Wrong question. The question was "Why be interested in Linux" for this RT application. I don't do real-time now, but many years ago I did and was acutely aware of interrupt latency, context switch times and the problems of priority inversion.
The Linux kernel has one thing going for it, and that is transparency and it is relatively easy to tailor down. XP isn't even on the same planet. CE could have been but losing the memory management goes back to the bad old days of RSX-11S where one misbehaved app can kill the system. This is why we used watchdogs. Interestingly enough, Dave Cutler wrote RSX-11S as well as the NT series of operating systems.
This is a real-time system with definite consequences if it goes wrong (dented fender?). A system that may lockup is out of the question. It is useful for others to know that Linux is available as a solution for control-applications.
I don't live in the US, I don't have to suffer 25% to 30% commercial time on TV. However your TV analogy is a good one. In any hour there may be 15-20 minutes of ads and 40 to 45 minutes of programs.
You by a Tivo or whatever and you can skip the ads and see back-to-back program. If the station increases their ad/content ratio, you still don't see the ads but the reception is slower.
Thunderbird may filter spam, but it is still cluttering up your mail server *and* your bandwidth. If you are on a slow/expensive link, say because you are travelling, then you really won't want the spam when you are on 2400 baud connection in the middle of central asia at a dollar a minute.
Yep, I agree about the bd admins/lusers and IE but it also comes down to companies (or employees) disposing of email addresses illegally and others making use of them.
A decent bit of metal and possibly polyethylene will help to handle radiation, at least to the level of the ISS. The 'shelter' in the ISS is in the hab module and also has things like water tanks as well around it.
The closest analogue to this would be the ISS, but as far as I know, it flies beneath the Van Allen belts. Outside the belt then the risk from charged particles increases a lot.
You would normally want to be in the Sun. You can see where you are going and what you are doing. Also as other posters have remarked, it wouldn't be so cold.
The problem is how much notice you get of a serious flare to get out of the way, (i.e, to the darkside or at least a shelter.
As you mention, overall the density remains static although local variations can happen. Ok, to make such a blanket statement was not correct but liquids are generally much less compressible than gasses. Experiments with the perflurobon liquid and rats have allowed simulated ascents from 1000 metres belowe sea-level to the surface without major problems. However the airway for rats isn't so good for fluid ingestion so some damage occurred.
You are only vested after a certain time period so in that period at least you have to consider it as European. In the cases where I have come across, once you are vested, you are expected to exercise your option. For those that are longer out, then you switch to an american model.
I would agree that valuing the ten year isn't easy. However, that isn't something that too many investors are interested in at the moment. It is teh next couple of years that are important.
Good point, but if liquids were as compressible as a gas, then hydraulics woudn't work so well!
The air-pressure/liquid pressure differential wouldn't have been that great. Please remember that the abode has a moon-pool. It is only the extra pressure as the diver goes down the trench to warn the aliens that counts.
Last thing is that the diver is not using sea-water. I seem to remember it is some kind of perfluoro-carbon. Certainly it has been used for premature-babies with success, but more pertinently for animals to simulate deep dives (to 1000 metres from sea-level and back). The ascent was much faster than normal but there were no signs of decompression sickness. The mouse did die later for other reasons which is why nobody is diving with it now.
I would agree that the process must be iterative, an options's value would have to be recalculated anyway as volatility changes and the risk free interest-rates. Normally though, you would be more interested in those options expring in the shorter term (up to two years out) as the 'expense' of an exercise is closer. B-S models are quite good over the shorter-term. Oh, B-S doesn't work so well for American-style options, usually you use Cox-Rubenstein (binomial) or similar. Most options as compensation schems have to be exercised at a particular time and not earlier, so that means European-style.
Don't do yourselves down. The "cloggies" seem to have a very large interest in salvage of large marine structures. When some major ship goes down, it is more often than not that a Dutch company is called to go fishing.
On the last point, a liquid isn't compressible in itself. The pressure as such is due to the large quantity of water around. The way this works is that if you take a litre of sea-water from ten metres down in a cosed container to the surface, it doesn't expand when it is opened. If you take a litre of gas at the surrounding water pressure from 10 metres down (as, for example, from SCUBA gear), it will double in volume at the surface.
What this means is that if you can replace all gas inside your body with liquid then you would have no problems. If you could somehow replace all that and assuming you have already purged dissolved gases from your blood (you have been breathing helium), then you would have no problems. OTOH, like you say, it would be difficult to get rid of all gases.
There are a lot of places where NAT or at least a chacheing proxy server is used. These will normally be identified as a single user. In reality there may have been many more, especially as a healthcare provider they are likely to get a lot of corporate hits.
Options generally come in two flavours, european-style which may only be exercised on expiry or american-style that can be exercised at any time. Most employee options are european-style. The formula for calculating their value at a point in time is Black-Scholes and has been known for a long time. The main input is the volatility of the underlying share. As long as you have a reasonably liquid market in the underlying, the price of the option isn't hard to calculate. The valuation of an unexercised employee option is as though the company sold the employee a call option.
Note the practice in some companys of revaluing under-water options is another matter though. There are legitamate reasons for revaluing employee share options such as 9/11 but that is about it.
In a public company, any investor that knows the difference between a put and a call is going to have his own rule of thumb for the value of an option
Staff compensation is an expense. Options are not something for nothing because by issuing more share capital when the option is exercised, the company is diluting that of the existing investors.
Expensing just means that the company should value the outstanding options. Effectively, it is just a matter of valuing it as selling a european-style call by the company (exercise only on expiry).
EU law explicitly allows you to reverse engineer a file or message format (i.e., by reverse engineering code) for any product that you own in order to interface with it. This is a rather nice quirk which acknowledges that people have a right to develop interoperable hetrogenous systems.
I have heard of some other militaries using metres for altitude although knots remain popular (for navigation reasons). I guess military ATC may also use metres for such cases. However, civil ATC gives you clearance to flight levels measured in feet.
Re:Altitude for plane is usually in feet
on
Our Friend, The Meter
·
· Score: 2, Interesting
In a German Piper, the altitude is shown in feet. The altimeters in the few commercial aircraft that I have been in are in feet and so usually is the autopilot (unless there is a flight director, see below). The radar altimetre and ground proximity system also normally work in feet.
The flight director system can work in both feet and metres but that isn't a primary instrument. Distances are usually expressed in nautical miles rather than kilometres just as speed is expressed in knots.
I don't know about the D-link, but with my Netgear, FC2 booted with the Prism module loaded. You do need the firmware but all the usual toys are there (iwconfig, etc). Loading the firmware doesn't happen automatically during boot, but it will work after boot though (known FC2 net startup issue). There are some other minor problems with FC2's network conmfiguration script but these can be fixed by a direct edit to a couple of configuration files.
Actually the radio thing, I particularly disagree with. A lot of messages get confused and it is a serious safety issue. Even the in-flight phone gets significantly better voice quality.
As for ILS, it works but is not easy to maintain either the ground bit or the air bit. If you want to seriously screw up a flight, just turn your mobile while they are doing ILS calibration before a flight.
Altitude for plane is usually in feet
on
Our Friend, The Meter
·
· Score: 4, Interesting
Apart from a few of the CIS countries (former Soviet Union), altitude on aircraft is measured in feet. International flight levels are always expressed in feet which has lead to one or two problems in the past on CIS airliners but they now carry imperial altimeters as well to prevent confusion. Even the French, the inventors of the metric system use imperial altimetres.
What was your Prism problem? The only thing not there on Fedora Core 2 was the firmware, which you had to extract from the Windows driver disk and copy into a particular place. The thing is that in my case, a Netgear WG511 card was more stable under FC2 Linux than Windows.
You forget to mention that the passport that you refer to is the internal passport, the external one came only after you applied for it specially. As you mention it you definitely needed permission to travel under Stalin. Post Stalin, there were still large areas that were considered 'closed' where people could not travel freely without ID and permission to be in the area. This is unusual for a westerner, as the civillian towns around military bases and research centres were always open.
And whatabout the checkpoints? Each district boundary had a Militia (police) post. Periodically this would be closed and they would check papers, not just of the driver but any passengers as well.
I understand that even in Soviet times, the militia would do sweeps looking for Chechnyan/Georgian criminals (Southerners in places like Moscow and Leningrad were assumed to be criminals)and for young persons of military age who hadn't served. People living in Moscow or Leningrad had a special stamp in their internal passport cionfirming that right. This was also frequently checked.
And President V.V. Putin is doing his best to bring it all back!!!
Whether the poster meant it or not, that was actually a very insightful comment. The office help assistant popped up often in cases where it wasn't appropriate (It looks like you are trying to write a letter...) and not at all when it could have been very useful. Just think how much would have been saved it it warned people about executable attachments and reminded them that the email 'from' line could have been forged. If it just stopped one in ten users from infecting themselves, that still means less zombies.
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The Linux kernel has one thing going for it, and that is transparency and it is relatively easy to tailor down. XP isn't even on the same planet. CE could have been but losing the memory management goes back to the bad old days of RSX-11S where one misbehaved app can kill the system. This is why we used watchdogs. Interestingly enough, Dave Cutler wrote RSX-11S as well as the NT series of operating systems.
This is a real-time system with definite consequences if it goes wrong (dented fender?). A system that may lockup is out of the question. It is useful for others to know that Linux is available as a solution for control-applications.
You by a Tivo or whatever and you can skip the ads and see back-to-back program. If the station increases their ad/content ratio, you still don't see the ads but the reception is slower.
Thunderbird may filter spam, but it is still cluttering up your mail server *and* your bandwidth. If you are on a slow/expensive link, say because you are travelling, then you really won't want the spam when you are on 2400 baud connection in the middle of central asia at a dollar a minute.
Yep, I agree about the bd admins/lusers and IE but it also comes down to companies (or employees) disposing of email addresses illegally and others making use of them.
I've been to a lot of places where the floppy and CD remain (they are standard boxes), but they have been disconnected internally.
The closest analogue to this would be the ISS, but as far as I know, it flies beneath the Van Allen belts. Outside the belt then the risk from charged particles increases a lot.
The problem is how much notice you get of a serious flare to get out of the way, (i.e, to the darkside or at least a shelter.
As you mention, overall the density remains static although local variations can happen. Ok, to make such a blanket statement was not correct but liquids are generally much less compressible than gasses. Experiments with the perflurobon liquid and rats have allowed simulated ascents from 1000 metres belowe sea-level to the surface without major problems. However the airway for rats isn't so good for fluid ingestion so some damage occurred.
I would agree that valuing the ten year isn't easy. However, that isn't something that too many investors are interested in at the moment. It is teh next couple of years that are important.
The air-pressure/liquid pressure differential wouldn't have been that great. Please remember that the abode has a moon-pool. It is only the extra pressure as the diver goes down the trench to warn the aliens that counts.
Last thing is that the diver is not using sea-water. I seem to remember it is some kind of perfluoro-carbon. Certainly it has been used for premature-babies with success, but more pertinently for animals to simulate deep dives (to 1000 metres from sea-level and back). The ascent was much faster than normal but there were no signs of decompression sickness. The mouse did die later for other reasons which is why nobody is diving with it now.
I would agree that the process must be iterative, an options's value would have to be recalculated anyway as volatility changes and the risk free interest-rates. Normally though, you would be more interested in those options expring in the shorter term (up to two years out) as the 'expense' of an exercise is closer. B-S models are quite good over the shorter-term. Oh, B-S doesn't work so well for American-style options, usually you use Cox-Rubenstein (binomial) or similar. Most options as compensation schems have to be exercised at a particular time and not earlier, so that means European-style.
Don't do yourselves down. The "cloggies" seem to have a very large interest in salvage of large marine structures. When some major ship goes down, it is more often than not that a Dutch company is called to go fishing.
What this means is that if you can replace all gas inside your body with liquid then you would have no problems. If you could somehow replace all that and assuming you have already purged dissolved gases from your blood (you have been breathing helium), then you would have no problems. OTOH, like you say, it would be difficult to get rid of all gases.
There are a lot of places where NAT or at least a chacheing proxy server is used. These will normally be identified as a single user. In reality there may have been many more, especially as a healthcare provider they are likely to get a lot of corporate hits.
Note the practice in some companys of revaluing under-water options is another matter though. There are legitamate reasons for revaluing employee share options such as 9/11 but that is about it.
Expensing just means that the company should value the outstanding options. Effectively, it is just a matter of valuing it as selling a european-style call by the company (exercise only on expiry).
EU law explicitly allows you to reverse engineer a file or message format (i.e., by reverse engineering code) for any product that you own in order to interface with it. This is a rather nice quirk which acknowledges that people have a right to develop interoperable hetrogenous systems.
I have heard of some other militaries using metres for altitude although knots remain popular (for navigation reasons). I guess military ATC may also use metres for such cases. However, civil ATC gives you clearance to flight levels measured in feet.
The flight director system can work in both feet and metres but that isn't a primary instrument. Distances are usually expressed in nautical miles rather than kilometres just as speed is expressed in knots.
I don't know about the D-link, but with my Netgear, FC2 booted with the Prism module loaded. You do need the firmware but all the usual toys are there (iwconfig, etc). Loading the firmware doesn't happen automatically during boot, but it will work after boot though (known FC2 net startup issue). There are some other minor problems with FC2's network conmfiguration script but these can be fixed by a direct edit to a couple of configuration files.
As for ILS, it works but is not easy to maintain either the ground bit or the air bit. If you want to seriously screw up a flight, just turn your mobile while they are doing ILS calibration before a flight.
Apart from a few of the CIS countries (former Soviet Union), altitude on aircraft is measured in feet. International flight levels are always expressed in feet which has lead to one or two problems in the past on CIS airliners but they now carry imperial altimeters as well to prevent confusion. Even the French, the inventors of the metric system use imperial altimetres.
What was your Prism problem? The only thing not there on Fedora Core 2 was the firmware, which you had to extract from the Windows driver disk and copy into a particular place. The thing is that in my case, a Netgear WG511 card was more stable under FC2 Linux than Windows.
And whatabout the checkpoints? Each district boundary had a Militia (police) post. Periodically this would be closed and they would check papers, not just of the driver but any passengers as well.
I understand that even in Soviet times, the militia would do sweeps looking for Chechnyan/Georgian criminals (Southerners in places like Moscow and Leningrad were assumed to be criminals)and for young persons of military age who hadn't served. People living in Moscow or Leningrad had a special stamp in their internal passport cionfirming that right. This was also frequently checked.
And President V.V. Putin is doing his best to bring it all back!!!
Sorry, I couldn't help it!
Whether the poster meant it or not, that was actually a very insightful comment. The office help assistant popped up often in cases where it wasn't appropriate (It looks like you are trying to write a letter...) and not at all when it could have been very useful. Just think how much would have been saved it it warned people about executable attachments and reminded them that the email 'from' line could have been forged. If it just stopped one in ten users from infecting themselves, that still means less zombies.