Once you have isolated the DNA (you know the stuff that carries the genome), the decoding principle is the same. Since a virus is less complex than a bacterium, it's probably easier to isolate DNA from virii. Furthermore a virus generally contains a much shorter genome than a bacterium.
Actually, extracting DNA from bacteria isn't all the difficult. In fact, in my science class today we extracted DNA from mushrooms. Here's how it's done, roughly:
The mushroom is put in a blender with concentrated salt water. This spreads apart the cells, and breaks some of their cell walls.
The resulting liquid is mixed with meat tenderizer, and more importantly pineapple juice with papaya fruit. Mix for at least five minutes. The fruit contains enzymes which break up the cell walls.
A teaspoon of isopropyl alcohol is mixed and the solution is slowly stirred.
Bubbles should surface - these are attached to the strands of DNA! Note, however, that DNA is transparent and colorless.
A similar procedure is used to extract DNA in a scientific lab. Interesting stuff.
See Y. Pestis Functional Classification - it has a list of what all the genes in the Bubonic Plague bacterium do. Very heavy stuff..here's a short excerpt:
If you're a biologist or just curious you should definitely check this out. I wish I had this kind of info when I did a report on the Black Plague in High School!
Although the Hanta virus is quite rare as the article you linked to pointed out, it is still possible to get. In fact, my science teacher once contracted the disease from dried mouse urine.
It's interesting to note that 0.26 amps is about triple what it takes to kill a person.
According to an employee safety newsletter as well as OSHA, 16mA is the maxiumum current you can grasp and let go. However, high currents cause the skin resistance which is normally 10K when wet, 1K when dry, to drop to a lethal 200 ohm. This causes even more current to flow. At 100mA, ventricular fibrillation occurs, which is needless to say extremely lethal.
I have no idea what the original intent was, but Knuth says let's drop the hyphen. I have to agree with him. Think of how much time you would save by typing it email instead of e-mail. History shows language evolves to the point where the hyphen is omitted reguarly. Whens the last time you saw "main-frame" or "soft-boot"? Mainframe and softboot are the prefered forms, and for a good reason.
Do they still make ISA voltage regulator cards that can
reg -12v down to -5v?
You're looking for a 7905 regulator, provided the card does not require more than 1A. These regulators are quite common LSI devices used in hobbyist electronics, they can be found at Radio Shack. Several firms manufacturer 7905's, here are some datasheets:
Installation is relatively simple. Pin 1 connects to ground, pin 2 to -12V, and pin 3 to the -5V line (this is the output). 7905's are often in a TO-220 package which allows you to screw on a heatsink if needed. Be sure to apply thermal grease to increase heat conductivity.
Slashdot Mirror
A similar procedure is used to extract DNA in a scientific lab. Interesting stuff.
1 Small molecule metabolism
- 1.A Degradation
[18]
- 1.A.1 Carbon compounds
[66]
- 1.A.2 Amino acids
[23]
- 1.B Energy metabolism
- 1.B.1 Glycolysis
[12]
- 1.B.10 Glyoxylate bypass
[3]
- 1.B.2 Pyruvate dehydrogenase
[4]
- 1.B.3 Tricarboxylic acid cycle
[15]
- 1.B.5 Pentose phosphate pathway
[3]
- 1.B.5.a Oxidative branch
- 1.B.5.b Non-oxidative branch
[4]
- 1.B.6 Entner-Doudoroff pathway
[2]
If you're a biologist or just curious you should definitely check this out. I wish I had this kind of info when I did a report on the Black Plague in High School!Although the Hanta virus is quite rare as the article you linked to pointed out, it is still possible to get. In fact, my science teacher once contracted the disease from dried mouse urine.
These are the standard DTMF (Dual Tone Modulated Frequency) frequencies are:
1209Hz 1336Hz 1477Hz 1633Hz
697Hz 1 2 3 A (Flash override)
770Hz 4 5 6 B (Flash)
852Hz 7 8 9 C (Immediate)
941Hz * zero # D (Priority)
It's interesting to note that A-D, * and # where not copyrighted, although they are used in telecommunication repeaters.
According to an employee safety newsletter as well as OSHA, 16mA is the maxiumum current you can grasp and let go. However, high currents cause the skin resistance which is normally 10K when wet, 1K when dry, to drop to a lethal 200 ohm. This causes even more current to flow. At 100mA, ventricular fibrillation occurs, which is needless to say extremely lethal.
I have no idea what the original intent was, but Knuth says let's drop the hyphen. I have to agree with him. Think of how much time you would save by typing it email instead of e-mail. History shows language evolves to the point where the hyphen is omitted reguarly. Whens the last time you saw "main-frame" or "soft-boot"? Mainframe and softboot are the prefered forms, and for a good reason.
You are correct. The resistivities of common metals at room temperature:
s istance.html
Element Electrical resistivity (microohm-cm)
Silver 1.586
Copper 1.678
Gold 2.24
Aluminum 2.655
Platinum 10.5
Source: http://www.epanorama.net/documents/wiring/wire_re
Do they still make ISA voltage regulator cards that can reg -12v down to -5v?
You're looking for a 7905 regulator, provided the card does not require more than 1A. These regulators are quite common LSI devices used in hobbyist electronics, they can be found at Radio Shack. Several firms manufacturer 7905's, here are some datasheets:- Fairchild
- Micrel
- Microsemi
Installation is relatively simple. Pin 1 connects to ground, pin 2 to -12V, and pin 3 to the -5V line (this is the output). 7905's are often in a TO-220 package which allows you to screw on a heatsink if needed. Be sure to apply thermal grease to increase heat conductivity.