, then there should be plenty of rich and generous/amicable alums willing to donate to help maintain the value of their school and contribute to its longevity and future learners.
For example, if a federal regulation prohibits the use of medical marijuana, but a state regulation allows it, the federal law prevails.
No... actually both sets of laws for medical mj exist in parallel. The state authorities can continue to obey their regulation by "allowing it", and then it is effectively allowed unless/until the federal authorities come in and enforce their law against those violating it.
Although the federal authorities might be reluctant to do so for a number of reasons; including that it could trigger a constitutional challenge if the usage of the mj is specifically allowed by the state and in business that involves no commerce or only intrastate commerce.
A state can require a tighter set of specs be used in structures in their state. The state law does not contradict the federal. It just requires more stringent specs. This is entirely legal and happens all the time.
Yes.... and the State law is enforceable. What happens if the state law specifies tighter specs and they DO conflict with the federal law?
It will probably wind up in court, and the state court may decide that the conflicting state spec is superseded by the
conflicting federal one, because of state law allowing the federal law to win on that manner, but the conflict doesn't mean that the state restrictions can be automatically expunged or overridden as invalid ---- it may very well mean that new structures can't be built in the state until the state revises the specs to negate the conflict: it may be impossible to build something complying with both specs, but still possible to comply with both regulations by not building anything at all.
Spectrum is based in Connecticut. How does California assume it can force an out-of-State company to change its behavior?
Charter/Spectrum has "major nexus" in California, therefore: they are required to obey all state laws regarding business operation within California at least regarding their California customers, including paying any state-imposed taxes on their business affairs in California: An interesting idea is instead of mandating network neutrality, the state could set a 100% revenue tax on "The amount of any customer charges waived due to a discriminatory zero-rating policy and any additional revenue earned due to collecting peering or 'prioritization' fees from content providers, or other non-neutral practices". State governments have near limitless power to regulate the affairs of companies doing business within state boundaries. They can pass a law stating that no employee shall wear white socks while visiting a customer, if they wish, and they could enforce with jail time, fines, or revocation of business license if they chose. All the fine details of "contracting", "permitting", and how control and ownership of property works within a state's boundaries are established by state laws -- not federal laws.
And yeah... It is not unusual for State or Local governments to require companies hold a business license to do regular business of any kind with ANYONE beyond a certain dollar or number of transactions threshold.
Doing business in multiple states does not excuse any company from compliance, and judgements/penalties/fines for failure to comply can be attached to all assets owned, even bank accounts in other states, through a process where the courts allow a judgement made by a court in California to be enforced against the defendant in any state.
Furthermore, California has sole jurisdiction over the use of SIGNIFICANT assets that are required for a Telecom to even operate ---- so if they don't like the business practices of a telecom, whether they are inside or outside federal regulatory areas, the state has the power to wield a significant stick.
For Example: In order to successfully provide internet service, Charter/Spectrum somehow has to install and operate cables that run from facilities they control to people's houses. There is SOME property they will have to put their cables on that is solely managed by State and Municipal governments, and the federal government has no control of this (The federal government cannot force a state/city to allow a business the use of the state/city property).
No private business can simply run cabling from property A to property B by traversing through a third property C without paying the property owner a significant amount of money to acquire an easement agreement --- Also, in general it is not possible to build a cable network without crossing through public property which is owned and solely by a state or municipal government, Or whose usage is restricted and requires following many government rules and obtaining permission to use
Those restrictions can include EVEN what data will be sent over that cabling and how the service can work, and how it may be used, etc......
For instance: even if you own the land on either side of a public road --- you may NOT dig up the road and bury communications or cabling beneath it,
nor may you string cables over the public land the public road sits on unless you have the necessary permissions and follow some very detailed rules in doing so, and even if you could --- aerial cable over a road is susceptible to damage.
The easy way out is to run a telecom/utility company WHOSE NEED IS RECOGNIZED by your local government -- and have the government
allow the provider general access to right of way easements on all the land already reserved for the public.
The state governments DON'T have to play "fair" regarding this - It is almost like At-Will employment. If they choose t
Tarriffs affecting Cell phones... don't impact Apple so much, as their product is already the most expensive.
On the other hand: the impact on Chinese eBay sellers selling competitive alternatives at super-low rates and cheaper Android phones may be enormous --- this may put them out of business (By causing a high burden to compliance.... consumers buy something on eBay from overseas, and will start suddenly finding out that your orders going to be held by customs --- that might be a 2 to 5% then you have to pay that duty plus an extra $50 or more in extra handling, processing and storage fees that were incurred when your item was found to require being held) resulting in less competition against larger retailers and manufacturers.
Federal Laws supersede State laws.
Period.
That is a tremendous oversimplification of the situation.
On some manners there is Federal jurisdiction; On some manners there is Local jurisdiction; On some manners there is joint Federal and Local jurisdiction.
In regards to Utility Companies (such as Broadband providers) operating within a state --- there is Federal and Local Jurisdiction. The companies have to obey federal regulations to operate in the US --- and in addition to obeying the federal regulations, they have to obey state laws to be allowed to build and operate the business within the state.
For example: If they disobey a state law that says they must respect network neutrality --- then the state could cancel their state telecom license - force them to sell their franchises off to a competitor and stop doing business within the state.
Evacuation indicates some bio-hazard, however the question would remain "why there",
Some Hazard for sure.... what the summary didn't say is they evacuated a bit more than the observatory.. They evacuated the entire mountain, including a post office, and residents having to leave their houses, according to this article.