The ones I know are for another exchange Eurex/Xetra but the principles are broadly the same.
The key point is there are two communications paths through the system, one is for synchronous messages which is everything where the user is awaiting an immediate response such as entering an order and there are asynchronous transactions which are asynch with respect to the user communications path, i.e., they can wait. The art is to minimise what goes into the synch path.
The basics are a per product list of buy and sell orders in price order. This is searched through synchronously everytime an order is added. If a match occurs with the new order then there is a trade. The user who placed the matching order is informed immediately whilst the user order who was in the list already is informed asynchronously as are the other market participants via some kind of multicast. An order that doesn't match is either rejected or added in the appropriate position in the list depending on the restriction codes.
The above must happen a) reliably and b) extremely fast. The matched trades may then be fed onwards asynchronously to a database but that is all.
The problem is that an issuer can't go direct to a multilateral trading facility like Chi-X or or Turquoise). They must go to a regulated market like the LSE or Xetra for a primary listing.
Um, no. If you put the real time stuff in a database in a high-volume, western exchange, you are sir, on crack!!!
Yes, databases get used but not for the order books. They happen elsewhere on the transaction chain and not synchronous to it because they aren't fast enough.
Arbitrage is important but these days on a major market like LSE, it is less so than algorithmic trading (i.e., VWAP or TWAP). This is where you deliberately split a large order into multiple smaller orders so it does not affect the market price too much. As according to MiFID, brokers should have connectivity to multiple exchanges where you need to sniff out hidden liquidity and execute orders where the price is the best. This means really low latency and exchange proximity services. Proximity services don't really help arbitrageurs because you can only be close to one exchange.
WTF did a moderator mark this as flamebait? The poster was right, HA is a) hard and b) expensive.
I designed some of the HA stuff many years ago for Eurex. We used OpenVMS and had two clusters (over 40Km apart) for the main and standby with the standby system also being used for development with a flick of a switch the standby cluster could take over in production. We had no SANs in those days but used Digital's Hierarchical Storage Controllers. These days it runs with SANs but the host systems still run VMS and there are now product specific clusters.
The next level down there are access points containing communications servers providing connectivity to member systems and routing to the hosts which are scattered around the globe. A member normally has connectivity to two access points. The only single point of failure for a member is where both lines come together for the last few metres into their building and some idiot digs a hole in the road.
Bad example. In anything other than a Mom & Pop bank, The cash system should walk the teller through the process informing the teller that a reporting limit has been breached and walking them through the correct reporting forms. You don't leave things that could cost you a massive fine to teller discretion.
I thought that even if you running your own business and it was a scale enough to live off, you were still obliged to track income and expenditure with something better than just receipts otherwise you couldn't be audited. Mind you that usually meant handing the shoe box of receipts to the book-keeper to fix.
Hit the nail on the head. Free as in beer software existed before the GPL, for example BSD. The issue was that the code would get recycled as proprietary binaries. The GPL fixed that.
Come to Germany, land of the 50%+ higher-rate tax. If you have a cash business, you are laughing (not much credit-card use there). If you do not skim, the tax authority (Finanzamt) assumes you are so you should always claim for something questionable, which they can refute.
Come to Oktoberfest where cash is king. It is theoretically possible to to make 50,000 Euros over three weeks as a waiter/waitress, paying tax on perhaps 10,000 Euros. Many people working the Oktoberfest do not do anything else the whole year! The tax authority turns a blind eye to most of the goings on because they are still making a fortune out of the other, mostly non-cash businesses such as hotels and they need the people to work the fest (it is exceptionally hard work).
No tax evasion is less of a crime than a national past-time in Italy with everyone from Berlusconi downwards up to it. Cash registers would not fix the issue!!!!
Exchange & LoNo servers have substantially more downtime than GMail. GMail is faster an d they have fewer issues with large Mailboxes. Google Calendar is great too.
As for the SLA, well if you choose to pay Google for their corporate service, that risk can be mitigated. Their free service is much better than many companies' in house services.
As for secrecy, well if you are Yahoo, Al Quaeda or the KGB, it probably isn't the service for you but PGP/GPG on top of GMail works fine.
I used to work in the south of Amsterdam something like about 3-4 metres below sea level (and apart from a lot of rain, it was dry). There are no hurricanes in the Netherlands but there are some very bad storms. The Dutch are however some of the worlds best hydrological engineers so I really wasn't that worried. There have been incidents in the past but remarkably few.
Back on topic, do the Dutch take any special precautions for their data centres. Well they do geographically disperse them (i.e., Amsterdam North and South). That is all.
First of all, many terrorists have names in a non-Latin alphabet. There are multiple ways to transcribe Arabic and Cyrillic letters to the Latin alphabet.
Funnily enough there is a lot of software around to do this and not all of it by the CIA. Since the unPatriotic act (actually before it) banks have been supposed to ID check new account holders.
As far as the other data is concerned, often watch lists contain poor data, and passports may contain inexact data (Chinese gymnasts' DOBs, anyone). You need to have a scoring match, i.e. if the name sort-of matches and the age is within 2 yrs and place of birth is a similar sounding town in the right country, and then flag for a human to review. If there is a positive match using approximation, you really do need a trained person to make any final decision.
Actually astrophysicists refer to the gas coming into a proto-star as "loose" not the stuff that has been gravitationally compressed and heated to the point of fusion. I suggest you should do a bit more studying.
Its one of the most interesting educational projects in modern science that isn't illegal (yet).
Great sentiment but I can see this changing, very quickly when the DHS realises that you have a fusion reactor in your dorm-room/basement. They will get nervous even if the reaction is non self-sustaining. In any case, those neutrons are dangerous, aren't they?
Big science tends to be towards politics and fashion. If you want a $100mil you had better be able to carry the politics and convince enough of your colleagues that this is the fashionable solution. If you try and go against the $100mil solution, you risk being unfashionable and miss funding, because nobody wants to turn around and say that the $100mil is not necessary. That's where nuclear physics meets psychology, particularly cognitive dissonance.
I don't think you can call the gasses in the solar core loose. There are also some pretty awesome magnetohydrodynamics involved. In the end almost every high-energy photon produced will spend a looong time bouncing around the core (I've heard estimates of up to 50 million years) being absorbed and re-emitted ensuring that much of the energy stays in the core.
Actually it is that last bit that probably does it, the large quantity of emitted energy that ends up being recycled to maintain the reaction. That is the difficult bit with a Farnsworth Fusor
Sorry, "White" refers to the authenticity of their identity rather than their racial origins (all of Middle Eastern descent).
Now the difference would be that visits to Pakistan may trigger a red flag for a person of non-Pakistani origin when they come to the US. There are legitimate religious schools in Pakistan that a non-Pakistani resident in the west may want to visit but there also seem to have been terrorist training camps.
Of course, what this means in reality is that now it is a good idea to travel to Pakistan or wherever on the fake passport and then travel to the US on the good one. Your clean identity stays white, untainted by terrorist affiliations.
Where did you here that? I understand that all the hijackers were 'white' travelling on their own non-terrorist identities. Yes, some had been flagged as suspicious (Mohammed Atta, I believe) by the Germans but this was ignored.
Remember that the British 7/7 bombers were British. the only possible red flag was the visit to Pakistan, but many do that legitimately.
Many ATMs do this in Europe, they take the fact that you have a non-local card and either offer you a menu in the country of origin or offer you a choice. I have taken a German ATM card to the UK and the ATM switched to German automatically.
The D820 had a discrete graphics card but the D830 has an NVIDA chip embedded. As the D830 uses a cooler chipset, it only has a single fan so when that gets clogged, you will get problems quickly and probably cook the GPU (NV140m) requiring motherboard replacement.
Slashdot Mirror
The ones I know are for another exchange Eurex/Xetra but the principles are broadly the same.
The key point is there are two communications paths through the system, one is for synchronous messages which is everything where the user is awaiting an immediate response such as entering an order and there are asynchronous transactions which are asynch with respect to the user communications path, i.e., they can wait. The art is to minimise what goes into the synch path.
The basics are a per product list of buy and sell orders in price order. This is searched through synchronously everytime an order is added. If a match occurs with the new order then there is a trade. The user who placed the matching order is informed immediately whilst the user order who was in the list already is informed asynchronously as are the other market participants via some kind of multicast. An order that doesn't match is either rejected or added in the appropriate position in the list depending on the restriction codes.
The above must happen a) reliably and b) extremely fast. The matched trades may then be fed onwards asynchronously to a database but that is all.
The problem is that an issuer can't go direct to a multilateral trading facility like Chi-X or or Turquoise). They must go to a regulated market like the LSE or Xetra for a primary listing.
They (Accenture) also developed the first implementations of Eurex & Xetra. They worked but had to be substantially rewritten before volume ramped up.
Um, no. If you put the real time stuff in a database in a high-volume, western exchange, you are sir, on crack!!!
Yes, databases get used but not for the order books. They happen elsewhere on the transaction chain and not synchronous to it because they aren't fast enough.
Arbitrage is important but these days on a major market like LSE, it is less so than algorithmic trading (i.e., VWAP or TWAP). This is where you deliberately split a large order into multiple smaller orders so it does not affect the market price too much. As according to MiFID, brokers should have connectivity to multiple exchanges where you need to sniff out hidden liquidity and execute orders where the price is the best. This means really low latency and exchange proximity services. Proximity services don't really help arbitrageurs because you can only be close to one exchange.
WTF did a moderator mark this as flamebait? The poster was right, HA is a) hard and b) expensive.
I designed some of the HA stuff many years ago for Eurex. We used OpenVMS and had two clusters (over 40Km apart) for the main and standby with the standby system also being used for development with a flick of a switch the standby cluster could take over in production. We had no SANs in those days but used Digital's Hierarchical Storage Controllers. These days it runs with SANs but the host systems still run VMS and there are now product specific clusters.
The next level down there are access points containing communications servers providing connectivity to member systems and routing to the hosts which are scattered around the globe. A member normally has connectivity to two access points. The only single point of failure for a member is where both lines come together for the last few metres into their building and some idiot digs a hole in the road.
Who is your ISP? I don't get so many problems on freenet but I block most ads.
Bad example. In anything other than a Mom & Pop bank, The cash system should walk the teller through the process informing the teller that a reporting limit has been breached and walking them through the correct reporting forms. You don't leave things that could cost you a massive fine to teller discretion.
I thought that even if you running your own business and it was a scale enough to live off, you were still obliged to track income and expenditure with something better than just receipts otherwise you couldn't be audited. Mind you that usually meant handing the shoe box of receipts to the book-keeper to fix.
Hit the nail on the head. Free as in beer software existed before the GPL, for example BSD. The issue was that the code would get recycled as proprietary binaries. The GPL fixed that.
Come to Germany, land of the 50%+ higher-rate tax. If you have a cash business, you are laughing (not much credit-card use there). If you do not skim, the tax authority (Finanzamt) assumes you are so you should always claim for something questionable, which they can refute.
Come to Oktoberfest where cash is king. It is theoretically possible to to make 50,000 Euros over three weeks as a waiter/waitress, paying tax on perhaps 10,000 Euros. Many people working the Oktoberfest do not do anything else the whole year! The tax authority turns a blind eye to most of the goings on because they are still making a fortune out of the other, mostly non-cash businesses such as hotels and they need the people to work the fest (it is exceptionally hard work).
If you have a business - you must keep some kind of books. You can pay someone to convert those scraps of paper into books but they must be kept.
No tax evasion is less of a crime than a national past-time in Italy with everyone from Berlusconi downwards up to it. Cash registers would not fix the issue!!!!
Exchange & LoNo servers have substantially more downtime than GMail. GMail is faster an d they have fewer issues with large Mailboxes. Google Calendar is great too.
As for the SLA, well if you choose to pay Google for their corporate service, that risk can be mitigated. Their free service is much better than many companies' in house services.
As for secrecy, well if you are Yahoo, Al Quaeda or the KGB, it probably isn't the service for you but PGP/GPG on top of GMail works fine.
I used to work in the south of Amsterdam something like about 3-4 metres below sea level (and apart from a lot of rain, it was dry). There are no hurricanes in the Netherlands but there are some very bad storms. The Dutch are however some of the worlds best hydrological engineers so I really wasn't that worried. There have been incidents in the past but remarkably few.
Back on topic, do the Dutch take any special precautions for their data centres. Well they do geographically disperse them (i.e., Amsterdam North and South). That is all.
First of all, many terrorists have names in a non-Latin alphabet. There are multiple ways to transcribe Arabic and Cyrillic letters to the Latin alphabet.
Funnily enough there is a lot of software around to do this and not all of it by the CIA. Since the unPatriotic act (actually before it) banks have been supposed to ID check new account holders.
As far as the other data is concerned, often watch lists contain poor data, and passports may contain inexact data (Chinese gymnasts' DOBs, anyone). You need to have a scoring match, i.e. if the name sort-of matches and the age is within 2 yrs and place of birth is a similar sounding town in the right country, and then flag for a human to review. If there is a positive match using approximation, you really do need a trained person to make any final decision.
Actually astrophysicists refer to the gas coming into a proto-star as "loose" not the stuff that has been gravitationally compressed and heated to the point of fusion. I suggest you should do a bit more studying.
Great sentiment but I can see this changing, very quickly when the DHS realises that you have a fusion reactor in your dorm-room/basement. They will get nervous even if the reaction is non self-sustaining. In any case, those neutrons are dangerous, aren't they?
Big science tends to be towards politics and fashion. If you want a $100mil you had better be able to carry the politics and convince enough of your colleagues that this is the fashionable solution. If you try and go against the $100mil solution, you risk being unfashionable and miss funding, because nobody wants to turn around and say that the $100mil is not necessary. That's where nuclear physics meets psychology, particularly cognitive dissonance.
I don't think you can call the gasses in the solar core loose. There are also some pretty awesome magnetohydrodynamics involved. In the end almost every high-energy photon produced will spend a looong time bouncing around the core (I've heard estimates of up to 50 million years) being absorbed and re-emitted ensuring that much of the energy stays in the core.
Actually it is that last bit that probably does it, the large quantity of emitted energy that ends up being recycled to maintain the reaction. That is the difficult bit with a Farnsworth Fusor
Sorry, "White" refers to the authenticity of their identity rather than their racial origins (all of Middle Eastern descent).
Now the difference would be that visits to Pakistan may trigger a red flag for a person of non-Pakistani origin when they come to the US. There are legitimate religious schools in Pakistan that a non-Pakistani resident in the west may want to visit but there also seem to have been terrorist training camps.
Of course, what this means in reality is that now it is a good idea to travel to Pakistan or wherever on the fake passport and then travel to the US on the good one. Your clean identity stays white, untainted by terrorist affiliations.
Where did you here that? I understand that all the hijackers were 'white' travelling on their own non-terrorist identities. Yes, some had been flagged as suspicious (Mohammed Atta, I believe) by the Germans but this was ignored.
Remember that the British 7/7 bombers were British. the only possible red flag was the visit to Pakistan, but many do that legitimately.
They might like to talk the banks concerned! Some of them (at least before the crisis) had rather more money than Amazon!
Many ATMs do this in Europe, they take the fact that you have a non-local card and either offer you a menu in the country of origin or offer you a choice. I have taken a German ATM card to the UK and the ATM switched to German automatically.
The D820 had a discrete graphics card but the D830 has an NVIDA chip embedded. As the D830 uses a cooler chipset, it only has a single fan so when that gets clogged, you will get problems quickly and probably cook the GPU (NV140m) requiring motherboard replacement.