Ghee is just butter with the milk solids and water removed. It is really just a form of clarified butter. There is nothing rancid about it.
You can make it on a stove with very little effort. Just melt unsalted butter over low heat and cook until it is a clear golden liquid. Spoon off any of the froth that appears on top. Continue to cook until it no longer froths. The milk solids will be at the bottom and the water should have all boiled off. The golden liquid on top is ghee.
It seems that the HTTP/1.1 specification says the user agent should detect redirection loops, though it doesn't say what to do about them nor how they should be detected. It does say however that 302 responses are not cachable without Expires or Cache-Control headers.
10.3 Redirection 3xx
This class of status code indicates that further action needs to be taken by the user agent in order to fulfill the request. The action required MAY be carried out by the user agent without interaction with the user if and only if the method used in the second request is GET or HEAD. A client SHOULD detect infinite redirection loops, since such loops generate network traffic for each redirection.
Note: previous versions of this specification recommended a maximum of five redirections. Content developers should be aware that there might be clients that implement such a fixed limitation.
Since day one, "SAVE" has been obsolete along with a myriad of abstractions offered end users (what the heck is the notion of a "FILE" menu anyway? -- What the heck is the notion of "FILE"? I know I've read every beginner's book about getting familiar with computers, and they always go into excruciatingly dull detail about the file abstraction (it's a collection of bytes the comprise a document, blah, blah, blah.)). Users don't care what a file is, they don't want to know what a file is, they just want to do work.
I don't really understand. A file on a computer is an analog to a file in the physical world. A file folder (directory) on a computer is an analog to a file folder in the physical world. A file is a thing that contains information (pictures, text, whatever) in the physical world and on a computer.
Can you work in the physical world without files? I suppose you could if you never handled paper, but it was just easier to copy something from the physical world because it was assumed that anyone who knew how to file papers would be able to understand.
You simply can't efficiently use information and not organize it... even if your organization method is a stack of documents on a desk.
Save is not some useless abstraction. Save guarantees that the temporary changes you've made are committed. You are transferring the changes from short term memory to long term memory.
Automatically saving is *bad*. You should be able to open a file, make a bunch of changes and then save them as a new file *without* changing the original file at all. I should qualify that. Automatically saving for the purposes of disaster recovery is fine... word does it by simply saving to a temporary file so that if your computer blows up, you can recover something. As far as I know, if you open a file, make a bunch of changes, autosave happens and decide to quit without saving (it'll prompt), your original file remains unmodified.
Past that, there are technical reasons why automatically saving is inefficient. The first being that if you're working on an image file for print work and it is 600 megs, it'll take about 20 seconds to write it completely to disk. If you write changes instead in a incremental fashion, you run into speed issues when opening the file because now you have to apply a large list of changes, some of which may be heavy operations. Worse, the programming effort for implementing such formats is *significant*. If you are going for standardization and expect other application vendors to adopt your file format, then they're going to have to implement the same complex system.
There are ways to optimize that I've left out, but it is simply not an easy task. Manual versioning works and apps like Word support it internally so you don't have to keep multiple files around tagged as different things.
Anyway, to use a computer you do have to learn some terminology and some metaphors that have no physical analogs, but a good bit of it is modeled after the physical world.
Macs have an "Application" menu named after the application. In Firefox it is called "Firefox." That is where application-wide functions are (about/preferences/quit). The "File" menu still exists. That is where major operations relating to files exist (new/save/print/close).
The reason things like "Print" aren't under the application menu is because you can have multiple files open at once. It relates to the current file only. The same goes for "Save." I don't want to save every file I have open.
The apple icon menu is for OS-specific items (about mac/system preferences/shutdown/logout).
As far as I know, neighbor discovery only allows a machine to find routers and determine link layer addresses for a neighbor not determine all the neighbors that do exist. There isn't a packet you can send out that gets every single active link layer address out there. Just like ARP, you have to requests it for each IP individually.
That's not to say one couldn't track what other machines a particular machine is talking to and infect them or use one of the multicast protocols every windows machine uses to find out what shares are available to determine the machines on the local network.
Increasing the address space to 2^128 will significantly decrease the rate worms can spread by brute force. Scanning even the complete *local* network alone requires checking a minimum of 2^64 IPs (the minimum subnet allocated to a device). Even if you could scan at a rate of 100,000 per second, it would take 5,849,424 years to check each one.
Note: There is actually a little less than 2^64 IPs you'd have to scan because the lower bits are typically configured using a MAC that includes a vendor ID.
The last time I looked, eDonkey by default no longer connected to the eDonkey2K server network (the centralized network emule connects to). eDonkey has its own p2p protocol similar to emule's KAD, but they are incompatible with eachother. Thus, the only way that emule users would see eDonkey users is if a user manually turned connecting to the eDonkey2K server network back on.
The original Monkey Island games were among the best games I've ever played. The only transition I thought was decent was Final Fantasy games. I loved the original and I loved the 3D versions.
One of the youngest students ever admitted to Oxford University for a degree program (mathematics) was Sufiah Yusof at the age of 13. Ruth Lawrence had actually achieved a starred First Class honors degree in maths by the time she reached age 13, had a degree in physics a year later and a PhD in mathematics by the time she was 16.
Yes yes and Albert Einstein was a high school dropout who had teachers that thought he was mentally retarded because he was so slow to answer questions and failed the entrance exam to a tehnical college (Polytechnic Institute of Zurich).
There are very different kinds of intelligence. IQ tests are built specifically to ensure that both men and women average out to 100. Each section is weighted periodically because kids keep scoring better and better on them. IQ tests are interesting if you're looking for the top 10% so you can nurture them early on, but beyond that they're hopeless.
Every few years someone pops up with another one of these silly studies. Who cares?
You know, you don't have to use a C++ GUI library when writing a C++ application.
Seems sort of silly to state that C++ doesn't have a good set of libraries when you can use any C library you wish. I do it all the time. There is no reason to create a C++ resolver library when a simple one exists in C already.
C++ has a very simple philosophy, you don't pay for what you don't use. You can write C and occassionally use std::string if you want to. Nothing stops you from doing it. There is no rule that says, "thou shalt use operator overloading."
Hrm. 1999? 2000? I think you're a decade or so off. All the old h/p/a/v/c BBSs not to mention Compuserve and GEnie have used "netspeak" since at least the late 80's and I imagine earlier.
Hrm. In California you can order a birth certificate online without any form of ID. It is public record after all. I believe they passed some law last year that says you have to agree to a sworn statement about you being authorized to get a certified copy that can be used for identification, but I got a certified copy of mine by filling out a form online.
Intelligence: Men average a higher IQ and SAT score, and they have a brain that is 100 grams bigger.
Uhm. IQ tests such as Stanford-Binet are specifically designed so that the average man and woman both score 100. They weight the various areas (spatial ability, perceptual speed, reading comprehension, etc.) that men and women score higher in differently to achieve this.
What is different however is that men tend to dominate the extremes of retardation and genius. Men are 3 to 4 times more likly to be autistic. Retardation occurs 1.5x as much in men as women.
Using random numbers to select the next song played sounds good in theory, but unfortunately it is a terrible idea in practice. The reason is simple, choosing a random number doesn't take the past into account. When you're playing music, you want to take the past into account so you don't end up playing the same thing over and over.
If you have 10 songs and you generate 10 random numbers, you could very well select the same song 10 times in a row.
What you want to do is do a random shuffle on the playlist itself once and simply play the songs in order. Rince and repeat once you hit the end.
Sigh. There are plenty of garbage collectors and boundscheckers for C/C++. Heck, there are several bounds checker extensions/patches for GCC that introduce bounds checking to both stack and heap. Boehm is a fine garbage collector if you like that sort of thing. They go back at least 10 years.
Combined with a non-executable stack and heap, randomized address space layout and signed return addresses (StackGuard XORs with a random value and verifies before returning), it becomes extremely difficult to exploit.
And of course with C++, you don't actually have to use pointers or arrays. There are enough nice safe standard containers.. well I won't go into that.
That said, not all security exploits are buffer overflow related. There were plenty of security exploits before buffer overflows became popular and there are still plenty today. They can exist in Java just as easily as anywhere else. You pass an unescaped buffer from a user to a db call, no amount of VM is going to help you avoid someone taking advantage of it.
It would be great if we would get systems that are modular, maybe work with a set of chipcards or something along those lines.
You're in luck. A new standard for cable systems called CableCard allows you to do away with the set top box. A small card (looks like a pcmcia card) that you can insert into new televisions instead of requiring a cable box. Apparently TiVO and friends are working on a PVR that handles these cards as well. The FCC mandated it and sets are already being rolled out with support.
Any life, obviously, is worth saving, but in the future I wonder how you could warn villages without power/communication systems. Very tragic.
Air raid sirens. The same system that exists in Hawaii to warn of incoming tsunamis. Sure it takes a little education to understand them, but they are cheap and carry long distances (4 miles).
If you don't have power strung out, you can hook them up to diesel engines and have a person responsible for flipping it on if they hear another one. They'll go off in relay and it'll take a little longer, but it is better than nothing. I imagine you could also use solar and a decent sized set of batteries + something that would pick up the sound of another siren and just go off.
Of course, the drives are a bit expensive at 10k+ Euro, but as far as availability goes, it's not an issue.
You can buy a 400 GB (native) LTO-2 drive for well under half of that. Still not in the range of most people though. On eBay, they are available for ~$1800.
Re:No NORAD Santa tracker this year kids...
on
Ho, Ho, Ho
·
· Score: 2, Insightful
Whoah. Santa is related to religion? I just thought it was a cute story.
I had no idea there was a religion that believed in small elves forced to build millions of toys to be delivered by a fat man in a red suit driving a sleigh pulled by magic reindeer.
He said the US has a much larger, older and more complicated communications network than the rest of the world and that is true unless you count roads as transports for the post. I suppose he should have qualified that with "electric." Though we also have one of the oldest and largest fiber as well.
Both the telegraph and the telephone were invented in the US. The former by Joseph Henry in 1830 then exploited commercially by Samuel Morse later. The later by Alexander Bell in the 1870s or Elisha Gray depending on who you ask.
What is this, is it an obligation to be proud to be a citizen of whatever country? I am dutch, and I am not proud because of that. In fact noone IMHO has the right to be proud because of whatever citizenship. Citizenship is something you get because of birth, so there is no merit whatsoever to be proud of.
I fail to see how it is wrong to take pride in something you are a part of. I vote. I participate in political discussions. I try and improve my community. I write my elected officials with my opinions on important issues. I am not a passive spectator that just "exists" in my country. Maybe you are and that's fine, but surely you can't be saying it is wrong to take pride in something you've helped improve, even in a small way?
Geez. Next you'll be telling me it is wrong to take pride in my company.
Radio has photons just like x-ray and infrared has photons. They just happen to have significantly less energy than visible light.
The ability to produce current in a wire is a product of the coherence of the photons. You should be able to generate current with a coherent laser beam or microwave.
Slashdot Mirror
Ghee is just butter with the milk solids and water removed. It is really just a form of clarified butter. There is nothing rancid about it.
You can make it on a stove with very little effort. Just melt unsalted butter over low heat and cook until it is a clear golden liquid. Spoon off any of the froth that appears on top. Continue to cook until it no longer froths. The milk solids will be at the bottom and the water should have all boiled off. The golden liquid on top is ghee.
Actually, both are nouns and verbs. For example using effect to mean "to create":
This is different from using affect as "to have influence on":
Then there is the noun form of affect, but no one really uses that.
10.3 Redirection 3xx
Since day one, "SAVE" has been obsolete along with a myriad of abstractions offered end users (what the heck is the notion of a "FILE" menu anyway? -- What the heck is the notion of "FILE"? I know I've read every beginner's book about getting familiar with computers, and they always go into excruciatingly dull detail about the file abstraction (it's a collection of bytes the comprise a document, blah, blah, blah.)). Users don't care what a file is, they don't want to know what a file is, they just want to do work.
I don't really understand. A file on a computer is an analog to a file in the physical world. A file folder (directory) on a computer is an analog to a file folder in the physical world. A file is a thing that contains information (pictures, text, whatever) in the physical world and on a computer.
Can you work in the physical world without files? I suppose you could if you never handled paper, but it was just easier to copy something from the physical world because it was assumed that anyone who knew how to file papers would be able to understand.
You simply can't efficiently use information and not organize it... even if your organization method is a stack of documents on a desk.
Save is not some useless abstraction. Save guarantees that the temporary changes you've made are committed. You are transferring the changes from short term memory to long term memory.
Automatically saving is *bad*. You should be able to open a file, make a bunch of changes and then save them as a new file *without* changing the original file at all. I should qualify that. Automatically saving for the purposes of disaster recovery is fine... word does it by simply saving to a temporary file so that if your computer blows up, you can recover something. As far as I know, if you open a file, make a bunch of changes, autosave happens and decide to quit without saving (it'll prompt), your original file remains unmodified.
Past that, there are technical reasons why automatically saving is inefficient. The first being that if you're working on an image file for print work and it is 600 megs, it'll take about 20 seconds to write it completely to disk. If you write changes instead in a incremental fashion, you run into speed issues when opening the file because now you have to apply a large list of changes, some of which may be heavy operations. Worse, the programming effort for implementing such formats is *significant*. If you are going for standardization and expect other application vendors to adopt your file format, then they're going to have to implement the same complex system.
There are ways to optimize that I've left out, but it is simply not an easy task. Manual versioning works and apps like Word support it internally so you don't have to keep multiple files around tagged as different things.
Anyway, to use a computer you do have to learn some terminology and some metaphors that have no physical analogs, but a good bit of it is modeled after the physical world.
Macs have an "Application" menu named after the application. In Firefox it is called "Firefox." That is where application-wide functions are (about/preferences/quit). The "File" menu still exists. That is where major operations relating to files exist (new/save/print/close).
The reason things like "Print" aren't under the application menu is because you can have multiple files open at once. It relates to the current file only. The same goes for "Save." I don't want to save every file I have open.
The apple icon menu is for OS-specific items (about mac/system preferences/shutdown/logout).
As far as I know, neighbor discovery only allows a machine to find routers and determine link layer addresses for a neighbor not determine all the neighbors that do exist. There isn't a packet you can send out that gets every single active link layer address out there. Just like ARP, you have to requests it for each IP individually.
That's not to say one couldn't track what other machines a particular machine is talking to and infect them or use one of the multicast protocols every windows machine uses to find out what shares are available to determine the machines on the local network.
Increasing the address space to 2^128 will significantly decrease the rate worms can spread by brute force. Scanning even the complete *local* network alone requires checking a minimum of 2^64 IPs (the minimum subnet allocated to a device). Even if you could scan at a rate of 100,000 per second, it would take 5,849,424 years to check each one.
Note: There is actually a little less than 2^64 IPs you'd have to scan because the lower bits are typically configured using a MAC that includes a vendor ID.
The last time I looked, eDonkey by default no longer connected to the eDonkey2K server network (the centralized network emule connects to). eDonkey has its own p2p protocol similar to emule's KAD, but they are incompatible with eachother. Thus, the only way that emule users would see eDonkey users is if a user manually turned connecting to the eDonkey2K server network back on.
The original Monkey Island games were among the best games I've ever played. The only transition I thought was decent was Final Fantasy games. I loved the original and I loved the 3D versions.
One of the youngest students ever admitted to Oxford University for a degree program (mathematics) was Sufiah Yusof at the age of 13. Ruth Lawrence had actually achieved a starred First Class honors degree in maths by the time she reached age 13, had a degree in physics a year later and a PhD in mathematics by the time she was 16.
Yes yes and Albert Einstein was a high school dropout who had teachers that thought he was mentally retarded because he was so slow to answer questions and failed the entrance exam to a tehnical college (Polytechnic Institute of Zurich).
There are very different kinds of intelligence. IQ tests are built specifically to ensure that both men and women average out to 100. Each section is weighted periodically because kids keep scoring better and better on them. IQ tests are interesting if you're looking for the top 10% so you can nurture them early on, but beyond that they're hopeless.
Every few years someone pops up with another one of these silly studies. Who cares?
You know, you don't have to use a C++ GUI library when writing a C++ application.
Seems sort of silly to state that C++ doesn't have a good set of libraries when you can use any C library you wish. I do it all the time. There is no reason to create a C++ resolver library when a simple one exists in C already.
C++ has a very simple philosophy, you don't pay for what you don't use. You can write C and occassionally use std::string if you want to. Nothing stops you from doing it. There is no rule that says, "thou shalt use operator overloading."
Hrm. 1999? 2000? I think you're a decade or so off. All the old h/p/a/v/c BBSs not to mention Compuserve and GEnie have used "netspeak" since at least the late 80's and I imagine earlier.
It is a little hard to find old text documents, but here is one from circa 1985 entitled The History of Real K-K00L DOODS.
Of course that is when it was cool to type in all caps with only a splattering of 0's and 1's in words, BeFoRe ThE MuLtI-CAsE ThING WaS K-RaD eLiTe.
There are some great old textfiles. Including the smiley dictionary (1989/1990), The Jargon File (1990), and a post about Compuserves Online Magazine in 1989 that includes such wonderful ones as ROFL, OIC, OTOH, etc.
Hrm. In California you can order a birth certificate online without any form of ID. It is public record after all. I believe they passed some law last year that says you have to agree to a sworn statement about you being authorized to get a certified copy that can be used for identification, but I got a certified copy of mine by filling out a form online.
Intelligence: Men average a higher IQ and SAT score, and they have a brain that is 100 grams bigger.
Uhm. IQ tests such as Stanford-Binet are specifically designed so that the average man and woman both score 100. They weight the various areas (spatial ability, perceptual speed, reading comprehension, etc.) that men and women score higher in differently to achieve this.
What is different however is that men tend to dominate the extremes of retardation and genius. Men are 3 to 4 times more likly to be autistic. Retardation occurs 1.5x as much in men as women.
Using random numbers to select the next song played sounds good in theory, but unfortunately it is a terrible idea in practice. The reason is simple, choosing a random number doesn't take the past into account. When you're playing music, you want to take the past into account so you don't end up playing the same thing over and over.
If you have 10 songs and you generate 10 random numbers, you could very well select the same song 10 times in a row.
What you want to do is do a random shuffle on the playlist itself once and simply play the songs in order. Rince and repeat once you hit the end.
C++/C is not. Bugs can have disastrous effect.
Sigh. There are plenty of garbage collectors and boundscheckers for C/C++. Heck, there are several bounds checker extensions/patches for GCC that introduce bounds checking to both stack and heap. Boehm is a fine garbage collector if you like that sort of thing. They go back at least 10 years.
Combined with a non-executable stack and heap, randomized address space layout and signed return addresses (StackGuard XORs with a random value and verifies before returning), it becomes extremely difficult to exploit.
And of course with C++, you don't actually have to use pointers or arrays. There are enough nice safe standard containers.. well I won't go into that.
That said, not all security exploits are buffer overflow related. There were plenty of security exploits before buffer overflows became popular and there are still plenty today. They can exist in Java just as easily as anywhere else. You pass an unescaped buffer from a user to a db call, no amount of VM is going to help you avoid someone taking advantage of it.
The 10-key keypad is the standard used by adding machines. It was created by Sundstrand in 1914.
You'll notice calculators from HP and TI also use this format. Heck, open up 'calc' on windows and you'll notice the same format.
Printing calculators (adding machines) from Sharp, Canon, etc. all use the same format. Usually they add a double-zero key though.
And yes, people still use them.
Sigh.
Most biologists today consider evolution to be a fact. What is a theory is the mechanisms that drive evolution, such as natural selection.
Speciation has been observed directly. Mostly with plants and insects. [1] There is more than enough literature on this.
It would be great if we would get systems that are modular, maybe work with a set of chipcards or something along those lines.
You're in luck. A new standard for cable systems called CableCard allows you to do away with the set top box. A small card (looks like a pcmcia card) that you can insert into new televisions instead of requiring a cable box. Apparently TiVO and friends are working on a PVR that handles these cards as well. The FCC mandated it and sets are already being rolled out with support.
Any life, obviously, is worth saving, but in the future I wonder how you could warn villages without power/communication systems. Very tragic.
Air raid sirens. The same system that exists in Hawaii to warn of incoming tsunamis. Sure it takes a little education to understand them, but they are cheap and carry long distances (4 miles).
If you don't have power strung out, you can hook them up to diesel engines and have a person responsible for flipping it on if they hear another one. They'll go off in relay and it'll take a little longer, but it is better than nothing. I imagine you could also use solar and a decent sized set of batteries + something that would pick up the sound of another siren and just go off.
Of course, the drives are a bit expensive at 10k+ Euro, but as far as availability goes, it's not an issue.
You can buy a 400 GB (native) LTO-2 drive for well under half of that. Still not in the range of most people though. On eBay, they are available for ~$1800.
Whoah. Santa is related to religion? I just thought it was a cute story.
I had no idea there was a religion that believed in small elves forced to build millions of toys to be delivered by a fat man in a red suit driving a sleigh pulled by magic reindeer.
He said the US has a much larger, older and more complicated communications network than the rest of the world and that is true unless you count roads as transports for the post. I suppose he should have qualified that with "electric." Though we also have one of the oldest and largest fiber as well.
Both the telegraph and the telephone were invented in the US. The former by Joseph Henry in 1830 then exploited commercially by Samuel Morse later. The later by Alexander Bell in the 1870s or Elisha Gray depending on who you ask.
What is this, is it an obligation to be proud to be a citizen of whatever country? I am dutch, and I am not proud because of that. In fact noone IMHO has the right to be proud because of whatever citizenship. Citizenship is something you get because of birth, so there is no merit whatsoever to be proud of.
I fail to see how it is wrong to take pride in something you are a part of. I vote. I participate in political discussions. I try and improve my community. I write my elected officials with my opinions on important issues. I am not a passive spectator that just "exists" in my country. Maybe you are and that's fine, but surely you can't be saying it is wrong to take pride in something you've helped improve, even in a small way?
Geez. Next you'll be telling me it is wrong to take pride in my company.
Radio is not photonic
Radio has photons just like x-ray and infrared has photons. They just happen to have significantly less energy than visible light.
The ability to produce current in a wire is a product of the coherence of the photons. You should be able to generate current with a coherent laser beam or microwave.