The distinction between X-Rays and gamma rays is not the way how they are produced but the energy level.
As others have pointed out, this is false. Here's a simple guide to the complex language of electromagnetic radiation:
1) If it was produced by an atomic process it's an x-ray, no matter what the energy.
2) If it was produced by a nuclear process, it's a gamma-ray, no matter what the energy
3) If the source is neither atomic nor nuclear, or unknown, it's field-dependent and circumstance dependent. I tend to think of bremstrahlung as gamma radiation unless I'm talking about x-ray sources for imaging or medical treatment. This is a purely cultural difference, with the terms "x-ray" and "gamma ray" being understood as interchangeable by practitioners, but with one or the other being preferred depending on context. Annihilation radiation is called gamma or x-ray depending on the field as well.
With regard to the EM radiation from storms, there are multiple possible origins. It's pretty easy to create neutrons from high-energy plasmas, as in the Farnsworth Fusor. Subsequent capture of those neutrons on nuclei will produce "true" gamma rays. On the other hand, various purely EM processes could be producing x-rays as well. So the EM radiation from storms could well be a mix of both nuclear and atomic processes. Call 'em gammas or x-rays, and don't make a big deal of it.
This is only in the headlines because of how unfortunately politicized this topic has become.
It's news because Every. Single. Story. on weather ends up talking about climate change. Dunno if that's politicalization or just flavour-of-the-week reporting, but it needs to be pointed out as the nonsense it is.
Climate is a distribution.
Weather is an event.
Distributions are made of events, but they are not events and they have properties (their mean and higher moments) that are emergent properties of the distribution, not properties of the events that make them up.
So long as idiots talk about climate change every time there is a warm spell or a cold snap, there will be a need to point out the difference between events and distributions, and the very small amount you can say about discerning between different distributions that largely overlap based on a single event, or even a small handful of events.
The example I use is Butterflies, which change from a crawling creature to one that flies, mid life.
Except we have a pretty good idea of how it happens.
Do you believe in eggs? That is, do you believe in organisms--including insects--that reproduce by laying eggs? And do you believe that those eggs don't have shells?
If so, can you imagine a mutation that makes an egg very slightly motile? The outer layers of such eggs is typically some kind of protein. Suppose that there is a mutation such that after the egg has grown to a certain size there is a biochemical response that causes the protein coat to contract when exposed to light. Lots of biochemicals react to light, and some of them change shape or react with other molecules under the exposure to light in ways that cause them to change shape. It just has be a tiny bit.
Now you have an "egg" that in its later stages of development moves away from light. Such an egg might plausibly be more likely to survive than one that stays put. So over time, the eggs of such insects that are very slightly motile come to predominate. There is no way around that if the mutation is heritable, so unless you don't believe in DNA--and chemistry--you have to accept that that happens. You could also deny the laws of probability, in which case I have a lottery ticket to sell you.
Now iterate this process over a few million generations. Can you see how you might go from a flying insect that lays eggs to a flying insect that lays slightly motile eggs to a flying insect that has a motile larval stage?
What we can or cannot imagine is irrelevant to what does or does not exist, so I'm not arguing here that "evolution is imaginable and therefore true", but merely trying to extend your imagination to the point where you are motivated to look more deeply into the subject.
My own belief is that evolution by variation and natural selection is not just plausible, but mathematically necessary: http://www.amazon.com/Darwins-...
Since the meaning of the gibberish on the flag is, "I am stupid! I am really really stupid!" it doesn't seem like there's much point in arguing about the conventions of translation.
In English "God" is sometimes rendered Yaweh or Jehova, but could as equally well be given as "Silly Bugger" or "Twit", and it wouldn't change the meaning of Christian gibberish, so there is no reason to quibble about how Muslim gibberish is translated. You could swap God for Allah in the translation and it would still mean: "I am stupid! I am really really stupid!"
Since God/Allah/Twit/etc is a word for something that the vast preponderance of the evidence suggests does not exist--all kinds of things are true that an all-powerful, all-loving, all-vengeful Supreme Being would not permit, and all kinds of things don't exist that such a being would create--anyone who believes in such a Being is necessarily stupid. As stupid as someone who believes in the Tooth Fairy or Santa Claus. And since the translation should capture the gist of a sentence's meaning, "I am stupid! I am really, really stupid!" appropriately captures the gist of this one.
is bennett haselton a real person? and if so, any idea what abnormal psychological diagnoses he might fit?
Narcissistic Marketing Disorder: the belief that whatever you have to say, no matter now banal, stupid, confused, idiotic, boring, passe', imbecilic or wrong, it is interesting and important because it's you saying it.
The biggest problem with what Stross is saying is that people, in general, want to read about situations that are familiar to them. It's damn hard to come up with a truly believable far-future culture in the first place, but it's much harder to do so in a way that makes it both alien to us and something that people can identify with enough to actually enjoy reading.
The same is true of historical fiction. Protagonists from as little as a century ago, if depicted realistically, would be both wildly implausible and utterly unpalatable to modern audiences. Even modern novels from other cultures have a lot of heavy lifting to do if they want to get an audience in the Anglosphere.
Two reasonably good historical authors are Patrick O'Brien and George MacDonald Fraser. The former manages by making his characters genuinely alien to us, and the latter by having a hero (Flashman) who is a complete reprobate, so when he--for example--sells his nominal wife into slavery we are shocked but not surprised.
On this basis, even near future SF is hard to do well. I've written a near future novel (http://www.amazon.com/Darwins-Theorem-TJ-Radcliffe-ebook/dp/B00KBH5O8K/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1418030663&sr=8-1&keywords=darwin%27s+theorem) and even a decade or three in the future is hard to handle realistically while still keeping characters accessible to the modern reader.
I'd go further and say that when we read historical authors, from Shakespeare to Austen to Dickens, we often gloss over just how weird the worlds they are writing about actually are, and the pace of social change in the past generation or two accounts for most of that shift. If things keep up at this rate none of us will be able to communicate meaningfully with our grandchildren.
Fossil finds are a very sparsely sampled distribution, which means that while the earliest evidence for art has been pushed back hundreds of thousands of years, the earliest making of art almost certainly predates it by a much longer span: http://www.tjradcliffe.com/?p=...
This is not a new idea, but it's one that continually evades reporters in this area. The data of first discovery of a sparsely sampled distribution is almost certainly much, much later than the first instance of the thing being sampled.
Dear/.: please enable killing all Bennett posts without completely disabling the site. If I put "Bennet Hasselton" in my list of filtered terms every story disappears.
What is it about Medium? It's like a forum for bland idiocy, which admittedly is a step up from the kind of idiocy we see elsewhere on the 'Net, but it's as certain as Bennett to produce garbage.
I don't think even-handed coverage is possible, when journalism as a whole is essentially paid trolling for one agenda or another.
We can at least hope for news stories that convey a minimal amount of relevant background information: http://www.tjradcliffe.com/?p=...
The cost of supplying a few concrete facts relevant to the background of each story is apparently too much for various news outlets, but with the kind of crowd-sourcing Larry is suggesting this could be done. It'll be interesting to see how this effort evolves.
Ideology may always be with us, in the sense that that "there is no view from no where" but it is (precisely!) equally true that "there is no view of no where", and modern news organizations apparently forget that. They routinely distort the news to the point where it is almost unrecognizable (ask anyone who has been close to any matter reported in the news). Part of the value of sites like/. is that sometimes we get people here who can untangle the journalist's mix of ideology and ignorance from the subject of the story, which gives us all a better view of reality, which of course is possible (your smartphone wouldn't work if it wasn't.)
The situation was similar for transistors, if you recall: the first solid-state transistor was invented in 1947...
Actually, the situation was very different for the transistor. The 1947 invention was the point-contact transistor. The bipolar junction silicon transistor was invented in 1954 and the first commercial transistor radio was released the same year (both by TI): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...
So less than 7 years from "it's possible" to the first release of perhaps the most famous application.
Microchips, which you mention for some reason, are irrelevant: the impact of the transistor was huge long before microchips became relevant.
Graphene, by contrast, is a decade past discovery. Ten years ago we were told two things about graphene:
1) no one knows how to produce it in bulk
2) if we could produce it in bulk there would be awesome things that could be done with it.
Continuing to publish stories a decade later that amplify the awesome things that could be done with it, when there has apparently been little or no progress in its mass production, is some combination of boring/frustrating/stupid. We don't really need to be continually told, "The list of things you can't yet to do with graphene, and won't ever be able to do with graphene in the foreseeable future, continues to lengthen."
It just isn't interesting to tell these stories. Come back and talk about graphene when there is progress on mass production. That is interesting. Adding to the already long list of things that will never be made out of it because no one can figure out how to mass produce it is not.
Nuclear won't be accepted as a solution until people who claim to believe that climate change has the potential to end civilization accept that the only proven technology capable of replacing base-load coal is nuclear, and that climate change is a technological problem, not a social problem.
This will take a long time.
The green activist movement is completely dominated by Naiomi Klein-style social engineers who don't care one whit about the environment, but who see it as a useful tool for defeating global capitalism. Thus their opposition to any technological solution to the problem of CO2 emissions whatsoever.
Now that climate change is increasingly widely acknowledged as a real issue--the Pentagon takes it seriously, can you get realer than that?--the green activist community will increasingly be seen as the major impediment to solving the problem. The question is: will we push these utopian socialists aside quickly enough to save the planet?
Likewise! I'm a member of a car co-op that has a range of available vehicles from smart-cars to pickups, and I'm a block away from good mass transit and three blocks away from excellent mass transit.
When I moved here a few years ago I wondered "Will I miss having a car?"
After a year I thought, "Not having a car is OK"
Now I think, "Man am I ever glad I don't own a car!"
We've been doing unintentional geoengineering for hundreds of years now, why would some intentional geoengineering be so bad?
Because it might allow us to continue with global trade, industrial capitalism and rising prosperity.
Show me any practical, proven technology whose wide-spread deployment would significantly reduce GHG emissions and I will show you a green activist group vehemently opposed to it.
Some people will claim that green activists aren't opposed to all these (and other) technologies per se but rather to these specific projects... and yet there is in fact opposition to every single specific project of sufficient scale or scope to make a difference, so that is clearly false. It is simply not plausible that every single project regardless of technology just happens to be so bad for the Earth it is worthy of vigorous opposition, unless you're against industrial capitalism, global trade and rising prosperity regardless, in which case you should just be honest and say so, and stop with all the irrelevant distractions about the climate.
Green activists are like anti-contraception activists: they believe their target activity (industrial capitalism/sex) is bad in and of itself, and cannot ever be made good, but they disingenuously and dishonestly claim that they are opposed to it because of its potential negative consequences... and then do everything they can to prevent anyone from ameliorating those consequences.
GA: "Global warming is bad! We must shut down industrial capitalism!"
Technologist: "Hey, I can fix things so industrial capitalism wouldn't cause global warming."
GA: "We must not do that!:
Tech: "Why not?"
GA: "Because industrial capitalism is bad!"
Tech: "How come?"
GA: "Because it causes global warming!"
Tech: "But I just showed you how we can avoid that."
GA: "We can't! You're lying! It's a trap! Industrial capitalism can't be made good because it's bad!"
Tech: "Fuck you. I'm going to go ahead anyway."
GA: goes away muttering, waving copy of Malthus...
My original post was simply pointing out that the human brain is NOT and can never be a Turing machine
This is true but it has exactly nothing to do with quantum mechanics or randomness. To see this, understand that we can't tell if QM is "truly" (metaphysically) random or just mocking it up really cleverly. Or rather, we can tell, but using inferences so indirect that they make no difference to the operation of the human brain, which is an extremely strongly coupled environment that is completely unlike the areas where "true" quantum randomness exhibits itself. No process in the brain depends in any way on metaphysical randomness: we could write a Monte Carlo simulation of the brain using entirely pseudo-random number generators and it would be accurate.
Brains and robots and computers have a number of properties that Turing Machines do not, however. In particular, I/O and realtime interrupts. Turing's model is strictly limited to what is on the tape. There is no way to hook up a sensor to a Turing machine and still have any of Turing's proofs still apply. The moment you allow even one bit to come in from the outside world, you no longer have a Turing machine.
So what Turing machines cannot do is not all that interesting to the design of robots. Turing's most important proof is that of universal computation: that any machine that can do at least what a Turing machine can do can compute anything that any Turing machine can compute. But this tells us nothing about what a machine that contains a Turing machine but is not itself a Turing machine can do. Robots (and humans) exhibit emergent properties from their interaction with the world, and that interaction is simply not part of Turing's model.
Glancing at the partial list of topics presented suggests this work won't be too hard to improve on:
Topic | Characteristic words 4 | categori of birth death stub date name persondata place metadata 20 | univers of the faculti colleg at and edu professor alumni 31 | painter paint of art artist the and in work museum 35 | he in his was and the to of categori at 77 | he the his in to was of and on at 97 | chines china hong kong zh taiwan zhang shanghai wang beij 100 | the book writer novel fiction of and stori isbn novelist 149 | of the and in historian univers languag histori studi translat 160 | she her in the and was to of as with 168 | the to that in and of ref was had by Table 1: Examples of topics derived from text of Wikipedia articles
I don't think I could honestly trust in the abilities of any programmer who hasn't had a serious discrete math class
On the other hand, I've known programmers who are great at graph theory but can't debug their way out of a paper bag.
And I've worked with a great programmer who had an excellent pure math background (ABD from PhD a program with heavy discrete math component) and someone comparably good with a high school diploma who was entirely self-taught. I wouldn't necessarily set them to solve the same class of problems, but their core skill-sets overlapped quite a lot, as did their attitude toward correctness, good design, etc.
Programming is still an area where a good autodidact can excel, and many academic courses are less than impressive. It's a subject we are still learning how to teach, and so far I've not seen anything to make me believe any particular academic background is either necessary or sufficient to inculcate the desired skills.
If we make a perfectly simulated animal brain and it works just like the real thing does that mean we've made an animal?
Does it taste good? If not, you haven't made a real animal.
There is nothing deep or even particularly interesting about these questions, and just how stupid their breathless idiocy is can be seen by asking, "Does the newly created entity lack almost every interesting property of the entity some philosophy-addled idiot thinks we should 'wonder' if it is absolutely identical to in every respect?" The answer is always, trivially, "No."
So only an extremely stupid person or a shill trying to market something (fake wisdom?) would ask such an idiotic question.
There are more reasonable questions that people who are neither idiots nor philosophers (but I repeat myself) are reasonably well-equipped to answer. Like this: lacking anything remotely resembling neurochemistry, is it appropriate for us to impute to this model any of the effects of neurochemistry that may or may not be lumped into the neuron behaviour? Since we're pretty sure neurochemistry is independent of network architecture, it would be incredibly stupid to identify the entirety of the robot's responses with the neuronal architecture, rather than the neurochemical environment they behave in?
For example, if you starve a worm its behaviour changes because its neurochemistry changes. Hormone levels, cortisol levels (or their worm equivalents) change, and that changes behaviour, in some cases quite dramatically. So what happens to the robot when you starve it? And if you can't starve it, why do you think it is in any way identical to a worm, rather than just an interesting simulation of part of it?
And of course, simply because we can imagine a more complete model of a worm doesn't mean we can build one that is sufficiently similar to a worm in all respects to make any of these questions interesting. It would have to eat and excrete and so on. It would have to have environmental sensitivities. And imagining those things aren't important is stupid: what we imagine is not relevant to what is real. There is no basis for saying a mechanical worm is a "real" worm (what would an "unreal" worm be?) It is a "real" mechanical worm. You still can't eat it, so it isn't a worm. Saying certain properties "don't count" is pure magical thinking, unworthy of scientists.
proper Stirling engines or steam turbines are not popular in space for some reason.
Stirling engines are used in space, but only when there is a compelling reason to do so. The basic argument against them is two words: moving parts.
Mechanical wear is a huge problem, and thermal management is not a small one. Depending on the spacecraft a sustainable thermal regime may have to be maintained across very different environmental conditions (full sunlight, deep shadow) and very different operational phases. Just getting lubrication to work properly under such circumstances, over a decade in the case of Rosetta/Philae, is non-trivial.
Simpler is better in space, so batteries and solar panels are always going to win over RTGs, and RTGs with thermoelectric conversion are always going to win over RTGs with Stirling engines unless there is a compelling need for the greater output power density each step up in complexity gets you.
Steam turbines are just a non-starter. Water is a dreadful substance to deal with. Highly reactive, prone to freezing, capable of going wrong in ways we can barely imagine, but would certainly discover if anyone was foolish enough to put a steam turbine on a spacecraft. It might be made to work one day, and there are probably some really clever things we are missing, but the cost of each mission is so high that extreme conservatism rules the day, and rightly so.
I'm not convinced that *all* human skills can be categorized in a tree structure. Shouldn't this be some sort of graph?
More likely multiple graphs, since "skills" are abstract categories, and abstract categories are made things that ever knowing subject creates for themselves, with only approximate overlap between them. So what I mean by "interpreted language" and what you mean by "interpreted language" are going to overlap substantially, but we will draw the edges of our attention differently. Some borderline cases you will call "interpreted" and I won't, and vice versa.
For example: are just-in-time compiled languages interpreted or not? There are perfectly legitimate ways of drawing the edges of our attention that include them and others--equally legitimate--that exclude them.
The problem with all such attempts as this is they naively and wrongly assume that the world, which is necessarily some particular way, must also be divided into uniquely determined, rather than usefully constrained, abstract categories by knowing subjects. This is simply not the case, and we have endless examples demonstrating it.
Classical and Newtonian mechanics, although mathematically equivalent, use different and incompatible abstract schemes (one says the principle of least action causes motion, the other Newton's laws.) And so on. 99% of the time we are dealing with interior cases where such distinctions don't matter, but then we hit some weird edge case (quantum mechanics in the case of classical vs Newtonian physics) where one of them suddenly looks completely different from the other, and naive people say, "OK then, the world is really this way" (where "this way" means, "is organized uniquely according to this abstract scheme"). But it isn't: abstractions are ways we describe the world to ourselves as knowing subjects. They are objective in the sense that they arise out of the causal relationships that knowing subjects have with the rest of reality, but to be an object requires a subject (and to be a subject requires an object: there is no view of no-where.) Different subjects will divide up the same objective reality in slightly different ways.
So 2 tonnes of water has the same amount of radiation as 1 banana.
Yup, but innumerate idiots are only going to hear "radiation" and "Fukushima" and claim that the entire west coast is going to be dead. This is an actual claim an actual person made to me just a few weeks ago.
The same person claimed to be deeply concerned about climate change.
Only via complete and utter innumeracy is it possible to be deeply concerned about climate change (not an unreasonable position) and opposed to nuclear power, since nuclear power is the only proven-to-work, proven safe (in precisely the same sense that airliners, which crash sometimes, are "proven safe") alternative to base-load coal.
The latter still requires the unique programming skills.
But they are different skills, and more powerful tools necessarily imply that what used to be highly skilled jobs are now not so skilled.
Automation isn't making programers dumber, it's allowing dumber people to be programmers, or dumber programmers to do harder things. It's been this way forever. 99% of programers working today couldn't have toggled firmware into a 6502 and made it run. Fortunately, they don't have to.
I'm old enough to have known programmers who still were kind of suspicious of these new-fangled "compilers", and I've actually programmed on punch cards, and collected data on a machine that booted from paper tape (there were no working tape punches left, so the lifetime of the machine was dependent on taking really good care of the few remaining tapes...)
All of that has gone away, and the skills programmers needed in those days have gone with it. That's a good thing, although it kind of sucks for people who put in thousands of hours honing skills that are now irrelevant.
Cool-hunting has been around forever and is done by all kinds of people, not just hipsters. Were hipsters in at the start with glam rock? Disco? New Country?
Yet all those things were "cool" (for a certain value of "cool") once upon a time.
So hipsters are at best a subset of cool-hunters, and not a very interesting set, because they differ from other cool-hunters in their stupidity, insularity and arrogance. Many cool-hunters want to find the cool and share it with others. Hipsters want to find the cool and keep it to themselves, to the point of denying that anything that has become popular is cool any more.
Furthermore, you don't understand futures trading, even a little bit. Futures trading is about hedging, not discovery. They literally have nothing to do with each other. Futures markets are not predictive, they simply represent the mean of trader's expectations. They are an essentially homogenizing force. So if you think hipsters are like futures traders you are saying they are trying to make everyone the same bland and boring type.
Another clue that hipsters have nothing interesting to say is their proclivity for using unconventional typography--such as eschewing capitalization--to draw attention away from the vacuity and falsehood of so much of what they say.
Hipsterism is the practice of misdirection. Hipsters are lame people who have learned that attention is the scarcest human resource, so they can hide behind a few attention-grabbing quirks. It saves them from having to do anything actually interesting, useful or productive.
It's kind of sad, really, but the hate they get is well-deserved, because they are socially useless people who are deliberating soaking up our precious, limited attention on completely pointless self-aggrandizement.
Slashdot Mirror
The distinction between X-Rays and gamma rays is not the way how they are produced but the energy level.
As others have pointed out, this is false. Here's a simple guide to the complex language of electromagnetic radiation:
1) If it was produced by an atomic process it's an x-ray, no matter what the energy.
2) If it was produced by a nuclear process, it's a gamma-ray, no matter what the energy
3) If the source is neither atomic nor nuclear, or unknown, it's field-dependent and circumstance dependent. I tend to think of bremstrahlung as gamma radiation unless I'm talking about x-ray sources for imaging or medical treatment. This is a purely cultural difference, with the terms "x-ray" and "gamma ray" being understood as interchangeable by practitioners, but with one or the other being preferred depending on context. Annihilation radiation is called gamma or x-ray depending on the field as well.
With regard to the EM radiation from storms, there are multiple possible origins. It's pretty easy to create neutrons from high-energy plasmas, as in the Farnsworth Fusor. Subsequent capture of those neutrons on nuclei will produce "true" gamma rays. On the other hand, various purely EM processes could be producing x-rays as well. So the EM radiation from storms could well be a mix of both nuclear and atomic processes. Call 'em gammas or x-rays, and don't make a big deal of it.
This is only in the headlines because of how unfortunately politicized this topic has become.
It's news because Every. Single. Story. on weather ends up talking about climate change. Dunno if that's politicalization or just flavour-of-the-week reporting, but it needs to be pointed out as the nonsense it is.
Climate is a distribution.
Weather is an event.
Distributions are made of events, but they are not events and they have properties (their mean and higher moments) that are emergent properties of the distribution, not properties of the events that make them up.
So long as idiots talk about climate change every time there is a warm spell or a cold snap, there will be a need to point out the difference between events and distributions, and the very small amount you can say about discerning between different distributions that largely overlap based on a single event, or even a small handful of events.
The example I use is Butterflies, which change from a crawling creature to one that flies, mid life.
Except we have a pretty good idea of how it happens.
Do you believe in eggs? That is, do you believe in organisms--including insects--that reproduce by laying eggs? And do you believe that those eggs don't have shells?
If so, can you imagine a mutation that makes an egg very slightly motile? The outer layers of such eggs is typically some kind of protein. Suppose that there is a mutation such that after the egg has grown to a certain size there is a biochemical response that causes the protein coat to contract when exposed to light. Lots of biochemicals react to light, and some of them change shape or react with other molecules under the exposure to light in ways that cause them to change shape. It just has be a tiny bit.
Now you have an "egg" that in its later stages of development moves away from light. Such an egg might plausibly be more likely to survive than one that stays put. So over time, the eggs of such insects that are very slightly motile come to predominate. There is no way around that if the mutation is heritable, so unless you don't believe in DNA--and chemistry--you have to accept that that happens. You could also deny the laws of probability, in which case I have a lottery ticket to sell you.
Now iterate this process over a few million generations. Can you see how you might go from a flying insect that lays eggs to a flying insect that lays slightly motile eggs to a flying insect that has a motile larval stage?
What we can or cannot imagine is irrelevant to what does or does not exist, so I'm not arguing here that "evolution is imaginable and therefore true", but merely trying to extend your imagination to the point where you are motivated to look more deeply into the subject.
My own belief is that evolution by variation and natural selection is not just plausible, but mathematically necessary: http://www.amazon.com/Darwins-...
Since the meaning of the gibberish on the flag is, "I am stupid! I am really really stupid!" it doesn't seem like there's much point in arguing about the conventions of translation.
In English "God" is sometimes rendered Yaweh or Jehova, but could as equally well be given as "Silly Bugger" or "Twit", and it wouldn't change the meaning of Christian gibberish, so there is no reason to quibble about how Muslim gibberish is translated. You could swap God for Allah in the translation and it would still mean: "I am stupid! I am really really stupid!"
Since God/Allah/Twit/etc is a word for something that the vast preponderance of the evidence suggests does not exist--all kinds of things are true that an all-powerful, all-loving, all-vengeful Supreme Being would not permit, and all kinds of things don't exist that such a being would create--anyone who believes in such a Being is necessarily stupid. As stupid as someone who believes in the Tooth Fairy or Santa Claus. And since the translation should capture the gist of a sentence's meaning, "I am stupid! I am really, really stupid!" appropriately captures the gist of this one.
is bennett haselton a real person? and if so, any idea what abnormal psychological diagnoses he might fit?
Narcissistic Marketing Disorder: the belief that whatever you have to say, no matter now banal, stupid, confused, idiotic, boring, passe', imbecilic or wrong, it is interesting and important because it's you saying it.
The biggest problem with what Stross is saying is that people, in general, want to read about situations that are familiar to them. It's damn hard to come up with a truly believable far-future culture in the first place, but it's much harder to do so in a way that makes it both alien to us and something that people can identify with enough to actually enjoy reading.
The same is true of historical fiction. Protagonists from as little as a century ago, if depicted realistically, would be both wildly implausible and utterly unpalatable to modern audiences. Even modern novels from other cultures have a lot of heavy lifting to do if they want to get an audience in the Anglosphere.
Two reasonably good historical authors are Patrick O'Brien and George MacDonald Fraser. The former manages by making his characters genuinely alien to us, and the latter by having a hero (Flashman) who is a complete reprobate, so when he--for example--sells his nominal wife into slavery we are shocked but not surprised.
On this basis, even near future SF is hard to do well. I've written a near future novel (http://www.amazon.com/Darwins-Theorem-TJ-Radcliffe-ebook/dp/B00KBH5O8K/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1418030663&sr=8-1&keywords=darwin%27s+theorem) and even a decade or three in the future is hard to handle realistically while still keeping characters accessible to the modern reader.
I'd go further and say that when we read historical authors, from Shakespeare to Austen to Dickens, we often gloss over just how weird the worlds they are writing about actually are, and the pace of social change in the past generation or two accounts for most of that shift. If things keep up at this rate none of us will be able to communicate meaningfully with our grandchildren.
Fossil finds are a very sparsely sampled distribution, which means that while the earliest evidence for art has been pushed back hundreds of thousands of years, the earliest making of art almost certainly predates it by a much longer span: http://www.tjradcliffe.com/?p=...
This is not a new idea, but it's one that continually evades reporters in this area. The data of first discovery of a sparsely sampled distribution is almost certainly much, much later than the first instance of the thing being sampled.
Dear /.: please enable killing all Bennett posts without completely disabling the site. If I put "Bennet Hasselton" in my list of filtered terms every story disappears.
What is it about Medium? It's like a forum for bland idiocy, which admittedly is a step up from the kind of idiocy we see elsewhere on the 'Net, but it's as certain as Bennett to produce garbage.
I don't think even-handed coverage is possible, when journalism as a whole is essentially paid trolling for one agenda or another.
We can at least hope for news stories that convey a minimal amount of relevant background information: http://www.tjradcliffe.com/?p=...
The cost of supplying a few concrete facts relevant to the background of each story is apparently too much for various news outlets, but with the kind of crowd-sourcing Larry is suggesting this could be done. It'll be interesting to see how this effort evolves.
Ideology may always be with us, in the sense that that "there is no view from no where" but it is (precisely!) equally true that "there is no view of no where", and modern news organizations apparently forget that. They routinely distort the news to the point where it is almost unrecognizable (ask anyone who has been close to any matter reported in the news). Part of the value of sites like /. is that sometimes we get people here who can untangle the journalist's mix of ideology and ignorance from the subject of the story, which gives us all a better view of reality, which of course is possible (your smartphone wouldn't work if it wasn't.)
The situation was similar for transistors, if you recall: the first solid-state transistor was invented in 1947...
Actually, the situation was very different for the transistor. The 1947 invention was the point-contact transistor. The bipolar junction silicon transistor was invented in 1954 and the first commercial transistor radio was released the same year (both by TI): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...
So less than 7 years from "it's possible" to the first release of perhaps the most famous application.
Microchips, which you mention for some reason, are irrelevant: the impact of the transistor was huge long before microchips became relevant.
Graphene, by contrast, is a decade past discovery. Ten years ago we were told two things about graphene:
1) no one knows how to produce it in bulk
2) if we could produce it in bulk there would be awesome things that could be done with it.
Continuing to publish stories a decade later that amplify the awesome things that could be done with it, when there has apparently been little or no progress in its mass production, is some combination of boring/frustrating/stupid. We don't really need to be continually told, "The list of things you can't yet to do with graphene, and won't ever be able to do with graphene in the foreseeable future, continues to lengthen."
It just isn't interesting to tell these stories. Come back and talk about graphene when there is progress on mass production. That is interesting. Adding to the already long list of things that will never be made out of it because no one can figure out how to mass produce it is not.
Nuclear won't be accepted as a solution until people who claim to believe that climate change has the potential to end civilization accept that the only proven technology capable of replacing base-load coal is nuclear, and that climate change is a technological problem, not a social problem.
This will take a long time.
The green activist movement is completely dominated by Naiomi Klein-style social engineers who don't care one whit about the environment, but who see it as a useful tool for defeating global capitalism. Thus their opposition to any technological solution to the problem of CO2 emissions whatsoever.
Now that climate change is increasingly widely acknowledged as a real issue--the Pentagon takes it seriously, can you get realer than that?--the green activist community will increasingly be seen as the major impediment to solving the problem. The question is: will we push these utopian socialists aside quickly enough to save the planet?
Likewise! I'm a member of a car co-op that has a range of available vehicles from smart-cars to pickups, and I'm a block away from good mass transit and three blocks away from excellent mass transit.
When I moved here a few years ago I wondered "Will I miss having a car?"
After a year I thought, "Not having a car is OK"
Now I think, "Man am I ever glad I don't own a car!"
We've been doing unintentional geoengineering for hundreds of years now, why would some intentional geoengineering be so bad?
Because it might allow us to continue with global trade, industrial capitalism and rising prosperity.
Show me any practical, proven technology whose wide-spread deployment would significantly reduce GHG emissions and I will show you a green activist group vehemently opposed to it.
Wind: http://www.energyenvironmental...
Solar: http://www.kcet.org/news/redef...
Hydro: http://www.theglobeandmail.com...
And of course Nuclear: http://www.nationaljournal.com...
Some people will claim that green activists aren't opposed to all these (and other) technologies per se but rather to these specific projects... and yet there is in fact opposition to every single specific project of sufficient scale or scope to make a difference, so that is clearly false. It is simply not plausible that every single project regardless of technology just happens to be so bad for the Earth it is worthy of vigorous opposition, unless you're against industrial capitalism, global trade and rising prosperity regardless, in which case you should just be honest and say so, and stop with all the irrelevant distractions about the climate.
Green activists are like anti-contraception activists: they believe their target activity (industrial capitalism/sex) is bad in and of itself, and cannot ever be made good, but they disingenuously and dishonestly claim that they are opposed to it because of its potential negative consequences... and then do everything they can to prevent anyone from ameliorating those consequences.
GA: "Global warming is bad! We must shut down industrial capitalism!"
Technologist: "Hey, I can fix things so industrial capitalism wouldn't cause global warming."
GA: "We must not do that!:
Tech: "Why not?"
GA: "Because industrial capitalism is bad!"
Tech: "How come?"
GA: "Because it causes global warming!"
Tech: "But I just showed you how we can avoid that."
GA: "We can't! You're lying! It's a trap! Industrial capitalism can't be made good because it's bad!"
Tech: "Fuck you. I'm going to go ahead anyway."
GA: goes away muttering, waving copy of Malthus...
My original post was simply pointing out that the human brain is NOT and can never be a Turing machine
This is true but it has exactly nothing to do with quantum mechanics or randomness. To see this, understand that we can't tell if QM is "truly" (metaphysically) random or just mocking it up really cleverly. Or rather, we can tell, but using inferences so indirect that they make no difference to the operation of the human brain, which is an extremely strongly coupled environment that is completely unlike the areas where "true" quantum randomness exhibits itself. No process in the brain depends in any way on metaphysical randomness: we could write a Monte Carlo simulation of the brain using entirely pseudo-random number generators and it would be accurate.
Brains and robots and computers have a number of properties that Turing Machines do not, however. In particular, I/O and realtime interrupts. Turing's model is strictly limited to what is on the tape. There is no way to hook up a sensor to a Turing machine and still have any of Turing's proofs still apply. The moment you allow even one bit to come in from the outside world, you no longer have a Turing machine.
So what Turing machines cannot do is not all that interesting to the design of robots. Turing's most important proof is that of universal computation: that any machine that can do at least what a Turing machine can do can compute anything that any Turing machine can compute. But this tells us nothing about what a machine that contains a Turing machine but is not itself a Turing machine can do. Robots (and humans) exhibit emergent properties from their interaction with the world, and that interaction is simply not part of Turing's model.
Glancing at the partial list of topics presented suggests this work won't be too hard to improve on:
Topic | Characteristic words
4 | categori of birth death stub date name persondata place metadata
20 | univers of the faculti colleg at and edu professor alumni
31 | painter paint of art artist the and in work museum
35 | he in his was and the to of categori at
77 | he the his in to was of and on at
97 | chines china hong kong zh taiwan zhang shanghai wang beij
100 | the book writer novel fiction of and stori isbn novelist
149 | of the and in historian univers languag histori studi translat
160 | she her in the and was to of as with
168 | the to that in and of ref was had by
Table 1: Examples of topics derived from text of Wikipedia articles
I don't think I could honestly trust in the abilities of any programmer who hasn't had a serious discrete math class
On the other hand, I've known programmers who are great at graph theory but can't debug their way out of a paper bag.
And I've worked with a great programmer who had an excellent pure math background (ABD from PhD a program with heavy discrete math component) and someone comparably good with a high school diploma who was entirely self-taught. I wouldn't necessarily set them to solve the same class of problems, but their core skill-sets overlapped quite a lot, as did their attitude toward correctness, good design, etc.
Programming is still an area where a good autodidact can excel, and many academic courses are less than impressive. It's a subject we are still learning how to teach, and so far I've not seen anything to make me believe any particular academic background is either necessary or sufficient to inculcate the desired skills.
If we make a perfectly simulated animal brain and it works just like the real thing does that mean we've made an animal?
Does it taste good? If not, you haven't made a real animal.
There is nothing deep or even particularly interesting about these questions, and just how stupid their breathless idiocy is can be seen by asking, "Does the newly created entity lack almost every interesting property of the entity some philosophy-addled idiot thinks we should 'wonder' if it is absolutely identical to in every respect?" The answer is always, trivially, "No."
So only an extremely stupid person or a shill trying to market something (fake wisdom?) would ask such an idiotic question.
There are more reasonable questions that people who are neither idiots nor philosophers (but I repeat myself) are reasonably well-equipped to answer. Like this: lacking anything remotely resembling neurochemistry, is it appropriate for us to impute to this model any of the effects of neurochemistry that may or may not be lumped into the neuron behaviour? Since we're pretty sure neurochemistry is independent of network architecture, it would be incredibly stupid to identify the entirety of the robot's responses with the neuronal architecture, rather than the neurochemical environment they behave in?
For example, if you starve a worm its behaviour changes because its neurochemistry changes. Hormone levels, cortisol levels (or their worm equivalents) change, and that changes behaviour, in some cases quite dramatically. So what happens to the robot when you starve it? And if you can't starve it, why do you think it is in any way identical to a worm, rather than just an interesting simulation of part of it?
And of course, simply because we can imagine a more complete model of a worm doesn't mean we can build one that is sufficiently similar to a worm in all respects to make any of these questions interesting. It would have to eat and excrete and so on. It would have to have environmental sensitivities. And imagining those things aren't important is stupid: what we imagine is not relevant to what is real. There is no basis for saying a mechanical worm is a "real" worm (what would an "unreal" worm be?) It is a "real" mechanical worm. You still can't eat it, so it isn't a worm. Saying certain properties "don't count" is pure magical thinking, unworthy of scientists.
Why is it that all the high mortality rate jobs have such shitty wages?
Because they are all done by men, whose lives are not valued by our society.
proper Stirling engines or steam turbines are not popular in space for some reason.
Stirling engines are used in space, but only when there is a compelling reason to do so. The basic argument against them is two words: moving parts.
Mechanical wear is a huge problem, and thermal management is not a small one. Depending on the spacecraft a sustainable thermal regime may have to be maintained across very different environmental conditions (full sunlight, deep shadow) and very different operational phases. Just getting lubrication to work properly under such circumstances, over a decade in the case of Rosetta/Philae, is non-trivial.
Simpler is better in space, so batteries and solar panels are always going to win over RTGs, and RTGs with thermoelectric conversion are always going to win over RTGs with Stirling engines unless there is a compelling need for the greater output power density each step up in complexity gets you.
Steam turbines are just a non-starter. Water is a dreadful substance to deal with. Highly reactive, prone to freezing, capable of going wrong in ways we can barely imagine, but would certainly discover if anyone was foolish enough to put a steam turbine on a spacecraft. It might be made to work one day, and there are probably some really clever things we are missing, but the cost of each mission is so high that extreme conservatism rules the day, and rightly so.
I'm not convinced that *all* human skills can be categorized in a tree structure. Shouldn't this be some sort of graph?
More likely multiple graphs, since "skills" are abstract categories, and abstract categories are made things that ever knowing subject creates for themselves, with only approximate overlap between them. So what I mean by "interpreted language" and what you mean by "interpreted language" are going to overlap substantially, but we will draw the edges of our attention differently. Some borderline cases you will call "interpreted" and I won't, and vice versa.
For example: are just-in-time compiled languages interpreted or not? There are perfectly legitimate ways of drawing the edges of our attention that include them and others--equally legitimate--that exclude them.
The problem with all such attempts as this is they naively and wrongly assume that the world, which is necessarily some particular way, must also be divided into uniquely determined, rather than usefully constrained, abstract categories by knowing subjects. This is simply not the case, and we have endless examples demonstrating it.
Classical and Newtonian mechanics, although mathematically equivalent, use different and incompatible abstract schemes (one says the principle of least action causes motion, the other Newton's laws.) And so on. 99% of the time we are dealing with interior cases where such distinctions don't matter, but then we hit some weird edge case (quantum mechanics in the case of classical vs Newtonian physics) where one of them suddenly looks completely different from the other, and naive people say, "OK then, the world is really this way" (where "this way" means, "is organized uniquely according to this abstract scheme"). But it isn't: abstractions are ways we describe the world to ourselves as knowing subjects. They are objective in the sense that they arise out of the causal relationships that knowing subjects have with the rest of reality, but to be an object requires a subject (and to be a subject requires an object: there is no view of no-where.) Different subjects will divide up the same objective reality in slightly different ways.
So 2 tonnes of water has the same amount of radiation as 1 banana.
Yup, but innumerate idiots are only going to hear "radiation" and "Fukushima" and claim that the entire west coast is going to be dead. This is an actual claim an actual person made to me just a few weeks ago.
The same person claimed to be deeply concerned about climate change.
Only via complete and utter innumeracy is it possible to be deeply concerned about climate change (not an unreasonable position) and opposed to nuclear power, since nuclear power is the only proven-to-work, proven safe (in precisely the same sense that airliners, which crash sometimes, are "proven safe") alternative to base-load coal.
The latter still requires the unique programming skills.
But they are different skills, and more powerful tools necessarily imply that what used to be highly skilled jobs are now not so skilled.
Automation isn't making programers dumber, it's allowing dumber people to be programmers, or dumber programmers to do harder things. It's been this way forever. 99% of programers working today couldn't have toggled firmware into a 6502 and made it run. Fortunately, they don't have to.
I'm old enough to have known programmers who still were kind of suspicious of these new-fangled "compilers", and I've actually programmed on punch cards, and collected data on a machine that booted from paper tape (there were no working tape punches left, so the lifetime of the machine was dependent on taking really good care of the few remaining tapes...)
All of that has gone away, and the skills programmers needed in those days have gone with it. That's a good thing, although it kind of sucks for people who put in thousands of hours honing skills that are now irrelevant.
Therefore yes: we're "less capable" because we can't keep up with their fads...
Part of expertise is knowing when to ignore fads. This may require faking it well enough to get along for a while.
Cool-hunting has been around forever and is done by all kinds of people, not just hipsters. Were hipsters in at the start with glam rock? Disco? New Country?
Yet all those things were "cool" (for a certain value of "cool") once upon a time.
So hipsters are at best a subset of cool-hunters, and not a very interesting set, because they differ from other cool-hunters in their stupidity, insularity and arrogance. Many cool-hunters want to find the cool and share it with others. Hipsters want to find the cool and keep it to themselves, to the point of denying that anything that has become popular is cool any more.
Furthermore, you don't understand futures trading, even a little bit. Futures trading is about hedging, not discovery. They literally have nothing to do with each other. Futures markets are not predictive, they simply represent the mean of trader's expectations. They are an essentially homogenizing force. So if you think hipsters are like futures traders you are saying they are trying to make everyone the same bland and boring type.
Another clue that hipsters have nothing interesting to say is their proclivity for using unconventional typography--such as eschewing capitalization--to draw attention away from the vacuity and falsehood of so much of what they say.
Hipsterism is the practice of misdirection. Hipsters are lame people who have learned that attention is the scarcest human resource, so they can hide behind a few attention-grabbing quirks. It saves them from having to do anything actually interesting, useful or productive.
It's kind of sad, really, but the hate they get is well-deserved, because they are socially useless people who are deliberating soaking up our precious, limited attention on completely pointless self-aggrandizement.