These plants are very good solutions as long as they are working. But there are number of ways to poison the process ( heavy volatile elements like mercury are let off into the air). As well, they can produce NOx compounds because the temperature is high enough to act on atmospheric nitrogen. They depend on active computer monitoring of the process to maintain critical parameters. Software problems are probably the biggest problem.
My wife and I visited Bletchley Park at the beginning of October. I bought a book containing short biographies of many of the codebreakers. Along with Alan Turing, a number of these people were important in setting up computer research labs after the war, including the Manchester University "Baby" computer, which was the first all electronic stored program computer. Another, Gordon Welchman, was one of the first lecturers n computer science at MIT and was one of the dsigners of the Whirlwind computer. William Tutte became an expert in graph theory and helped found the Mathematics Faculty at the University of Waterloo.
The re-created Colossus 2 machine is fascinating to watch. It works on an endless paper tape of the captured radio interceptions. It compares the code on the tape with a number of keys in parallel, looking for common German words to suggest which keys were possible.
"RAF pilot Andy Green made history in 1997 when he drove the Thrust SSC jet-powered vehicle at 763 mph (1,228 km/h). Now he intends to get behind the wheel of a car that is capable of reaching 1,000 mph (1,610 km/h). Known as Bloodhound, the new car will be powered by a rocket bolted to a Typhoon-Eurofighter jet engine. The team-members have been working on the concept for the past 18 months and expect to be ready to make their new record attempt in 2011."
The Coventry Transport Museum in Coventry, UK has a very good exhibit on this, with the actual vehicle and a simulation ride of the 1997 run. Interestingly, much of the money to create the Thrust SSC was raised over the Internet with the help of Digital Equipment Corp. It was an early use of the Internet to create user backed creative development.
Daniel Fahrenheit went to a great deal of trouble to set up his temperature measuring system so that the most practically useful values (water freeze point & human body temperature) were on 32 and 96 degrees respectively.
Actually he did not choose those points. He chose 0 as the lowest temperature he could reach with a salt/water mixture as being the lowest outdoor temperature he would reach in Germany. He did want to use human body temperature, but measured it on someone with a fever, giving 100 incorrectly as that.
Of course, that is what Apple does with its software. If Steve Jobs doesn't like the user interface, it gets changed. Doing this has helped Apple be the leader in user interface design and the stock remark recognized ths when news of his possible illness dropped Apple shares considerably.
compromising code for a quick and dirty webpage so I can get things running just a bit faster is 1) the least of my worries and 2) a metric fuckton cheaper than new servers (yay nonprofit sector!).:)
So you have several million bucks to pay the damages for a personal information breach. Then why are you still working as a programmer?
The problem is that gmail should have spam filters for outgoing mail for new accounts. That would prevent the automated creation of throwaway accounts. Hotmail prevent this.
I could see converting the code to Ada, which is designed for reliability and safety. But to C, which is a language designed for efficiency, not correctness?
That is going backwards from Jovial, which at least is simple enough to make it easier to write code that is less likely to crash.
The point is that the MITM is using the ORIGINAL certificate. He has no need to spoof anything but the IP address sent and returned to the client. He presents the true certificate to the client, so no need to accept a self-signed cert. He is able to talk to the true server as if he were the client, since the server does not normally have a certificate for the client to verify.
What he is not able to do is decrypt the traffic for that first page, but if he has his own certificate, signed by a trusted CA, he can easily substitute this for every page after the sign in page and capture the rest of session, including things like requests for a password because of "session timeout".
it ensures that the domain name you see in your address bar represents the actual server(s) registered to that domain name Actually, it doesn't quite do that. It only assures that the server's reverse DNS lookup result is the same as the server name in the certificate. It does not authenticate IP addresses, nor whois informations, just that server names match reverse DNS lookup results. If someone can commandeer the reverse DNS servers, they can be SSL authenticated without actually controlling the true server.
Client -> MITM server -> actual site
\ / actual certificate
/ (pwned DNS server)
certificate with IP address replaces by MITM server IP client
The MITM server can use actual certificate because it only verifies server name (which points to MITM server, not true one), not true server IP address. If someone gets your DNS and reverse DNS server,they get you, but most domain's DNS servers use UDP with no security to return responses, so are easily spoffed with MITM attacks.
But their cert won't match the domain name that their intended victims are trying to access, so the browser will throw up a warning. Actually, if a phisher is going to the trouble to get a signed certificate, it will also probably get itself a domain such as mybank.co (from Columbia) instead of mybank.com and get a cert for that. Are victims of phishing attacks going to know the difference?
What type of language C is is irrelevant. Fact is, people use C and C++ to develop applications all the time. The majority of free software is written in C.
Which is why there is so much buggy free software. C is a very powerful programming language and I have been using it for 30 years (yeah, on a PDP 11/45 with early Unix). But it derives its power from its lack of restraint on programming. You can easily shoot yourself in the foot and nearly every C programmer does it.
As you say, Ada is also a system language and has as much power. It really should be the language of choice for softare development. Its only problem with respect to C is that it had fewer compilers when it was first introduced (size constraints), so was less widely used. It is an answer to the original question. Programming languages are successful bcause they are widely used. And they are widely used because they are successful. Nicely recursive.
C++ is successful because it is close enough to C that it convinced people who know C that it would be easy to learn. Which is why a lot of C++ is really C with badly designed objects.
Actually there is a difference between a resume and a C.V (curriculum vitae).
A resume should be s summary of your work qualifications, while a C.V is a detailed inventory.
You send the resume in the application and give the C.V when you are interviewed/hired.
Killer apps are overrated. Ruby is an expressive language, period. Studies have shown that software developers can only write a few lines of correct code per day. Making those lines count for as much as possible is important from a correctness, and a maintainability perspective. That implies that you should be programming in APL.
There is much more to good programming languages than short code.
This is one reason why C is a poor choice of application language You are under the mistaken impression that C is an application language. It is not. It is a system programing (high level assembler) language. That is why so much buggy code is written in C. It has none of the proper error checking built in to it that an application language should have. This provides the ability to get closer to the machine than other languages, but that is the role os system langages, not application languages.
It came about because the developers of the IBM 360 Operating System suddenly realize a few weeks before it was ro be released that they had no method of actually allocating resources for a job. In a panic, they hacked together a version of their assembler macro language to parse the control statements. so the format of the language was the same as assembler language macro calls
label opcode operands
Spaces were significant, everything had to be upper case, syntax was arcane.
FYI: The oldest nuclear plant still in operation began operation in 1969 (Oyster Creek, NJ). There are reactors at Chalk River in Ontario that have been operating continuously since the early 1950's.
Most of the world's medical isotopes come from them.
Somehow I doubt that many of the people that would be running such old computers such as ones from before 1970 would be reading Slashdot. And if you think about it, people conceptualized computers differently back then. I think you'd be hard pressed to find mention of a specific program but more of mention of a computer itself. Its too bad there is such a big disconnect between the generations of computer programmers and administrators. As someone who has been programming computers since 1966, I beg to differ with you. Code is more persistent than computers, since one can still run code written for an Intel 8080 on a modern dual core Pentium. The one main difference between programming them and programming now is that the cost of computers then meant that machine efficiency then was more important than human efficiency. Unfortunately too many programmers still think that way and are not willing to put in the code for security checks, clean user interfaces, etc. that are required.
In many ways, computer science had a huge regression after the development of microcomputers. Instead of extending the lessons of mainframe computers like the Multics project about security, we returned to the "efficiency" goal because of the lack of power of early micros and still use that mindset when we have IPods that are more powerful than the largest mainframe of 1970.
Now I'm going to pretend I'm a spammer. I want lots of money. What benefit is there to me to send a single address more than say... 5 messages? (not per month. EVER) If it didn't make it through the filters the first time, it won't the 800th time, and the more messages I send, the more likely my recipients will learn to evade them. More importantly, a jaded audience won't be receptive to buy. Because spammers get paid by number of messages sent, not return on messages.
Bounce messages should go to the postmaster of the domain that sent the message (the last Received: line before your MTA), rather than the "sender" in the From: header. That way, the actual forwarding server will be notified that it is being used to send spam and should be able to prevent further misuse. That also means the true sender gets the problem, not innocent bystanders.
While it seems to be easy to trick ARIN to transferring a domain, it is not easy to change the ownership to correct owner. I am the registered contact person for a class B IP space for an organization for which I used to work. Since I no longer have the email address inside that organization, I can not seem to get ARIN to transfer the space to the actual organization's supplier (to conolidate the block). They have basically told me that the organization can't return the IP space since it requires me to work for that organization to authorize it.
The class B space is no longer routed on the Internet but is still used internally , so there is not problem with ASN use but it can't be used.
I teach CS. I don't give exams as I think that the kind of exams that you can do in CS are typically superficial memory exercises that do not really demonstrate understanding. Instead I give assignments that fall into one of two types - skill assignments which are done by one person (but with the rule that you can discuss your problem with others, even write code with others, but the final code must be your own work (so if you wrote it with someone else you must discard the code and rewrite from scratch)) and assignments that I encourage people to do in groups. Of course, when assignments are short enough, it is possible that two students will find exactly the same solution (modulo code layout and variable names), but for programs over about 30 lines this becomes seriously unlikely. Usually the group problems are difficult enough that one person (except perhaps the best programmers) would have trouble doing them, but a group should be able to easily finish in time (that they often do not says more about study habits than the problems). Same kinds of rules apply - one group can consult with another, but the work needs to be done independently.
I've found that the group problems typically lead to much better results in terms of understanding - students need to not only be able to do something, they need to explain it to others. Group problems also tend to allow weaker students to weed themselves out (or sometimes they're dropped by teams for the next assignment) as they realize that they really aren't getting it in the way that the stronger students are. (Everyone in a group gets the same grade.)
In classes that I taught,I also gave group assignments, but I also asked the group to organize themselves into various roles, System analysis, project leader, coder, documenter, test etc. The group assignments were then marked as to how well each part was done, as well as an overall mark given to the project (half of marks for overall, half for individual role). I also asked them to evaluate their group's effectiveness, but this was not the basis of marking. Most students learnt a lot by the collaborative group effort and were quite proud of the result.
Third party software can't secure the kernel, which is why you need an OS change. Other OS won't run most Windows software.
The problem with Vista is that to increase security, the OS had to restrict the ability to so easily add software that malware also was easy to install. This meant going to the Unix model of separating administrator accounts from user accounts by default. This caused problems in many device drivers which had not been properly written to use user level privileges by default. Many device manufactures really don't have smarts to write secure drivers, especially those who are trying to sell in the cost conscious consumer market.
Wait, you're saying trees make it rain more? Yes trees do make it rain much more than grass crops like sugar cane or corn.
The evapotranspiration of any vegetation is proportional to the leaf area. Forests have vastly more leaf area than croplands. So the atmosphere over forests, rain forests, contains much more moisture, therefor it rains more.
Slashdot Mirror
These plants are very good solutions as long as they are working. But there are number of ways to poison the process ( heavy volatile elements like mercury are let off into the air). As well, they can produce NOx compounds because the temperature is high enough to act on atmospheric nitrogen. They depend on active computer monitoring of the process to maintain critical parameters. Software problems are probably the biggest problem.
My wife and I visited Bletchley Park at the beginning of October. I bought a book containing short biographies of many of the codebreakers. Along with Alan Turing, a number of these people were important in setting up computer research labs after the war, including the Manchester University "Baby" computer, which was the first all electronic stored program computer. Another, Gordon Welchman, was one of the first lecturers n computer science at MIT and was one of the dsigners of the Whirlwind computer. William Tutte became an expert in graph theory and helped found the Mathematics Faculty at the University of Waterloo.
The re-created Colossus 2 machine is fascinating to watch. It works on an endless paper tape of the captured radio interceptions. It compares the code on the tape with a number of keys in parallel, looking for common German words to suggest which keys were possible.
"RAF pilot Andy Green made history in 1997 when he drove the Thrust SSC jet-powered vehicle at 763 mph (1,228 km/h). Now he intends to get behind the wheel of a car that is capable of reaching 1,000 mph (1,610 km/h). Known as Bloodhound, the new car will be powered by a rocket bolted to a Typhoon-Eurofighter jet engine. The team-members have been working on the concept for the past 18 months and expect to be ready to make their new record attempt in 2011."
The Coventry Transport Museum in Coventry, UK has a very good exhibit on this, with the actual vehicle and a simulation ride of the 1997 run. Interestingly, much of the money to create the Thrust SSC was raised over the Internet with the help of Digital Equipment Corp. It was an early use of the Internet to create user backed creative development.
Daniel Fahrenheit went to a great deal of trouble to set up his temperature measuring system so that the most practically useful values (water freeze point & human body temperature) were on 32 and 96 degrees respectively.
Actually he did not choose those points. He chose 0 as the lowest temperature he could reach with a salt/water mixture as being the lowest outdoor temperature he would reach in Germany. He did want to use human body temperature, but measured it on someone with a fever, giving 100 incorrectly as that.
Of course, that is what Apple does with its software. If Steve Jobs doesn't like the user interface, it gets changed.
Doing this has helped Apple be the leader in user interface design and the stock remark recognized ths when news of his possible illness dropped Apple shares considerably.
compromising code for a quick and dirty webpage so I can get things running just a bit faster is 1) the least of my worries and 2) a metric fuckton cheaper than new servers (yay nonprofit sector!). :)
So you have several million bucks to pay the damages for a personal information breach.
Then why are you still working as a programmer?
The problem is that gmail should have spam filters for outgoing mail for new accounts. That would prevent the automated creation of throwaway accounts. Hotmail prevent this.
I could see converting the code to Ada, which is designed for reliability and safety. But to C, which is a language designed for efficiency, not correctness?
That is going backwards from Jovial, which at least is simple enough to make it easier to write code that is less likely to crash.
The point is that the MITM is using the ORIGINAL certificate. He has no need to spoof anything but the IP address sent and returned to the client. He presents the true certificate to the client, so no need to accept a self-signed cert. He is able to talk to the true server as if he were the client, since the server does not normally have a certificate for the client to verify.
What he is not able to do is decrypt the traffic for that first page, but if he has his own certificate, signed by a trusted CA, he can easily substitute this for every page after the sign in page and capture the rest of session, including things like requests for a password because of "session timeout".
Client -> MITM server -> actual site
\ /
actual certificate
/ (pwned DNS server)
certificate with IP address replaces by MITM server IP
client
The MITM server can use actual certificate because it only verifies server name (which points to MITM server, not true one), not true server IP address. If someone gets your DNS and reverse DNS server,they get you, but most domain's DNS servers use UDP with no security to return responses, so are easily spoffed with MITM attacks.
mybank.co (from Columbia) instead of mybank.com and get a cert for that.
Are victims of phishing attacks going to know the difference?
HTTP is based on HTML and you seem to be OK with using Slashdot. Why not use a proper markup language to format email messages?
What the problem is with HTML messages is not HTML itself, but including linked or attached images and instead of proper layout.Which is why there is so much buggy free software. C is a very powerful programming language and I have been using it for 30 years (yeah, on a PDP 11/45 with early Unix). But it derives its power from its lack of restraint on programming. You can easily shoot yourself in the foot and nearly every C programmer does it.
As you say, Ada is also a system language and has as much power. It really should be the language of choice for softare development. Its only problem with respect to C is that it had fewer compilers when it was first introduced (size constraints), so was less widely used. It is an answer to the original question. Programming languages are successful bcause they are widely used. And they are widely used because they are successful. Nicely recursive.
C++ is successful because it is close enough to C that it convinced people who know C that it would be easy to learn. Which is why a lot of C++ is really C with badly designed objects.
Actually that is Loons ($1 coin) and Polar Bears($2 coin).
A resume should be s summary of your work qualifications, while a C.V is a detailed inventory. You send the resume in the application and give the C.V when you are interviewed/hired.
There is much more to good programming languages than short code.
This is one reason why C is a poor choice of application language You are under the mistaken impression that C is an application language. It is not. It is a system programing (high level assembler) language. That is why so much buggy code is written in C. It has none of the proper error checking built in to it that an application language should have. This provides the ability to get closer to the machine than other languages, but that is the role os system langages, not application languages.It came about because the developers of the IBM 360 Operating System suddenly realize a few weeks before it was ro be released that they had no method of actually allocating resources for a job. In a panic, they hacked together a version of their assembler macro language to parse the control statements. so the format of the language was the same as assembler language macro calls
label opcode operands
Spaces were significant, everything had to be upper case, syntax was arcane.Bounce messages should go to the postmaster of the domain that sent the message (the last Received: line before your MTA), rather than the "sender" in the From: header. That way, the actual forwarding server will be notified that it is being used to send spam and should be able to prevent further misuse. That also means the true sender gets the problem, not innocent bystanders.
While it seems to be easy to trick ARIN to transferring a domain, it is not easy to change the ownership to correct owner. I am the registered contact person for a class B IP space for an organization for which I used to work. Since I no longer have the email address inside that organization, I can not seem to get ARIN to transfer the space to the actual organization's supplier (to conolidate the block). They have basically told me that the organization can't return the IP space since it requires me to work for that organization to authorize it. The class B space is no longer routed on the Internet but is still used internally , so there is not problem with ASN use but it can't be used.
I teach CS. I don't give exams as I think that the kind of exams that you can do in CS are typically superficial memory exercises that do not really demonstrate understanding. Instead I give assignments that fall into one of two types - skill assignments which are done by one person (but with the rule that you can discuss your problem with others, even write code with others, but the final code must be your own work (so if you wrote it with someone else you must discard the code and rewrite from scratch)) and assignments that I encourage people to do in groups. Of course, when assignments are short enough, it is possible that two students will find exactly the same solution (modulo code layout and variable names), but for programs over about 30 lines this becomes seriously unlikely. Usually the group problems are difficult enough that one person (except perhaps the best programmers) would have trouble doing them, but a group should be able to easily finish in time (that they often do not says more about study habits than the problems). Same kinds of rules apply - one group can consult with another, but the work needs to be done independently.
I've found that the group problems typically lead to much better results in terms of understanding - students need to not only be able to do something, they need to explain it to others. Group problems also tend to allow weaker students to weed themselves out (or sometimes they're dropped by teams for the next assignment) as they realize that they really aren't getting it in the way that the stronger students are. (Everyone in a group gets the same grade.)
In classes that I taught,I also gave group assignments, but I also asked the group to organize themselves into various roles, System analysis, project leader, coder, documenter, test etc. The group assignments were then marked as to how well each part was done, as well as an overall mark given to the project (half of marks for overall, half for individual role). I also asked them to evaluate their group's effectiveness, but this was not the basis of marking. Most students learnt a lot by the collaborative group effort and were quite proud of the result.
Third party software can't secure the kernel, which is why you need an OS change. Other OS won't run most Windows software.
The problem with Vista is that to increase security, the OS had to restrict the ability to so easily add software that malware also was easy to install. This meant going to the Unix model of separating administrator accounts from user accounts by default. This caused problems in many device drivers which had not been properly written to use user level privileges by default. Many device manufactures really don't have smarts to write secure drivers, especially those who are trying to sell in the cost conscious consumer market.
The evapotranspiration of any vegetation is proportional to the leaf area. Forests have vastly more leaf area than croplands.
So the atmosphere over forests, rain forests, contains much more moisture, therefor it rains more.
Study agrometeorolgy to learn how it works.