The "Law of Carnage" and/or "Right of Weight" isn't actually part of the colregs directly. The collision regulations generally adhere to the concept that the more maneuverable vessel gives way to the less maneuverable. However, none of the determining factors are based on the size of either vessel directly. Rather, determining factors are things like vessels that are constrained by draught or by channel are the stand-on vessel. So if you're bayliner running around at the mouth of a river, and a freighter comes ot, you had better believe that the Freighter is the stand-on vessel. However, that's not because it's a big ship, but rather it's confined to channel and/or constrained due to draught.
Well, yes, and no.. The higher chipping frequency of the P(Y) code (the military signal) makes it more resistant to jamming. Also, being able to decode both signals allows the receiver to calculate the density of the ionosphere, and thus be far more accurate. The biggest source of error is signal delay induced by the (variable) ionosphere. This delay is partially dependent on frequency, so by measuring the delta between the civilian and military signals, you can thus factor the ionosphere out. It's a really cute trick.
There is no "right-of-way" on the water. Either you are the give-way vessel, or the stand on. It is entirely possible for both vessels to be give-way. If the tanker was confined to its lane due to the local traffic scheme, then by definition it is the stand-on vessel, as its maneuvering is constrained. If you are the stand on vessel, you are actually not supposed to change course or speed so as to be predictable to the other vessel. Of course if there is a chance of imminent collision, you do what you can.
Anyhow, if the warship in question was crossing a charted traffic scheme, it is by definition at fault.
Three geeks in a VW Westfalia, cameras, telescopes, and suitable camping supplies, a big solar panel and a bunch of batteries. Trundling down I-90. Our goal is an isolated spot in Idaho or Wyoming.
Rails may be more efficient in dollars per person-mile, but they are not more efficient where most people care: total travel time. Why is that? Because rail travel still requires getting to and from the station. Unless you are lucky enough to work and live right next to the stations you need to use for rail travel, you still need some form of transport. It's like the "last mile" problem in Internet terms.
This is why you do things double-pronged. As you build out the mass transit lines into less developed areas, you change the zoning around the stations to build new, high density mixed use neighbourhoods. Residents take the transit to work and back, but for their day to day needs, the grocery store, restaurants, pubs/bars, cafes, etc... are all immediately accessible on foot.
So one could sabotage a car of a family member in a manner very difficult to detect using a device plugged into the network, targets the brake system once the car speed is above 75 mph.
There's a reason why brakes are designed as a failsafe design. Even if you took out the ABS controller, the brakes will continue to work. They are still a hydraulic connection between the master cylinder behind the pedal, and the brakes themselves in the wheel. Yes, in hybrid cars with regenerative braking, the first few inches of pedal travel just activate electronics, but once you go beyond that, you still have the tried and true hydraulic brakes.
Are there other ways that you could sabotage a vehicle electronically? yes, you could interfere with the operation of the throttle (which is often drive-by-wire these days), occasionally the transmission, or whatever else, but the safety critical systems are generally designed to be fail-safe. You cause them to fail, they do so in a safe manner.
Even on high end cars, the (multiple) CAN busses are usually connected through a gateway device. On my 2006 Jetta, the Engine, Transmission, etc... are on a different bus than the convenience items (locks, windows, sunroof, stereo, etc...) However, I can still access them all through the ODB-II port. Ideally this gateway would act as a firewall to protect the critical systems, the question is how good is it?
The 'he controls the wealth' is nonsense. The foundation controls the wealth, and their are strict laws on what can and can not be done with the money. Chief among the 'can nots' is that the money can not benefit HIM.
In addition, charitable organizations, especially high profile ones such as this, face an immense amount of scrutiny both public and private. In WA, any charity/tax exempt organization with annual gross revenues over $3,000,000 must perform a full audit of their financials by an appropriate accounting firm. Secondly, they must file an extensive tax return with the IRS, which is made public, detailing all sorts of information on the organization, including their sources of revenue, salaries and identities of directors/officers, salaries/names of the 5 highest paid employees, as well as all grants and such paid out. This is all publicly available.
I sit on the board of a small(ish) WA charity (About $3.5 million annual revenue, $12 million in assets). We face the same level of scrutiny, and requirements for transparency. Do we need to detail where every dollar went? No. On our Form 990 we declare, for example, that $1,200,000 was spent on guest services (Food, housekeeping supplies, similar). So yeah, if you just had the form 990, there's no way to verify that. However, since our revenues are > $3,000,000, there's also a signed auditor's reports that states that our claims in these areas are materially correct. If we're claiming $1.2 million for food/guest services, then we're not hiding hookers and blow within that.
Once it hits the Foundation, the activities are open for all to see. Anyone can pull up a copy of their IRS Form 990, which lists all the grants received by the foundation, given by the foundation, lists the various activities of the organization, lists the compensation for the key employees and officers/directors (plus their names), and so forth. It's all there, for anyone who cares to read through the 1124 pages to see. To look at it, go here: https://www.gatesfoundation.or...
So yes, Mr. Gates obviously has significant influence over the direction of the organization, but every action it takes is in the light of day.
IIRC (it has been a long time since I studied physics), mass was measured in Newton's. The definition of weight as distinct from mass is that all matter has mass all the time, but it only has weight when that mass is experiencing the force of gravity within a gravitational field.
the Kilogram is a measure of mass. However, due to the way that scales and the like are calibrated here on earth, it corresponds to the weight as well. Force is measured in Newtons (F=ma), so if you hold a 1kg object suspended in the air, you need to apply 9.8 newtons of force to prevent it from moving.
First the obvious, the Dragon will be berthed to the station, not to the rocket. That was done in Florida prior to launch.
Secondly, this is likely the last new Dragon 1 pressure vessel that will be launched. Given that they splash down in rather corrosive salt water, there's significant effort to re-manufacture the capsules for launch, and the pressure vessel is a portion of that.
Because it's press releases for the unwashed masses. NASA, and the ISS in particular, operate entirely in a pure metric environment. Heck, this is the same for the other and related agencies. You walk into JPL and ask where the washroom is, you're likely to hear something along the lines of 5 meters down the hall, and to your left.
Well, even if you get that chip, you need to have traceability! Just because you have the precision of an atomic clock, doesn't mean that you have the accuracy yet...;) You still need to be able to trace its settings back to a standard... Also, have you made the relativistic corrections for your altitude and that nearby mountain?
In all seriousness, when I did work for a company that built satcom equipment, we eventually did buy a GPS disciplined time and frequency standard. We went for the cheap model that just had a temperature compensated ovenized crystal oscillator (TOCXO), but since it was disciplined by its own internal GPS receiver, making it traceable the US Naval Observatory and NIST.
Many years ago, I wound up doing a small contract/visit at the Naval Research Labs at the Navy Yards in DC. Partly by tradition, partly by necessity, the Navy has a healthy obsession with accurate time keeping, and I was working with the Navy's time geeks. They were a fascinating group of guys to work with, their equipment and clocking was accurate enough to measure the (electrical) distance to a satellite in geosynchronous orbit to within half an inch.
Anyhow, I was having lunch in his office and there on the shelf is this oddly shaped piece of metal. I ask him about it, and basically he goes "oh, that's the prototype atomic clock I built for the first GPS satellite." and hands it to me. It was about the size of a football, and pretty damned cool.:)
The GPS receiver in your phone (and GPS/GNSS systems in general) utterly depend on hyper-accurate timekeeping to work. In a nutshell, the orbiting satellites are transmitting perfect "true" time continuously, as well as information on its orbit. Your GPS receiver uses that information to work out the precise local time, and using that it can calculate the exact position of the satellite around the earth, the distance to each of the satellites, and thus its own position.
The ephemeris data (precise information on its orbit) transmitted by the satellites is only good for about 6 hours, before it has to be updated both on the satellite and on your phone, and takes time to download. In the GPS world, this is known as a "Warm Start" and can take up to a few minutes. If you've moved your device more than a few hundred km while off, or left it powered off for several days, it needs to download an entirely new Almanac, which takes up to 12 minutes (a cold start).
With assisted GPS, as used on cell networks, the phone will get the almanac and relevant ephemeris from the cell network, greatly improving the time to fix.
That's just the GPS side of things though... As others have mentioned, the actual radio interface is utterly dependent on precise timing in order to function. The cheapest and most reliable way to achieve this is with timing derived from GPS.
Of course, the software clock on a phone is completely independent of these two things, it's just that normally it gets its settings from GPS or the network.
The other issue is that the graphite dust from pencils is risky in microgravity for other reasons. It's potentially flammable (though not realistically in a 5psi O2 atmosphere, or 15psi normal atmosphere), and it gets into the astronauts lungs and so forth.
I was working on a major construction site a few years ago, and the primary contracting company was trying their hardest to hire as many female drivers as possible for the big rock trucks and loaders. Their own repair statistics showed that the vehicles sustained less damage and wear and tear when being driven by women, while maintaining the same level of productivity.
I'm sure they swept it for transmitters, but with this design, if it isn't being illuminated by a radio transmission of the correct frequency, it's just a hunk of aluminum and copper.
The hearing damage occurred at the Diplomat's homes (as it affected families/children as well), and also happened to a Canadian diplomat and family. It's much more likely that it was an unintended side-effect of an intelligence gathering effort.
It's also not known whether this was actually an attack or a side effect of other activities. A Canadian diplomat and family were also affected, and Cuba has a long history of relatively good relations with Canada.
using a focused sound/energy device to make someone deaf is totally the same-thing as listening to voice mails lol
There is no indication that this was a deliberate attack. Spying on diplomats and missions is always part of the game of international relations, especially between nation-states that do not have the best relations. Whatever caused this could easily have been a side effect of a covert listening device or technique and an unintended consequence.
During the cold war, the US Embassy in Moscow was given a wooden version of the Great Seal of the United States by local school children. What they didn't know is that it contained a covert listening device, which consisted of a passive resonant cavity. It worked by having the KGB transmit microwave energy from across the street, which would resonate in the bit of metal, and re-radiated. (more info here.
A Canadian diplomat and family were also affected by the same thing, the chances of it being a deliberate attack is relatively low as Canada has had good relations with Cuba for pretty much all of its modern history.
Also, welding machine / cables can be super heavy. My gf friend is an electrician and need men's help to carry some wire spools because she's too weak to carry these.
A good friend of mine is a female journeyman industrial electrician. She's fully cognicent that she doesn't have the strength to do certain tasks, but has advantages in other ways. On the job, she basically makes a deal with the guys. They do the heavy work, she squeezes into the stupid nooks and crannies where they have to do work, or climbs up on the wire platform, or whatever, where it would be impossible for the guys to get to.
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The "Law of Carnage" and/or "Right of Weight" isn't actually part of the colregs directly. The collision regulations generally adhere to the concept that the more maneuverable vessel gives way to the less maneuverable. However, none of the determining factors are based on the size of either vessel directly. Rather, determining factors are things like vessels that are constrained by draught or by channel are the stand-on vessel. So if you're bayliner running around at the mouth of a river, and a freighter comes ot, you had better believe that the Freighter is the stand-on vessel. However, that's not because it's a big ship, but rather it's confined to channel and/or constrained due to draught.
Well, yes, and no.. The higher chipping frequency of the P(Y) code (the military signal) makes it more resistant to jamming. Also, being able to decode both signals allows the receiver to calculate the density of the ionosphere, and thus be far more accurate. The biggest source of error is signal delay induced by the (variable) ionosphere. This delay is partially dependent on frequency, so by measuring the delta between the civilian and military signals, you can thus factor the ionosphere out. It's a really cute trick.
There is no "right-of-way" on the water. Either you are the give-way vessel, or the stand on. It is entirely possible for both vessels to be give-way. If the tanker was confined to its lane due to the local traffic scheme, then by definition it is the stand-on vessel, as its maneuvering is constrained. If you are the stand on vessel, you are actually not supposed to change course or speed so as to be predictable to the other vessel. Of course if there is a chance of imminent collision, you do what you can.
Anyhow, if the warship in question was crossing a charted traffic scheme, it is by definition at fault.
Three geeks in a VW Westfalia, cameras, telescopes, and suitable camping supplies, a big solar panel and a bunch of batteries. Trundling down I-90. Our goal is an isolated spot in Idaho or Wyoming.
Rails may be more efficient in dollars per person-mile, but they are not more efficient where most people care: total travel time. Why is that? Because rail travel still requires getting to and from the station. Unless you are lucky enough to work and live right next to the stations you need to use for rail travel, you still need some form of transport. It's like the "last mile" problem in Internet terms.
This is why you do things double-pronged. As you build out the mass transit lines into less developed areas, you change the zoning around the stations to build new, high density mixed use neighbourhoods. Residents take the transit to work and back, but for their day to day needs, the grocery store, restaurants, pubs/bars, cafes, etc... are all immediately accessible on foot.
So one could sabotage a car of a family member in a manner very difficult to detect using a device plugged into the network, targets the brake system once the car speed is above 75 mph.
There's a reason why brakes are designed as a failsafe design. Even if you took out the ABS controller, the brakes will continue to work. They are still a hydraulic connection between the master cylinder behind the pedal, and the brakes themselves in the wheel. Yes, in hybrid cars with regenerative braking, the first few inches of pedal travel just activate electronics, but once you go beyond that, you still have the tried and true hydraulic brakes.
Are there other ways that you could sabotage a vehicle electronically? yes, you could interfere with the operation of the throttle (which is often drive-by-wire these days), occasionally the transmission, or whatever else, but the safety critical systems are generally designed to be fail-safe. You cause them to fail, they do so in a safe manner.
Even on high end cars, the (multiple) CAN busses are usually connected through a gateway device. On my 2006 Jetta, the Engine, Transmission, etc... are on a different bus than the convenience items (locks, windows, sunroof, stereo, etc...) However, I can still access them all through the ODB-II port. Ideally this gateway would act as a firewall to protect the critical systems, the question is how good is it?
The 'he controls the wealth' is nonsense. The foundation controls the wealth, and their are strict laws on what can and can not be done with the money. Chief among the 'can nots' is that the money can not benefit HIM.
In addition, charitable organizations, especially high profile ones such as this, face an immense amount of scrutiny both public and private. In WA, any charity/tax exempt organization with annual gross revenues over $3,000,000 must perform a full audit of their financials by an appropriate accounting firm. Secondly, they must file an extensive tax return with the IRS, which is made public, detailing all sorts of information on the organization, including their sources of revenue, salaries and identities of directors/officers, salaries/names of the 5 highest paid employees, as well as all grants and such paid out. This is all publicly available.
I sit on the board of a small(ish) WA charity (About $3.5 million annual revenue, $12 million in assets). We face the same level of scrutiny, and requirements for transparency. Do we need to detail where every dollar went? No. On our Form 990 we declare, for example, that $1,200,000 was spent on guest services (Food, housekeeping supplies, similar). So yeah, if you just had the form 990, there's no way to verify that. However, since our revenues are > $3,000,000, there's also a signed auditor's reports that states that our claims in these areas are materially correct. If we're claiming $1.2 million for food/guest services, then we're not hiding hookers and blow within that.
Once it hits the Foundation, the activities are open for all to see. Anyone can pull up a copy of their IRS Form 990, which lists all the grants received by the foundation, given by the foundation, lists the various activities of the organization, lists the compensation for the key employees and officers/directors (plus their names), and so forth. It's all there, for anyone who cares to read through the 1124 pages to see. To look at it, go here: https://www.gatesfoundation.or...
So yes, Mr. Gates obviously has significant influence over the direction of the organization, but every action it takes is in the light of day.
No, but if you land a jet on an aircraft carrier, that's generally referred to as aircraft recovery.
IIRC (it has been a long time since I studied physics), mass was measured in Newton's. The definition of weight as distinct from mass is that all matter has mass all the time, but it only has weight when that mass is experiencing the force of gravity within a gravitational field.
the Kilogram is a measure of mass. However, due to the way that scales and the like are calibrated here on earth, it corresponds to the weight as well. Force is measured in Newtons (F=ma), so if you hold a 1kg object suspended in the air, you need to apply 9.8 newtons of force to prevent it from moving.
First the obvious, the Dragon will be berthed to the station, not to the rocket. That was done in Florida prior to launch.
Secondly, this is likely the last new Dragon 1 pressure vessel that will be launched. Given that they splash down in rather corrosive salt water, there's significant effort to re-manufacture the capsules for launch, and the pressure vessel is a portion of that.
Because it's press releases for the unwashed masses. NASA, and the ISS in particular, operate entirely in a pure metric environment. Heck, this is the same for the other and related agencies. You walk into JPL and ask where the washroom is, you're likely to hear something along the lines of 5 meters down the hall, and to your left.
Well, even if you get that chip, you need to have traceability! Just because you have the precision of an atomic clock, doesn't mean that you have the accuracy yet... ;) You still need to be able to trace its settings back to a standard... Also, have you made the relativistic corrections for your altitude and that nearby mountain?
In all seriousness, when I did work for a company that built satcom equipment, we eventually did buy a GPS disciplined time and frequency standard. We went for the cheap model that just had a temperature compensated ovenized crystal oscillator (TOCXO), but since it was disciplined by its own internal GPS receiver, making it traceable the US Naval Observatory and NIST.
Many years ago, I wound up doing a small contract/visit at the Naval Research Labs at the Navy Yards in DC. Partly by tradition, partly by necessity, the Navy has a healthy obsession with accurate time keeping, and I was working with the Navy's time geeks. They were a fascinating group of guys to work with, their equipment and clocking was accurate enough to measure the (electrical) distance to a satellite in geosynchronous orbit to within half an inch.
Anyhow, I was having lunch in his office and there on the shelf is this oddly shaped piece of metal. I ask him about it, and basically he goes "oh, that's the prototype atomic clock I built for the first GPS satellite." and hands it to me. It was about the size of a football, and pretty damned cool. :)
The GPS receiver in your phone (and GPS/GNSS systems in general) utterly depend on hyper-accurate timekeeping to work. In a nutshell, the orbiting satellites are transmitting perfect "true" time continuously, as well as information on its orbit. Your GPS receiver uses that information to work out the precise local time, and using that it can calculate the exact position of the satellite around the earth, the distance to each of the satellites, and thus its own position.
The ephemeris data (precise information on its orbit) transmitted by the satellites is only good for about 6 hours, before it has to be updated both on the satellite and on your phone, and takes time to download. In the GPS world, this is known as a "Warm Start" and can take up to a few minutes. If you've moved your device more than a few hundred km while off, or left it powered off for several days, it needs to download an entirely new Almanac, which takes up to 12 minutes (a cold start).
With assisted GPS, as used on cell networks, the phone will get the almanac and relevant ephemeris from the cell network, greatly improving the time to fix.
That's just the GPS side of things though... As others have mentioned, the actual radio interface is utterly dependent on precise timing in order to function. The cheapest and most reliable way to achieve this is with timing derived from GPS.
Of course, the software clock on a phone is completely independent of these two things, it's just that normally it gets its settings from GPS or the network.
The other issue is that the graphite dust from pencils is risky in microgravity for other reasons. It's potentially flammable (though not realistically in a 5psi O2 atmosphere, or 15psi normal atmosphere), and it gets into the astronauts lungs and so forth.
Anyone who's had to deal with MREs knows that nothing good will come of this... (nor will anything come out of you, but that's a different problem).
I was working on a major construction site a few years ago, and the primary contracting company was trying their hardest to hire as many female drivers as possible for the big rock trucks and loaders. Their own repair statistics showed that the vehicles sustained less damage and wear and tear when being driven by women, while maintaining the same level of productivity.
I'm sure they swept it for transmitters, but with this design, if it isn't being illuminated by a radio transmission of the correct frequency, it's just a hunk of aluminum and copper.
Well, there were no electronics. It was a passive cavity resonator. That was the beauty of "The Thing"
The hearing damage occurred at the Diplomat's homes (as it affected families/children as well), and also happened to a Canadian diplomat and family. It's much more likely that it was an unintended side-effect of an intelligence gathering effort.
It's also not known whether this was actually an attack or a side effect of other activities. A Canadian diplomat and family were also affected, and Cuba has a long history of relatively good relations with Canada.
using a focused sound/energy device to make someone deaf is totally the same-thing as listening to voice mails lol
There is no indication that this was a deliberate attack. Spying on diplomats and missions is always part of the game of international relations, especially between nation-states that do not have the best relations. Whatever caused this could easily have been a side effect of a covert listening device or technique and an unintended consequence.
During the cold war, the US Embassy in Moscow was given a wooden version of the Great Seal of the United States by local school children. What they didn't know is that it contained a covert listening device, which consisted of a passive resonant cavity. It worked by having the KGB transmit microwave energy from across the street, which would resonate in the bit of metal, and re-radiated. (more info here.
A Canadian diplomat and family were also affected by the same thing, the chances of it being a deliberate attack is relatively low as Canada has had good relations with Cuba for pretty much all of its modern history.
Also, welding machine / cables can be super heavy. My gf friend is an electrician and need men's help to carry some wire spools because she's too weak to carry these.
A good friend of mine is a female journeyman industrial electrician. She's fully cognicent that she doesn't have the strength to do certain tasks, but has advantages in other ways. On the job, she basically makes a deal with the guys. They do the heavy work, she squeezes into the stupid nooks and crannies where they have to do work, or climbs up on the wire platform, or whatever, where it would be impossible for the guys to get to.