At least for the materials (read plastics) company I don't expect much closures in NA. Natural gas is cheap in NA, and expensive elsewhere. Feedstock costs are far higher than labour in chemical plants. The agri-chem company on the other hand...
The issue is not that there was hardware included that enabled the software cheat, the issue is that the software cheat enabled not installing hardware (a SCR system). While the cheat could have been implemented by a small group, the decision to not install an SCR system was an executive level decision.
This basic idea should be applied much more broadly, and given that most publishing is electronic now, all experiments should be published and evaluated on the validity of their methodology and how interesting or insightful the hypothesis being tested is, not their result. How much money and time is wasted trying the same negative result experiments at different labs because they don't know that someone else has tried it and gotten a negative because it was not published?
NaK is not even a salt (it is a mix of molten reactive metals), the salts used would be stuff like Lithium Flouride, which are about as nonreactive as you can get.
All the article does is project capacity growth rates by assuming same rate as now with continued subsidies, higher rate required to meet target, or reduced rate without subsidies. It does not address things like storage, grid balance, distribution, etc. This is the basic finance sector assumption of linear growth grates of market shares, when the actual dynamics depend on the market share already achieved. In short, the article tells us nothing at all.
Germany is powered by coal oil and gas, with a veneer of solar (https://www.energy-charts.de/energy.htm), has some of the dirtiest power around, and it's little bit of solar has made it some of the most expensive power around...
Do you realize that most of the refining capacity for the grade of heavy oil that would be in Keystone is refined in the US gulf coast? There may be exports of refined products and there definitely would be reduced imports from other sources, but unlikely much of this oil would be exported because very few others can handle it.
Dry air is within 1 part in 1000 of the ideal gas law at near ambient pressure and temperature. I challenge you to detect this with portable instrumentation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C... Unless the football is extremely elastic or is strongly adsorbent of gasses the ball properties wont matter much at all. The interesting question is do they use dry air? If they use ambient air, compressing it to ~13 psi will increase the dew point by ~10C / 18F. If the dew point is now above ambient, moisture will condense, which would lower the pressure much more than ideal gas law predicts.
125 F is more than plausible. Gas compressors increase the temperature of the air. The other plausible factor is the humidity of the air in the ball. DO they use dry air? If the temperature of the ball drops below the dewpoint of the air in the ball, it will loose a lot more pressure than ideal gas law predicts (condensation). Remember that the dew point increases a lot when you compress air as the actual amount of moisture per unit volume is increased. For the pressures involved the the dew point will increase by approximately 10C or 18F if they don't use dry air.
3D printing is great for small volume items that you don't want to stock or are customized each time. They are not so good for high volume parts. This may make an interesting custom body building option, but a Toyota replacement it is not. The article seemed to imply that the body itself was $10,000+. For a mass car manufacturer the body is $1,000, painted (material, energy and direct labour). The other issue is the properties of material that can be used. Can a 3d printer use galvanized steel? Or make engine blocks (high pressure, cannot have cracks or voids in the cylinder walls)? In the end maybe for the body mod crowd, not the mass market.
Probably because his gun could only hold ~7 shots, and would take far too long to reload. He was probably saving them for something 'important' if he had any left.
Power is actually proportional to velocity cubed. Velocity squared is the amount of energy per unit mass, times the number of units of mass that go by per second (velocity again). This makes your point even stronger...
Actually it's even worse than that. The renewables are correlated unit to unit as you indicated, but the large dispatchable plants have most of their downtime scheduled. Power plant maintenance is typically scheduled in spring or fall when peak demand is at it's lowest, and the plants talk to each other to make sure they don't all schedule it at the same time. There are still essentially random evens, but these account for much less than the capacity factors indicate.
No just west cost, but they may be more popular there. I'm near in Waterloo and I see a lot here.
The MEC bag costs less than the cheapest university branded bag, but has more pockets, and the zippers are twice the size (durability), and has the laptop pocket.
What about antibiotics, which have probably more than any single other invention extended life expectancy in Industrial civilization. Vacines. The identification of DNA and genes, this includes the human genome project, but this has been ongoing for quite a while. The Haber process for making ammonia, which is the basis for almost all fertilizer and exposives production world wide. Just because you don't see somthing as a consumer doesn't make an innovation any less significant.
At my school (University of Waterloo, In Canada), As far as I understand it, the University makes no claim on IP of students and profs, including software.
There have been dozens of spin-offs from teh school by grads, and profs, some who continue to teach part time.
Slashdot Mirror
At least for the materials (read plastics) company I don't expect much closures in NA. Natural gas is cheap in NA, and expensive elsewhere. Feedstock costs are far higher than labour in chemical plants. The agri-chem company on the other hand...
The issue is not that there was hardware included that enabled the software cheat, the issue is that the software cheat enabled not installing hardware (a SCR system).
While the cheat could have been implemented by a small group, the decision to not install an SCR system was an executive level decision.
This basic idea should be applied much more broadly, and given that most publishing is electronic now, all experiments should be published and evaluated on the validity of their methodology and how interesting or insightful the hypothesis being tested is, not their result.
How much money and time is wasted trying the same negative result experiments at different labs because they don't know that someone else has tried it and gotten a negative because it was not published?
NaK is not even a salt (it is a mix of molten reactive metals), the salts used would be stuff like Lithium Flouride, which are about as nonreactive as you can get.
All the article does is project capacity growth rates by assuming same rate as now with continued subsidies, higher rate required to meet target, or reduced rate without subsidies. It does not address things like storage, grid balance, distribution, etc.
This is the basic finance sector assumption of linear growth grates of market shares, when the actual dynamics depend on the market share already achieved. In short, the article tells us nothing at all.
Germany is powered by coal oil and gas, with a veneer of solar (https://www.energy-charts.de/energy.htm), has some of the dirtiest power around, and it's little bit of solar has made it some of the most expensive power around...
Do you realize that most of the refining capacity for the grade of heavy oil that would be in Keystone is refined in the US gulf coast? There may be exports of refined products and there definitely would be reduced imports from other sources, but unlikely much of this oil would be exported because very few others can handle it.
Dry air is within 1 part in 1000 of the ideal gas law at near ambient pressure and temperature. I challenge you to detect this with portable instrumentation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C...
Unless the football is extremely elastic or is strongly adsorbent of gasses the ball properties wont matter much at all.
The interesting question is do they use dry air? If they use ambient air, compressing it to ~13 psi will increase the dew point by ~10C / 18F. If the dew point is now above ambient, moisture will condense, which would lower the pressure much more than ideal gas law predicts.
125 F is more than plausible. Gas compressors increase the temperature of the air.
The other plausible factor is the humidity of the air in the ball. DO they use dry air? If the temperature of the ball drops below the dewpoint of the air in the ball, it will loose a lot more pressure than ideal gas law predicts (condensation). Remember that the dew point increases a lot when you compress air as the actual amount of moisture per unit volume is increased. For the pressures involved the the dew point will increase by approximately 10C or 18F if they don't use dry air.
3D printing is great for small volume items that you don't want to stock or are customized each time.
They are not so good for high volume parts. This may make an interesting custom body building option, but a Toyota replacement it is not. The article seemed to imply that the body itself was $10,000+. For a mass car manufacturer the body is $1,000, painted (material, energy and direct labour). The other issue is the properties of material that can be used. Can a 3d printer use galvanized steel? Or make engine blocks (high pressure, cannot have cracks or voids in the cylinder walls)?
In the end maybe for the body mod crowd, not the mass market.
Probably because his gun could only hold ~7 shots, and would take far too long to reload.
He was probably saving them for something 'important' if he had any left.
Power is actually proportional to velocity cubed. Velocity squared is the amount of energy per unit mass, times the number of units of mass that go by per second (velocity again). This makes your point even stronger...
Actually it's even worse than that.
The renewables are correlated unit to unit as you indicated, but the large dispatchable plants have most of their downtime scheduled. Power plant maintenance is typically scheduled in spring or fall when peak demand is at it's lowest, and the plants talk to each other to make sure they don't all schedule it at the same time. There are still essentially random evens, but these account for much less than the capacity factors indicate.
No just west cost, but they may be more popular there. I'm near in Waterloo and I see a lot here.
The MEC bag costs less than the cheapest university branded bag, but has more pockets, and the zippers are twice the size (durability), and has the laptop pocket.
Go to MEC.caD ER%3C%3Efolder_id=676033&PRODUCT%3C%3Eprd_id=52087 7&bmUID=1097459696396
THey carry a lot of Extreeme weather gear, but also have good day to day stuff as well. Much cheaper than anywhere else. I have a http://www.mec.ca/Products/product_detail.jsp?FOL
pack that works great. The one I had before was the bottom of the line model and lasted 5 years of engineering textbooks.
What about antibiotics, which have probably more than any single other invention extended life expectancy in Industrial civilization. Vacines. The identification of DNA and genes, this includes the human genome project, but this has been ongoing for quite a while. The Haber process for making ammonia, which is the basis for almost all fertilizer and exposives production world wide. Just because you don't see somthing as a consumer doesn't make an innovation any less significant.
At my school (University of Waterloo, In Canada), As far as I understand it, the University makes no claim on IP of students and profs, including software. There have been dozens of spin-offs from teh school by grads, and profs, some who continue to teach part time.