Indeed, that iPhone behaviour was very irritating to me when I was travelling, and borrowed my SO's 1st gen iphone to connect to my home server to check e-mail. There was no way whatsoever to inspect the certificate, so I just had to hope the people running the network weren't evil. Now I have an Android phone of my own, and can just run Firefox on it (love the Sync feature - saves so much time on moving browsing session from computer to phone, and when entering passwords).
You don't need client side certificates to be sure in a normal situation that your traffic isn't being hijacked by the ISP. You only need confidence that the CAs aren't issuing certs for the site you are connecting to, which is why when TURKTRUST issued a cert for google it was Big Deal.
In this case, they are using preinstalled certs on the local browsers to perform MITM when connecting to supposedly secure sites, such as your bank.
Some workplaces do this sort of cert preinstallation to allow snooping on SSL traffic passing through their proxies. Obviously same solution as with Nokia. If you don't like your private information passing in the clear through some random server controlled by your ISP or employer, quit.
Well, the lead is 11.34 times as dense as the water. So, yes, if you need 18 times as much water, then you need 1.59x as much water than you would lead, so presumably in the end, only 11.3 Saturn Vs for your lead spaceship.
On the other hand, can get water from plenty of comets out there, or a moon or two. Lead could be tricky. Not sure if saving on fuel matters that much. Water seems prettier too, and has other uses for humans as well:)
Not to mention the mass of the propellant, much less the nuclear fuel. And then there'd be the need for another 18 Saturn Vs for braking.
Unless, there's some orbit that could be managed using minimal fuel that passes both Mars and Earth regularly?:) Then it would be "All-aboard the water bubble Mars-Earth express!" You'd only need to accelerate it once, and reuse it an unlimited number of times.
Cool. So the spaceship would be more of a small planet? I mean, if they feel it would require 6 feet of lead, that would be 72 feet of water by your ratio.
22 metres of water. Assuming a spherical spaceship, with a living space of, oh, 20 metres in diametre (yes, just a WAG, I looked around, I couldn't find any estimates for transit vehicle sizes in various proposals like Mars One), that would be: 4/3*pi*42^3 - 4/3*pi*20^3 or 277k cubic metres of water, therefore 277k tonnes of water.
Of 620kg of fuel mass to push a 10 tonne spacecraft. That presumably means a 277k tonne spacecraft would require 17 tonnes of fuel, not including the mass of the living quarters, nuclear power plant, thrusters, whatever... Maybe 20 tonnes of fuel?
That doesn't sound that horrible actually.
And we get a pretty pool too! Maybe it'd even sparkle with the lights off from high energy particles crashing into it. Just don't dive too far down, or you'd get irradiated as well as run out of air?:)
Requiring even a 90% threshold to pass a law, a supermajority, is still democratic. Everyone gets a voice. It just requires more people to agree before imposing something on everyone.
IMO there should be a higher threshold to passing a law, than there is for dissolving one.
Heinlein suggests this (among many other ideas just tossed out there) when they are forming the lunar government in The Moon is a Harsh Mistress.
That doesn't prevent the passage of laws, it just requires a supermajority of 60% to pass, which, if the legislation is heavily controversial, sounds like a good idea to me. Prevent the whole 51% dictating to 49% thing.
Not that different from needing a supermajority to override a presidential veto really, except it works even if the president is of the 51% Just one more check.
I was listening to an old episode of 2000 Ans D'Histoire where he was discussing l'Affaire Farewell.
The researcher he was interviewing noted that the upshot for the Americans at the time was that apart from needing to engage on a campaign of disinformation and sabotage to mitigate the damage, the scope of the Russian theft of technology and science from government and private research in the West indicated how hopelessly behind the USSR was.
And that, the course of action at that point would be to push the USSR over the edge through expenditure of resources.
His argument was that Farewell's revelations triggered the Americans to come up with Star Wars as a ploy to force the Russians to pour scant resources of their already disfunctional system into space weapons technology and into producing enough missiles to overwhelm the theoretical American system. So, this being a French program, he was suggesting that Farewell in a sense led to the eventual victory of the West in the Cold War.
What I got from it was that Star Wars might have been provocative and probably not workable, but it may well have had a legitimate strategy behind it. Reagan could have been selling an idea proposed by those who had studied the fallout from Farewell.
There were no unencumbered jpeg formats w/ an alpha channel out at that time. Certainly nothing available in a browser. There's some hope now, but not a lot of progress.
MNG had feature creep, but that's why there was MNG-lc and MNG-vlc. Which was successfully integrated into Firefox as a drop-in replacement for libpng.
APNG is fortunately slowly being picked up. Maybe it'll even someday get accepted despite the mistakes it made and the division caused. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APNG#History
It's sad we lost like 12+ years due to some egos back then tho.
I think JNG would have been a bigger selling point. APNG doesn't offer much on its own. Heck, I'm better off just using a javascript to animate a PNG sprite sheet in terms of browser support. Also, MNG was already out there with existing implementations. APNG had to start from scratch.
To summarise, I think APNG took some slow progress at replacing GIF w/ MNG and extending PNG to lossy images, completely squashed it, removed features, caused a bunch of division in the community, and then was all surprised at the loss of progress.
Well, MNG might have had more traction if Firefox had kept support. Even for the "light" version of MNG. Initially the accusation was that MNG took up too much space in Firefox (entire kilobytes more!) amusing in this age of slapping in megabytes of libs for the latest camera/microphone HTML5 support. Anyway, the MNG guys went and stripped down libmng (minimal support) so that there was no increase in resulting size.
At that point, the reason changed to concerns about security. Which, is reasonable I guess, although I'd again point to all the libs they are just slapping in.
MNG had a lot of potential. There was the JNG - can you believe that over a decade ago we had browsers with lossy images with alpha channel?
Personally I think it was the fact that the people who were most active in killing off https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=18574 were those who had created APNG. I'd be fine w/ APNG even with the less efficient animation frames if only they hadn't killed off JNG to get it:(
Amusingly, I've the opposite experience. USPS carriers, ridiculously incompetent. I'm routinely carrying letters over to neighbours, sometimes several streets over, despite clearly marked, usually typed, addresses.
Then there's stuff that just never arrives, like Netflix.
By contrast, if I want something absolutely positively to arrive, such as a document that needs a signature, I'm going to use UPS.
For a mortgage payment... that should all be done online nowdays. Providing remote communities with some public terminals should be way cheaper than maintaining USPS.
Just for the heck of it, although you'd hope actual costs of a full system could be lower...
Shipping a 10 pound package from Washington, DC to Aleknagik, Alaska using UPS which is presumably seeking to turn a profit on this, costs $90.45
10 pounds would be ~160 letters.
That's 56 cents a letter for a bulk delivery. That's really not that bad.
Now I'm assuming costs might be lower if UPS and FedEx went into general mass delivery, although, who knows, maybe UPS piggybacks an a USPS plane or something to get to Aleknagik.
IMO though, it isn't the end of the world if USPS shuts down most of their operations, I think we have enough alternatives these days, which is the other reason they've been losing money.
There is a rate/frequency/location at which it *is* profitable to send them mail though, and it is probably not cost prohibitive. Esp nowdays when automated systems for assisting delivery might actually be practical for truly remote areas.
If all the letters for middle-of-nowhere were collected and sent out once a week, and they cost $2 to send there instead of 32 cents or whatevertheheckthepostofficeispayingdunnohaventuseditinyears and maybe you had to drive 20 miles to the post office instead of 10 miles...
Well, just saying, it is doable, and unlike pony express days, transportation and processing is cheaper and more automated. Who knows, maybe drones might be a practical delivery mechanism for areas where air mail is still the way to go:)
Well, I was trying to think of a system that would allow reduced cost of actual physical delivery, especially to rural areas. I'm a huge fan of online billpay and such, but most systems nowdays are for eliminating the need for *you* to send a physical letter.
Unfortunately there are still quite a few people who feel the need to send me things physically.
I'll admit implementation is tricky, but postal service already has automated sorting and scanning. But. Ok. Opening it might only be practical if there was a way to easily tell if the dimensions and contents were standard.
Oh well, was just 5 minutes of off-the-cuff speculation. But surely there's a way to avoid actually delivering all that stuff that gets to me that I didn't actually want. I suppose that if prices to rural areas went up, people might just naturally opt to use faxes or scans without the need for a centralised system:)
*sigh* On another note, when is slashdot going to reliably support UTF-8:( And yes, I know there's *some* potential for abuse. Use a whitelist or a blacklist against the BMP if you feel it is necessary. Maybe just ban the mirroring char.
In terms of implementation of a "scan the mail instead of delivering it system" 1) Mail goes to central sorting 2) If you're an opt-in-to-scanning address, front of letter is scanned, image is sent to your electronic inbox 3) In your inbox, you then click "open" which triggers cutting it open and scanning it. At this point, if you still want it physically, it can be resealed/dropped into a new envelope, possibly w/ a 5Â nuisance charge or something.
Any letters where the person does not "collect" within 24 hours get sent on physically. Any letters not delivered physically the recipient gets an incentive credit, say, 5Â - although probably the real incentive would be convenience.
All letters sent by scan get shredded after the scan is accepted.
If you're in a remote area, maybe you'd just have to accept mail service that only came by once a week, and maybe only to centralised postal locations. And maybe you'd also have to accept that anyone who wanted to send you mail might have to pay a bit more for it.
For other areas, why are they proposing dropping Saturday delivery. That means 2 days without mail. Why not drop Wednesday?
Perhaps you could subscribe to a service where a completely automated system could open the original mail, scan it, and allow you to accept an electronic copy instead, for a credit. If you still wanted/needed it delivered, it could reseal it. That might admittedly be complex to implement in a private fashion, but, I suspect people even in non-rural areas might be excited to have scans instead, so it might pay for itself.
Dunno. Maybe some areas will never be profitable for non-electronic delivery of cheap (say, $1) mail. People living in those areas might just have to accept that paying more for physical delivery of mail is a side effect of living there.
In this case though, the main reason the Postal Service is running out of money is their retirement plan.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axlotl_tank#Axlotl_tank Later in Heretics, Teg's own daughter, Reverend Mother Darwi Odrade, theorizes that the axlotl tanks may be, in fact, "surrogate mothers" â" Tleilaxu females somehow transformed.[13] Soon, the current Duncan ghola recalls his repeated "births" from the tanks:
The axlotl tanks! He remembered emerging time after time: bright lights and padded mechanical hands. The hands rotated him and, in the unfocused blurs of the newborn, he saw a great mound of female flesh â" monstrous in her almost immobile grossness... a maze of dark tubes linked her body to giant metal containers.
If you checked out the demos, such as bananabread, emscripten is fully capable of doing javascript threading. That is, any work that does not need DOM access can be done on background threads. The "freezing" and "time slicing" are not particularly interesting objections. Any application that has to interact with the DOM has the same issue, which is why JavaScript hasn't solved it on the main thread, apart from the perfectly reasonable approach of event based code. And yes, this means using setTimeout and requestAnimationFrame on the main thread. Big deal.
The objection to highlevel language? Really not interesting. Might as well apply that to perl, python, ruby even java has a runtime JIT for its bytecode, and while I don't know much about "portable" NaCL, I imagine it does too.
JavaScript JITs are not a significant portion of the program's overhead. You may be able to do better in NaCL but at the loss of browser support, cross-platform support, integration into the whole universe of existing JavaScript, extensibility by other scripts/addons and even readability (yes, I've read through emscripten generated code when debugging. not high on readability, but certainly higher than assembly).
I don't see any limitations there really in how they are applying it. Demos that work on IE, Opera, Firefox, Chrome, Safari on any chip type.
I don't see a need for pnacl.
Even last year azakai was reporting emscripten output was running at 2x to 3x of optimised C.
There's a few things I guess it'd be nice if emscripten had like native 64 bit integers, but there's a Firefox bug on adding that to javascript w/ actual patches, so I imagine it'll get added to all the other browsers eventually.
Slashdot Mirror
Indeed, that iPhone behaviour was very irritating to me when I was travelling, and borrowed my SO's 1st gen iphone to connect to my home server to check e-mail. There was no way whatsoever to inspect the certificate, so I just had to hope the people running the network weren't evil.
Now I have an Android phone of my own, and can just run Firefox on it (love the Sync feature - saves so much time on moving browsing session from computer to phone, and when entering passwords).
That seemed so obvious that I interpreted him as referring to:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Sockets_Layer#Client-authenticated_TLS_handshake
You don't need client side certificates to be sure in a normal situation that your traffic isn't being hijacked by the ISP.
You only need confidence that the CAs aren't issuing certs for the site you are connecting to, which is why when TURKTRUST issued a cert for google it was Big Deal.
In this case, they are using preinstalled certs on the local browsers to perform MITM when connecting to supposedly secure sites, such as your bank.
Some workplaces do this sort of cert preinstallation to allow snooping on SSL traffic passing through their proxies. Obviously same solution as with Nokia. If you don't like your private information passing in the clear through some random server controlled by your ISP or employer, quit.
http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/3074/why-arent-two-by-fours-two-inches-by-four-inches
Well, the lead is 11.34 times as dense as the water. So, yes, if you need 18 times as much water, then you need 1.59x as much water than you would lead, so presumably in the end, only 11.3 Saturn Vs for your lead spaceship.
On the other hand, can get water from plenty of comets out there, or a moon or two. Lead could be tricky. Not sure if saving on fuel matters that much. Water seems prettier too, and has other uses for humans as well :)
Not to mention the mass of the propellant, much less the nuclear fuel. And then there'd be the need for another 18 Saturn Vs for braking.
Unless, there's some orbit that could be managed using minimal fuel that passes both Mars and Earth regularly? :)
Then it would be "All-aboard the water bubble Mars-Earth express!" You'd only need to accelerate it once, and reuse it an unlimited number of times.
Er. 17k tonnes of fuel (that's what I get for putting a k in there). :-/
Thaaaat's not so good. That's almost 9 Saturn V rockets worth
Also:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_shielding#Shielding_design
Seems to suggest an 18:1 ratio. So, 33 metres of water, 590k tonnes of water, and almost 37k tonnes of fuel.
So, 18 Saturn Vs...
Cool. So the spaceship would be more of a small planet?
I mean, if they feel it would require 6 feet of lead, that would be 72 feet of water by your ratio.
22 metres of water. Assuming a spherical spaceship, with a living space of, oh, 20 metres in diametre (yes, just a WAG, I looked around, I couldn't find any estimates for transit vehicle sizes in various proposals like Mars One), that would be:
4/3*pi*42^3 - 4/3*pi*20^3 or 277k cubic metres of water, therefore 277k tonnes of water.
So, Wikipedia helpfully offers this calculation:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecraft_propulsion#Power_to_thrust_ratio
Of 620kg of fuel mass to push a 10 tonne spacecraft. That presumably means a 277k tonne spacecraft would require 17 tonnes of fuel, not including the mass of the living quarters, nuclear power plant, thrusters, whatever... Maybe 20 tonnes of fuel?
That doesn't sound that horrible actually.
And we get a pretty pool too! Maybe it'd even sparkle with the lights off from high energy particles crashing into it. Just don't dive too far down, or you'd get irradiated as well as run out of air? :)
Requiring even a 90% threshold to pass a law, a supermajority, is still democratic. Everyone gets a voice. It just requires more people to agree before imposing something on everyone.
IMO there should be a higher threshold to passing a law, than there is for dissolving one.
Heinlein suggests this (among many other ideas just tossed out there) when they are forming the lunar government in The Moon is a Harsh Mistress.
Neat story. Decided to DDG for a bit more detail.
http://www.npr.org/blogs/krulwich/2011/10/03/140815154/dissolve-my-nobel-prize-fast-a-true-story
That doesn't prevent the passage of laws, it just requires a supermajority of 60% to pass, which, if the legislation is heavily controversial, sounds like a good idea to me. Prevent the whole 51% dictating to 49% thing.
Not that different from needing a supermajority to override a presidential veto really, except it works even if the president is of the 51%
Just one more check.
I was listening to an old episode of 2000 Ans D'Histoire where he was discussing l'Affaire Farewell.
The researcher he was interviewing noted that the upshot for the Americans at the time was that apart from needing to engage on a campaign of disinformation and sabotage to mitigate the damage, the scope of the Russian theft of technology and science from government and private research in the West indicated how hopelessly behind the USSR was.
And that, the course of action at that point would be to push the USSR over the edge through expenditure of resources.
His argument was that Farewell's revelations triggered the Americans to come up with Star Wars as a ploy to force the Russians to pour scant resources of their already disfunctional system into space weapons technology and into producing enough missiles to overwhelm the theoretical American system. So, this being a French program, he was suggesting that Farewell in a sense led to the eventual victory of the West in the Cold War.
What I got from it was that Star Wars might have been provocative and probably not workable, but it may well have had a legitimate strategy behind it. Reagan could have been selling an idea proposed by those who had studied the fallout from Farewell.
There were no unencumbered jpeg formats w/ an alpha channel out at that time.
Certainly nothing available in a browser.
There's some hope now, but not a lot of progress.
MNG had feature creep, but that's why there was MNG-lc and MNG-vlc.
Which was successfully integrated into Firefox as a drop-in replacement for libpng.
APNG is fortunately slowly being picked up. Maybe it'll even someday get accepted despite the mistakes it made and the division caused.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APNG#History
It's sad we lost like 12+ years due to some egos back then tho.
Oh well. Whatever.
I think JNG would have been a bigger selling point.
APNG doesn't offer much on its own. Heck, I'm better off just using a javascript to animate a PNG sprite sheet in terms of browser support. Also, MNG was already out there with existing implementations. APNG had to start from scratch.
To summarise, I think APNG took some slow progress at replacing GIF w/ MNG and extending PNG to lossy images, completely squashed it, removed features, caused a bunch of division in the community, and then was all surprised at the loss of progress.
Well, MNG might have had more traction if Firefox had kept support. Even for the "light" version of MNG.
Initially the accusation was that MNG took up too much space in Firefox (entire kilobytes more!) amusing in this age of slapping in megabytes of libs for the latest camera/microphone HTML5 support.
Anyway, the MNG guys went and stripped down libmng (minimal support) so that there was no increase in resulting size.
At that point, the reason changed to concerns about security. Which, is reasonable I guess, although I'd again point to all the libs they are just slapping in.
MNG had a lot of potential. There was the JNG - can you believe that over a decade ago we had browsers with lossy images with alpha channel?
Personally I think it was the fact that the people who were most active in killing off https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=18574 were those who had created APNG. :(
I'd be fine w/ APNG even with the less efficient animation frames if only they hadn't killed off JNG to get it
Amusingly, I've the opposite experience.
USPS carriers, ridiculously incompetent.
I'm routinely carrying letters over to neighbours, sometimes several streets over, despite clearly marked, usually typed, addresses.
Then there's stuff that just never arrives, like Netflix.
By contrast, if I want something absolutely positively to arrive, such as a document that needs a signature, I'm going to use UPS.
For a mortgage payment... that should all be done online nowdays. Providing remote communities with some public terminals should be way cheaper than maintaining USPS.
Just for the heck of it, although you'd hope actual costs of a full system could be lower...
Shipping a 10 pound package from Washington, DC to Aleknagik, Alaska using UPS which is presumably seeking to turn a profit on this, costs $90.45
10 pounds would be ~160 letters.
That's 56 cents a letter for a bulk delivery.
That's really not that bad.
Now I'm assuming costs might be lower if UPS and FedEx went into general mass delivery, although, who knows, maybe UPS piggybacks an a USPS plane or something to get to Aleknagik.
IMO though, it isn't the end of the world if USPS shuts down most of their operations, I think we have enough alternatives these days, which is the other reason they've been losing money.
There is a rate/frequency/location at which it *is* profitable to send them mail though, and it is probably not cost prohibitive. Esp nowdays when automated systems for assisting delivery might actually be practical for truly remote areas.
If all the letters for middle-of-nowhere were collected and sent out once a week, and they cost $2 to send there instead of 32 cents or whatevertheheckthepostofficeispayingdunnohaventuseditinyears and maybe you had to drive 20 miles to the post office instead of 10 miles...
Well, just saying, it is doable, and unlike pony express days, transportation and processing is cheaper and more automated. Who knows, maybe drones might be a practical delivery mechanism for areas where air mail is still the way to go :)
Well, I was trying to think of a system that would allow reduced cost of actual physical delivery, especially to rural areas.
I'm a huge fan of online billpay and such, but most systems nowdays are for eliminating the need for *you* to send a physical letter.
Unfortunately there are still quite a few people who feel the need to send me things physically.
I'll admit implementation is tricky, but postal service already has automated sorting and scanning. But. Ok. Opening it might only be practical if there was a way to easily tell if the dimensions and contents were standard.
Oh well, was just 5 minutes of off-the-cuff speculation. But surely there's a way to avoid actually delivering all that stuff that gets to me that I didn't actually want. I suppose that if prices to rural areas went up, people might just naturally opt to use faxes or scans without the need for a centralised system :)
*sigh* On another note, when is slashdot going to reliably support UTF-8 :(
And yes, I know there's *some* potential for abuse. Use a whitelist or a blacklist against the BMP if you feel it is necessary. Maybe just ban the mirroring char.
In terms of implementation of a "scan the mail instead of delivering it system"
1) Mail goes to central sorting
2) If you're an opt-in-to-scanning address, front of letter is scanned, image is sent to your electronic inbox
3) In your inbox, you then click "open" which triggers cutting it open and scanning it. At this point, if you still want it physically, it can be resealed/dropped into a new envelope, possibly w/ a 5Â nuisance charge or something.
Any letters where the person does not "collect" within 24 hours get sent on physically. Any letters not delivered physically the recipient gets an incentive credit, say, 5Â - although probably the real incentive would be convenience.
All letters sent by scan get shredded after the scan is accepted.
If you're in a remote area, maybe you'd just have to accept mail service that only came by once a week, and maybe only to centralised postal locations.
And maybe you'd also have to accept that anyone who wanted to send you mail might have to pay a bit more for it.
For other areas, why are they proposing dropping Saturday delivery. That means 2 days without mail. Why not drop Wednesday?
Perhaps you could subscribe to a service where a completely automated system could open the original mail, scan it, and allow you to accept an electronic copy instead, for a credit. If you still wanted/needed it delivered, it could reseal it.
That might admittedly be complex to implement in a private fashion, but, I suspect people even in non-rural areas might be excited to have scans instead, so it might pay for itself.
Dunno. Maybe some areas will never be profitable for non-electronic delivery of cheap (say, $1) mail. People living in those areas might just have to accept that paying more for physical delivery of mail is a side effect of living there.
In this case though, the main reason the Postal Service is running out of money is their retirement plan.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axlotl_tank#Axlotl_tank
Later in Heretics, Teg's own daughter, Reverend Mother Darwi Odrade, theorizes that the axlotl tanks may be, in fact, "surrogate mothers" â" Tleilaxu females somehow transformed.[13] Soon, the current Duncan ghola recalls his repeated "births" from the tanks:
The axlotl tanks! He remembered emerging time after time: bright lights and padded mechanical hands. The hands rotated him and, in the unfocused blurs of the newborn, he saw a great mound of female flesh â" monstrous in her almost immobile grossness ... a maze of dark tubes linked her body to giant metal containers.
Just being a Dune series pedant.
If you checked out the demos, such as bananabread, emscripten is fully capable of doing javascript threading.
That is, any work that does not need DOM access can be done on background threads.
The "freezing" and "time slicing" are not particularly interesting objections. Any application that has to interact with the DOM has the same issue, which is why JavaScript hasn't solved it on the main thread, apart from the perfectly reasonable approach of event based code. And yes, this means using setTimeout and requestAnimationFrame on the main thread. Big deal.
The objection to highlevel language? Really not interesting. Might as well apply that to perl, python, ruby even java has a runtime JIT for its bytecode, and while I don't know much about "portable" NaCL, I imagine it does too.
JavaScript JITs are not a significant portion of the program's overhead. You may be able to do better in NaCL but at the loss of browser support, cross-platform support, integration into the whole universe of existing JavaScript, extensibility by other scripts/addons and even readability (yes, I've read through emscripten generated code when debugging. not high on readability, but certainly higher than assembly).
https://github.com/kripken/emscripten/wiki#wiki-body
I don't see any limitations there really in how they are applying it. Demos that work on IE, Opera, Firefox, Chrome, Safari on any chip type.
I don't see a need for pnacl.
Even last year azakai was reporting emscripten output was running at 2x to 3x of optimised C.
There's a few things I guess it'd be nice if emscripten had like native 64 bit integers, but there's a Firefox bug on adding that to javascript w/ actual patches, so I imagine it'll get added to all the other browsers eventually.