This reminds me of the way the Soviets copied the B-29 in WWII and immediately after. A documentary was just on the History Channel about this. During the war the Soviets seized some damaged B-29's that landed in Vladivostok (the Soviets were officially neutral in the Pacific war and didn't want to piss off Japan and have a two front war on their hands, so they kept this sort of relationship at arms length and the Allies understood.) Stalin ordered that the bombers be exactly copied. They were--exactly, down to damage patches on one of the bombers that was disassembled. The result was that the Soviet aircraft industry was catapulted from being far behind the West to being on roughly even terms
Now China wants an exact copy of Win98. One can't help but think that they have some of the Windows source or API that they're working off of. Probably wouldn't be hard for a halfway decent intelligence service to obtain it, given the number of very skilled Chinese nationals working in the industry. Will these efforts catapult the Chinese software industy to being on par with the West? Is an effort to duplicate Win98 really the way to go about this?
It seems that totalitarian states are much better at copying stuff than innovating. I guess it's less risky to make an exact copy of something you know that works than innovating to make something better and risking failure (and the possible dire consequences that entails.)
Just thought this perspective might be interesting, giving what I've been watching on TV tonight
The point is that it confirms (or disproves) our theoretical models of sub-atomic physics. These models are very useful and help us understand the world around us. However, their validity can be somewhat hard to demonstrate and these experiments help do that.
The work that is being done here is important. It's a shame that someone wasn't really doing the work and reporting bogus results to advance their career.
The lemon (or any citrus fruit--I've had oranges or grapefruits too--it's purely what you like) is the proper thing to do with a wheat beer like Grasshopper. If you order any wheat beer in Europe you'll also get some piece of fruit (any Hefe-Weissen or a Belgian White like Hoegarden.) I think it is intended to emphasize the citrus flavours of the hops. As I recall, Grasshopper wasn't too citrusy, so the lemon might not be appropriate. But it's purely personal taste. I once had a a German friend who was scandalized that he couldn't get a good wheat beer in Saskatoon, and then when Grasshopper came out, he was even more shocked that they didn't serve it with lemon. If I were you, I'd be glad that the bar I'm going to knows beer enough to give you lemon with a wheat beer. Down here in North Carolina I've had to ask many times for them to give me a lemon, and only just found a place that knows about beer enough to bother. It's a cool place called The Flying Saucer. It's a very cool place to drink a beer. I've enjoyed Keith's many times, one of the best nationally available beers in Canada, and one of the only somewhat bitter beers. But, it's not a great IPA. I like Fuller's IPA, especially if you can find a place that hand pumps it from the keg (not CO2.) I've had a few of the Granville Island brews too, and I recall them being good, but I haven't had a chance to taste them since 1997, so I can't really remember specifics. Actually I'm not surprised that you don't care for Trad since it's generally a pretty malty beer, and you seem to prefer bitter beers. This probably also explains why you care for wheats as well, since the citrus flavours are important in these (as they are in most IPA's.) I would recommend you try Fuller's ESB if you ever have a chance. It's an excellent bitter and the citrus quality of the hops is more subtle. If you couldn't tell, I love beer. I'm still learning but I love drinking them...
I've been living in North Carolina for the past 2 years and I really miss Traditional (and Big Rock in general...Warthog, Grasshopper and the rest...) Very good beer for a very good price. They get some okay imports and microbrews down here, but they don't get Big Rock and they don't get Kilkenny (another of my favourites.)
If I'm not mistaken, the screws are under the plastic bearings that the mouse rides around on. These are just held on by a little bit of adhesive, and can be pulled off carefully and reapplied without too much trouble.
Slightly offtopic, but some research I've heard about is on the packing of the different color sensitive cone cells. A synopsis of it is
here.
Basically, they've imaged the cells (using adaptive optics, which is cool) and determined which corresponds to which color. What they've found is that the packing and relative number of cone cells vary greatly from human to human (and primate to primate) but this variation doesn't seem to greatly effect their color perception. It's very interesting work.
The writer may have been scaling things to give an "effective cost" to the average person there, given the much lower wages typically earned there. Not sure if this is true, just advancing it as a possibility.
But you can make several stamps from a single master (the process for making the stamps doesn't usually damage the master) and from each of those stamps make many replicas of the original surface relief. This is because you're usually stamping into a liquid medium (usually wet photoresist or reflown photoresist) and there isn't a huge amount of wear on the stamp. So, you really don't have to go back to the e-beam writer too often to make a new master.
This is of course said with the caveat that this is a pretty new technique and there isn't a lot of data on long term lifetime of the stamps.
Yes, this is true. However a new fab will typically have tens of exposure tools, with capital costs ranging from ~$5 million to ~$30 million or more for the tools used on critical layers. If one needed to have several extreme UV tools, the costs suddenly start to get a little out of control. Especially if you can do the same thing with a block of rubber...It's no coincidence that the lithography literature and conferences have been filled with stuff on nanoimprint lately.
Doing traces would not be a problem. I've done straight line diffraction gratings using this technique that had lines that were submicron in width and were ~3 inches long that looked great.
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This reminds me of the way the Soviets copied the B-29 in WWII and immediately after. A documentary was just on the History Channel about this. During the war the Soviets seized some damaged B-29's that landed in Vladivostok (the Soviets were officially neutral in the Pacific war and didn't want to piss off Japan and have a two front war on their hands, so they kept this sort of relationship at arms length and the Allies understood.) Stalin ordered that the bombers be exactly copied. They were--exactly, down to damage patches on one of the bombers that was disassembled. The result was that the Soviet aircraft industry was catapulted from being far behind the West to being on roughly even terms
Now China wants an exact copy of Win98. One can't help but think that they have some of the Windows source or API that they're working off of. Probably wouldn't be hard for a halfway decent intelligence service to obtain it, given the number of very skilled Chinese nationals working in the industry. Will these efforts catapult the Chinese software industy to being on par with the West? Is an effort to duplicate Win98 really the way to go about this?
It seems that totalitarian states are much better at copying stuff than innovating. I guess it's less risky to make an exact copy of something you know that works than innovating to make something better and risking failure (and the possible dire consequences that entails.)
Just thought this perspective might be interesting, giving what I've been watching on TV tonight
I haven't seen it mentioned here, but I believe that GE has a major R&D center in the Albany area. GE still has one of the better corporate R&D arms.
The point is that it confirms (or disproves) our theoretical models of sub-atomic physics. These models are very useful and help us understand the world around us. However, their validity can be somewhat hard to demonstrate and these experiments help do that.
The work that is being done here is important. It's a shame that someone wasn't really doing the work and reporting bogus results to advance their career.
The lemon (or any citrus fruit--I've had oranges or grapefruits too--it's purely what you like) is the proper thing to do with a wheat beer like Grasshopper. If you order any wheat beer in Europe you'll also get some piece of fruit (any Hefe-Weissen or a Belgian White like Hoegarden.) I think it is intended to emphasize the citrus flavours of the hops. As I recall, Grasshopper wasn't too citrusy, so the lemon might not be appropriate. But it's purely personal taste. I once had a a German friend who was scandalized that he couldn't get a good wheat beer in Saskatoon, and then when Grasshopper came out, he was even more shocked that they didn't serve it with lemon. If I were you, I'd be glad that the bar I'm going to knows beer enough to give you lemon with a wheat beer. Down here in North Carolina I've had to ask many times for them to give me a lemon, and only just found a place that knows about beer enough to bother. It's a cool place called The Flying Saucer. It's a very cool place to drink a beer.
I've enjoyed Keith's many times, one of the best nationally available beers in Canada, and one of the only somewhat bitter beers. But, it's not a great IPA. I like Fuller's IPA, especially if you can find a place that hand pumps it from the keg (not CO2.) I've had a few of the Granville Island brews too, and I recall them being good, but I haven't had a chance to taste them since 1997, so I can't really remember specifics.
Actually I'm not surprised that you don't care for Trad since it's generally a pretty malty beer, and you seem to prefer bitter beers. This probably also explains why you care for wheats as well, since the citrus flavours are important in these (as they are in most IPA's.) I would recommend you try Fuller's ESB if you ever have a chance. It's an excellent bitter and the citrus quality of the hops is more subtle.
If you couldn't tell, I love beer. I'm still learning but I love drinking them...
I've been living in North Carolina for the past 2 years and I really miss Traditional (and Big Rock in general...Warthog, Grasshopper and the rest...) Very good beer for a very good price. They get some okay imports and microbrews down here, but they don't get Big Rock and they don't get Kilkenny (another of my favourites.)
If I'm not mistaken, the screws are under the plastic bearings that the mouse rides around on. These are just held on by a little bit of adhesive, and can be pulled off carefully and reapplied without too much trouble.
Slightly offtopic, but some research I've heard about is on the packing of the different color sensitive cone cells. A synopsis of it is here. Basically, they've imaged the cells (using adaptive optics, which is cool) and determined which corresponds to which color. What they've found is that the packing and relative number of cone cells vary greatly from human to human (and primate to primate) but this variation doesn't seem to greatly effect their color perception. It's very interesting work.
The writer may have been scaling things to give an "effective cost" to the average person there, given the much lower wages typically earned there. Not sure if this is true, just advancing it as a possibility.
But you can make several stamps from a single master (the process for making the stamps doesn't usually damage the master) and from each of those stamps make many replicas of the original surface relief. This is because you're usually stamping into a liquid medium (usually wet photoresist or reflown photoresist) and there isn't a huge amount of wear on the stamp. So, you really don't have to go back to the e-beam writer too often to make a new master. This is of course said with the caveat that this is a pretty new technique and there isn't a lot of data on long term lifetime of the stamps.
Yes, this is true. However a new fab will typically have tens of exposure tools, with capital costs ranging from ~$5 million to ~$30 million or more for the tools used on critical layers. If one needed to have several extreme UV tools, the costs suddenly start to get a little out of control. Especially if you can do the same thing with a block of rubber...It's no coincidence that the lithography literature and conferences have been filled with stuff on nanoimprint lately.
Doing traces would not be a problem. I've done straight line diffraction gratings using this technique that had lines that were submicron in width and were ~3 inches long that looked great.