Oh forgot to add that you mentioned each download devalues the IP, while research shows complete controverse: Every download infact increases the value of the IP.
IP is only worth as much as how many recognizes and appreciates the said IP.
Just like ideas (which are IP in itself) are dime in a dozen, and they are worthless.... Unless someone recognizes and appreciates the said idea.
If i decide that neon green edible mushrooms would be ultra cool, and tell everyone about it that i made neon green mushroom, but no one agrees or dares to eat them thus not getting even a taster mushroom the IP of creating the said mushrooms is worthless. If i provide everyone a free sample, there's at least chance that some people like them, and very likely someone will like them, and buy some, all of sudden creating value for the IP of creation of said mushrooms. Since it was a material product, until someone buys into the mushrooms the value of the IP was negative infact.
If someone "pirates" the formulae for the mushrooms and creates their own (say neon red mushrooms), my IP just got way more valuable as someone else is so intrested in it that they created their own version. Imitation is the highest form of flattery.
Just that enforcing people to behave differently doesn't really work, if the people do not like that. It ends bad. Just look at all the slavers in history and tyranny.
It just means the business models need to be changed, and not stuck in 70s era style monopolistic dominance. It's question of demand and supply, nothing else.
The supply has become infinite for IP as it is, and many IP owners actually BENEFIT from that. The question is that how they can change their business models so that people will pay, what added value they can offer to the "base version everyone gets free", to make people pay.
Quite often the added value is supporting the IP owner & IP owners distribution chain/partners, hence donations & people still buy too. In case of music, there could be songs never to be recorded, aired etc. only live performance song.
In case of software & games it could be online features, working only on the computers of software provider (essentially changing to service provider). Say a backup software which backups to central servers: You cannot pirate those central servers, therefore you HAVE to pay. In case of a game: No online features (multiplayer) unless you have bought the game. Ie. no access to "game matchmaking servers" to finding & connecting to game servers.
All of sudden IP becomes service, and the service portion CANNOT be pirated (atleast not trivially), and every IP owner gains massive benefits by base product being free for everyone, in essence getting more business.
Just look at Nine Inch Nails, Monty Python, Star Wreck etc etc. Everyone of them gained more paying customers by distributing freely.
Yes, and this teen being jailed for not witnessing against himself essentially confirms UK is very Orwellian Big Brother state nowadays. Next up is getting rid of the nasty thing called defense in court, and making some organization the police, judge and executioner.
Switches such as your local ADSL "router". They can be called switches or routers, whatever.
Switches do already NAT (atleast ProCurves i've checked lately, as did Ciscos), what's so much different?
or VLAN as well afaik does change content physically getting sent over the wire...
Nothing new there
If the programming bit is hard for switches: They should consider upgrading their programming methodology and make a full stop for a moment to think what they are doing, is it the simplest way they can do it...
(I've coded some quite damn complex systems myself, so i'm familiar with the programming bit)
Yeah, they must like doing things "let's build it bigger & fatter":D
Some famous genius in history said (Einstein, Newton?) something along the lines that "anyone can build things bigger and more complex, but it takes a true genius to make things smaller and more efficient"
I deal almost solely on "higher level" as well, not with the lowest of detail.
Yes, the NATe would give 2 way support, and infact get the hardest to upgrade points, home users, on it as the first thing.
Servers etc. are easier upgrade as they are 98% of the time maintained by professionals, and it's not exactly that hard thing to do:
- Server kernels updated - Switch firmware updated - Last switch: Enable subnet extension - Update server DNS entries and IPs.
The overhead of extension is minimal at worst, and in fact it would build the routing tables on the switch doing the extension, distributing routing load across more switches and further down the pipe.
Of course, best method is to actually change BGP routing and support from starting edge switches, and other switches can remain "dumb" in this regard.
Worst case scenario is: 2k/s via torrent, and full bw worth from local mirror:)
Best case scenario is: torrents about match what local mirror gives.
Torrents have a lot of overhead, so it cannot be faster. HTTP & FTP are the most simplest forms of getting data over network -> Nothing really can beat them.
Of course this changes totally when the provider of the data to be downloaded has accounted for bittorrent -> they don't have much BW to begin with. In that case torrent will be better. Basicly when demand is larger than the supply, torrent is excellent.
But generally "public torrents", even those Blizzard offers are damn slow, because people can't upload really much more than 10k/s in practice, or won't upload.
Your submission wasn't scaring enough. From your submission, it seems that it's not that big of a deal and rather easy solution. This submission makes it sound like linux kernel needs a complete rewrite ground-up, as in starting from scratch. Plus yours was a bit long and lots of details.
I wanted to reply to my own post to clarify the "NAT" in this.
In this scenario the NAT is something different, it should be called NATe or NATng.
This would have 0 of the downsides of NAT which is in today's use.
No "impenetrable firewall" effect, ie. systems behind the NAT would still be connectable outside the "NAT Area".
The NATe would simply make support for legacy systems, translating between extended IP address and non-extended IP address. The legacy system would believe it's on a normal IPv4 network, and the switch provides the address translation between extended IPs and non-extended IPs for these systems.
and the NATe would be completely automatically on the switchside depending upon how the systems response it's known if it is an modern or legacy system.
Machines behind the NATe would not be constricted to a local area network for inbound connections, all systems would work just like now, as the systems are still addressible 100% by the switch, it knows what translations to do for routing in both directions, without port forwarders or another annoyances.
As for the routing itself:
It would stay almost exactly the same, modern routers would merely check up if the address is extended, on separate portion of the packet, or extended Layer3, which ever is simplest to extend to allow this extended addressing. One could even argue that Layer3.5 is being added (layer between layers 3 and 4)
The midpoints can be legacy systems, they will simply route towards the normal IPv4 address, which is 99% likely the correct route direction in any case.
Modern switches can make the distinction and look up routing data for the extended address (we can call it IPv4 extended/IPv4e), which is 99% likely the same as route as for IPv4 address.
This means every party is able to upgrade when it is the *right time for them*, at their convenience. Of course, IPv4 addresses needs to be started to be reclaimed starting from the largest holders to force movement forwards.
Deployment would also be trivially easy as most things would stay pretty much exactly the same.
Infact, give us a switch which can do this today, and rollout can start immediately with no regards to backwards compatibility whatsoever: It's backwards compatible by nature for every party involved.
Normal IPv4 is 4 sections, for IPv6 we could have added 2 sections, making IPs such as: 150.150.150.150.150.150
Simple to understand, minimal hardware & software changes. Of course, some new features will be lacking but in any case...
Putting the remaining 2 sections on separate portion of the packet, keeping the first 4 sections normal, would allow legacy hardware to route these, yet trivial to make new hardware to understand.
We could have even gone for extensible protocol, address minimum if 4 sections, but at will the endpoint can allow for extension of N length. Thus we'd need only a *single* IPv4 address per ISP for example, and they are free to give out as many as they want from that.
All the midpoints would route these trivially, and the endpoint is the only one needing to translate the last sections, making no tunneling necessary as you could visualize tunnels created automaticly, without any problems. This would have made minimal to no impact whatsoever for backbone networks at this moment, all it would have needed are:
- Some new edge routers for those who wish to extend
- Software update to operating systems of trivial level
- Instead of Class Cs given for new applicants, you give just a Class D (what is now single IP address)
The transition would have been smooth and easy, and if started when IPv6 came around, it would be supported by now widely by all operating systems, switches etc. only a marginal group of legacy systems do not understand.
Legacy system support:
- They are made to believe they have IPv4 address "Class D"
- Something like NAT is used to translate this based upon MAC address of the NIC.
- No downsides of NAT
- All benefits of NAT
- Basicly the same method "extensions" are being done, this time just in reverse.
- Lightweight
- Downside: Still needs packet manipulation at the switch (edge switch in case of ISPs)
This would have been *über* easy to accomplish, and can be easy to accomplish EVEN TODAY.
New software for some DSLAMS or Edge switches: Do reverse extension address translation. Done deal, no OS updates required for typical home user. Of course, that is very limited support.
OSs need to be updated for full feature set, such as extensible addresses used in typical lower level network tools (ping, traceroute as an example, which typical users DO NOT use). On Phase 1 it would act 100% just like NAT. No support for servers as of yet tho.
Getting servers of extended IP address to work for OSs not supporting extended IPs is the tricky portion, but as of today is not required (enough IPs to go around for servers at the moment), and could follow up in several years. Those left behind, are left behind, nothing around that.
There are multiple solution routes for that aswell if legacy system are needed to make connection to extensible IP addresses, translations done on the switch. All of these needs to be researched what their impact is.
One solution is to dynamically map reserved areas of IPv4 space, or 1 class A set aside for this. The switch assings for extended IP address an regular IPv4 address from this space, allocated for this MAC address at request time. We manipulate DNS results according to this data from regular response.
- System requests dns for slashdot.org - Switch detects this and waits for response - Response is arriving, switch looks into the results: (changed to extended) slashdot.org. 3583 IN A 216.34.181.45.100.100
Changes response IP to: 224.216.100.100
- connects to 224.216.100.100 (224.x.x.x is reserved/unusable space)
- switch translates that to 216.34.181.45.100.100 and does NAT for the connection
How this is *NOT* done for modern system: Modern systems in the initial request (origin IP) had the extended IP. NAT disabled for this system.
Acquiring IPs:
I'm not familiar with DHCP protocol enough to envision a proper scenario, but my guess is we can extend the protocol trivially.
Please proof me wrong this wouldn't work so i can rest easy.
i would assume the heat differential between hot and cold sides are causing environmental fluctuations. When the planet originally formed the minerals are not evenly distributed neither, making different acting areas on the planet depending upon the temperature.
Also the planet has had rotation on it's earlier days, when life has been more than likely. Question is: Did it adapt?
at 3G you weight 3 times as much, at.5G you weight half of your weight, as measured using traditional methods of measurements on this planet.
Both would have vast negative effects.
At.5G overtime your muscles will "decay" as so much less effort is needed for anything you do usually. Children born there will also likely become taller, weaker boned and weaker joints. At 3G you weight so much that you can barely move yourself. Overtime your muscles will become very strong, but what happens if you fall just 0.5M? or 1M? You weight so much more you are likely to injure yourself rather easily from falls, even when just tripping on your feet. As with low G, children will probably grow different too: shorter, more muscular, maybe stronger bones.
About children i'm purely basing on assumptions that environment can have significant effect on how you grow to become, which is likely. Albeit no proof of that exists.
Even at most optimal scenario: 0.5G, bright side around 25celsius, it's unlikely to be "comfy" planet due to locked tidal and problems caused by that. Even if environment otherwise is 100% same, but there's no day & night, half the planet is unusable and cold.
I've probably bought hundreds of items via eBay from Asia. So far only 2 items has been counterfeit, but even that was made on a real item. In question was a zippo lighter with branding you could say, and it turned out to be a poor fake. The Zippo itself tho wasn't counterfeit, or if it was, pretty much perfect copy.
Second was emblems for car, when they arrived it was clear they were fakes, but they didn't even try to hide it that they are fakes.
All other items were as expected. Sometimes they were "copies", ie. 3rd party manufactured parts under their own brand & marketing, meant to replace an original. So not counterfeit, just different after market brand.
But i've seen plenty of times clear counterfeits trying to be sold, but ironically more often they seem to originate from the US than Asia! Such as "high performance clutches", which were actually repainted OEM clutch:D
Slashdot Mirror
Oh forgot to add that you mentioned each download devalues the IP, while research shows complete controverse: Every download infact increases the value of the IP.
IP is only worth as much as how many recognizes and appreciates the said IP.
Just like ideas (which are IP in itself) are dime in a dozen, and they are worthless.... Unless someone recognizes and appreciates the said idea.
If i decide that neon green edible mushrooms would be ultra cool, and tell everyone about it that i made neon green mushroom, but no one agrees or dares to eat them thus not getting even a taster mushroom the IP of creating the said mushrooms is worthless. If i provide everyone a free sample, there's at least chance that some people like them, and very likely someone will like them, and buy some, all of sudden creating value for the IP of creation of said mushrooms. Since it was a material product, until someone buys into the mushrooms the value of the IP was negative infact.
If someone "pirates" the formulae for the mushrooms and creates their own (say neon red mushrooms), my IP just got way more valuable as someone else is so intrested in it that they created their own version. Imitation is the highest form of flattery.
Just that enforcing people to behave differently doesn't really work, if the people do not like that. It ends bad. Just look at all the slavers in history and tyranny.
It just means the business models need to be changed, and not stuck in 70s era style monopolistic dominance. It's question of demand and supply, nothing else.
The supply has become infinite for IP as it is, and many IP owners actually BENEFIT from that. The question is that how they can change their business models so that people will pay, what added value they can offer to the "base version everyone gets free", to make people pay.
Quite often the added value is supporting the IP owner & IP owners distribution chain/partners, hence donations & people still buy too. In case of music, there could be songs never to be recorded, aired etc. only live performance song.
In case of software & games it could be online features, working only on the computers of software provider (essentially changing to service provider). Say a backup software which backups to central servers: You cannot pirate those central servers, therefore you HAVE to pay. In case of a game: No online features (multiplayer) unless you have bought the game. Ie. no access to "game matchmaking servers" to finding & connecting to game servers.
All of sudden IP becomes service, and the service portion CANNOT be pirated (atleast not trivially), and every IP owner gains massive benefits by base product being free for everyone, in essence getting more business.
Just look at Nine Inch Nails, Monty Python, Star Wreck etc etc. Everyone of them gained more paying customers by distributing freely.
Did you read EVEN the summary? Apparently not, as the law clearly states that the users cannot be sued if the ISP does not alert the users.
There's a little bit of wiggle room in our law, in the sense that if you did do X, but you did it for reason Y, they still might find you innocent.
There are some laws which provide this room of interpretation in Finland :)
said that Apple ain't evil?
yeah.....
Yes, and this teen being jailed for not witnessing against himself essentially confirms UK is very Orwellian Big Brother state nowadays. Next up is getting rid of the nasty thing called defense in court, and making some organization the police, judge and executioner.
Damn am i glad i don't live in UK :)
Illustrative purposes, did not check for what it is being used.
exactly and so correct :)
IPv6 might be on paper good (someone forgot tho some practicalities), but on practice ... Not so supported
Switches such as your local ADSL "router". They can be called switches or routers, whatever.
Switches do already NAT (atleast ProCurves i've checked lately, as did Ciscos), what's so much different?
or VLAN as well afaik does change content physically getting sent over the wire ...
Nothing new there
If the programming bit is hard for switches: They should consider upgrading their programming methodology and make a full stop for a moment to think what they are doing, is it the simplest way they can do it ...
(I've coded some quite damn complex systems myself, so i'm familiar with the programming bit)
Thank you for clarifying it on a bit more lower level :)
Yeah, they must like doing things "let's build it bigger & fatter" :D
Some famous genius in history said (Einstein, Newton?) something along the lines that "anyone can build things bigger and more complex, but it takes a true genius to make things smaller and more efficient"
I deal almost solely on "higher level" as well, not with the lowest of detail.
Yes, the NATe would give 2 way support, and infact get the hardest to upgrade points, home users, on it as the first thing.
Servers etc. are easier upgrade as they are 98% of the time maintained by professionals, and it's not exactly that hard thing to do:
- Server kernels updated
- Switch firmware updated
- Last switch: Enable subnet extension
- Update server DNS entries and IPs.
The overhead of extension is minimal at worst, and in fact it would build the routing tables on the switch doing the extension, distributing routing load across more switches and further down the pipe.
Of course, best method is to actually change BGP routing and support from starting edge switches, and other switches can remain "dumb" in this regard.
You don't seem to know anything about bittorrent.
Worst case scenario is: 2k/s via torrent, and full bw worth from local mirror :)
Best case scenario is: torrents about match what local mirror gives.
Torrents have a lot of overhead, so it cannot be faster. HTTP & FTP are the most simplest forms of getting data over network -> Nothing really can beat them.
Of course this changes totally when the provider of the data to be downloaded has accounted for bittorrent -> they don't have much BW to begin with. In that case torrent will be better. Basicly when demand is larger than the supply, torrent is excellent.
But generally "public torrents", even those Blizzard offers are damn slow, because people can't upload really much more than 10k/s in practice, or won't upload.
nevermind quite an standard server, a dual xeon 6core HT... total reported CPUs is 24, and it's quite a lot used and nothing special.
Scare piece.
Your submission wasn't scaring enough. From your submission, it seems that it's not that big of a deal and rather easy solution. This submission makes it sound like linux kernel needs a complete rewrite ground-up, as in starting from scratch.
Plus yours was a bit long and lots of details.
Summary fscked up. 30 000RPM isn't exactly much at all.
Ie. almost all RC (radio controlled) model brushless motors can do 30k RPM, and some brushed motors can do that as well...
Nevermind so many other things which do spin reaaally fast ...
I wanted to reply to my own post to clarify the "NAT" in this.
In this scenario the NAT is something different, it should be called NATe or NATng.
This would have 0 of the downsides of NAT which is in today's use.
No "impenetrable firewall" effect, ie. systems behind the NAT would still be connectable outside the "NAT Area".
The NATe would simply make support for legacy systems, translating between extended IP address and non-extended IP address. The legacy system would believe it's on a normal IPv4 network, and the switch provides the address translation between extended IPs and non-extended IPs for these systems.
and the NATe would be completely automatically on the switchside depending upon how the systems response it's known if it is an modern or legacy system.
Machines behind the NATe would not be constricted to a local area network for inbound connections, all systems would work just like now, as the systems are still addressible 100% by the switch, it knows what translations to do for routing in both directions, without port forwarders or another annoyances.
As for the routing itself:
It would stay almost exactly the same, modern routers would merely check up if the address is extended, on separate portion of the packet, or extended Layer3, which ever is simplest to extend to allow this extended addressing. One could even argue that Layer3.5 is being added (layer between layers 3 and 4)
The midpoints can be legacy systems, they will simply route towards the normal IPv4 address, which is 99% likely the correct route direction in any case.
Modern switches can make the distinction and look up routing data for the extended address (we can call it IPv4 extended/IPv4e), which is 99% likely the same as route as for IPv4 address.
This means every party is able to upgrade when it is the *right time for them*, at their convenience.
Of course, IPv4 addresses needs to be started to be reclaimed starting from the largest holders to force movement forwards.
Deployment would also be trivially easy as most things would stay pretty much exactly the same.
Infact, give us a switch which can do this today, and rollout can start immediately with no regards to backwards compatibility whatsoever: It's backwards compatible by nature for every party involved.
is why didn't we just go for an extension?
Normal IPv4 is 4 sections, for IPv6 we could have added 2 sections, making IPs such as:
150.150.150.150.150.150
Simple to understand, minimal hardware & software changes. Of course, some new features will be lacking but in any case...
Putting the remaining 2 sections on separate portion of the packet, keeping the first 4 sections normal, would allow legacy hardware to route these, yet trivial to make new hardware to understand.
We could have even gone for extensible protocol, address minimum if 4 sections, but at will the endpoint can allow for extension of N length.
Thus we'd need only a *single* IPv4 address per ISP for example, and they are free to give out as many as they want from that.
All the midpoints would route these trivially, and the endpoint is the only one needing to translate the last sections, making no tunneling necessary as you could visualize tunnels created automaticly, without any problems.
This would have made minimal to no impact whatsoever for backbone networks at this moment, all it would have needed are:
- Some new edge routers for those who wish to extend
- Software update to operating systems of trivial level
- Instead of Class Cs given for new applicants, you give just a Class D (what is now single IP address)
The transition would have been smooth and easy, and if started when IPv6 came around, it would be supported by now widely by all operating systems, switches etc. only a marginal group of legacy systems do not understand.
Legacy system support:
- They are made to believe they have IPv4 address "Class D"
- Something like NAT is used to translate this based upon MAC address of the NIC.
- No downsides of NAT
- All benefits of NAT
- Basicly the same method "extensions" are being done, this time just in reverse.
- Lightweight
- Downside: Still needs packet manipulation at the switch (edge switch in case of ISPs)
This would have been *über* easy to accomplish, and can be easy to accomplish EVEN TODAY.
New software for some DSLAMS or Edge switches: Do reverse extension address translation. Done deal, no OS updates required for typical home user. Of course, that is very limited support.
OSs need to be updated for full feature set, such as extensible addresses used in typical lower level network tools (ping, traceroute as an example, which typical users DO NOT use).
On Phase 1 it would act 100% just like NAT. No support for servers as of yet tho.
Getting servers of extended IP address to work for OSs not supporting extended IPs is the tricky portion, but as of today is not required (enough IPs to go around for servers at the moment), and could follow up in several years. Those left behind, are left behind, nothing around that.
There are multiple solution routes for that aswell if legacy system are needed to make connection to extensible IP addresses, translations done on the switch. All of these needs to be researched what their impact is.
One solution is to dynamically map reserved areas of IPv4 space, or 1 class A set aside for this. The switch assings for extended IP address an regular IPv4 address from this space, allocated for this MAC address at request time. We manipulate DNS results according to this data from regular response.
- System requests dns for slashdot.org
- Switch detects this and waits for response
- Response is arriving, switch looks into the results: (changed to extended)
slashdot.org. 3583 IN A 216.34.181.45.100.100
Changes response IP to:
224.216.100.100
- connects to 224.216.100.100 (224.x.x.x is reserved/unusable space)
- switch translates that to 216.34.181.45.100.100 and does NAT for the connection
How this is *NOT* done for modern system: Modern systems in the initial request (origin IP) had the extended IP. NAT disabled for this system.
Acquiring IPs:
I'm not familiar with DHCP protocol enough to envision a proper scenario, but my guess is we can extend the protocol trivially.
Please proof me wrong this wouldn't work so i can rest easy.
Solar sail....
i would assume the heat differential between hot and cold sides are causing environmental fluctuations.
When the planet originally formed the minerals are not evenly distributed neither, making different acting areas on the planet depending upon the temperature.
Also the planet has had rotation on it's earlier days, when life has been more than likely. Question is: Did it adapt?
and say either is damn much different.
at 3G you weight 3 times as much, at .5G you weight half of your weight, as measured using traditional methods of measurements on this planet.
Both would have vast negative effects.
At .5G overtime your muscles will "decay" as so much less effort is needed for anything you do usually. Children born there will also likely become taller, weaker boned and weaker joints.
At 3G you weight so much that you can barely move yourself. Overtime your muscles will become very strong, but what happens if you fall just 0.5M? or 1M? You weight so much more you are likely to injure yourself rather easily from falls, even when just tripping on your feet. As with low G, children will probably grow different too: shorter, more muscular, maybe stronger bones.
About children i'm purely basing on assumptions that environment can have significant effect on how you grow to become, which is likely. Albeit no proof of that exists.
Even at most optimal scenario:
0.5G, bright side around 25celsius, it's unlikely to be "comfy" planet due to locked tidal and problems caused by that. Even if environment otherwise is 100% same, but there's no day & night, half the planet is unusable and cold.
24*1024/8=3072MB/s or 3GB/s
24Gbps does not magically get 800 faster just because it is SAS.
Do not confuse bits and bytes.
I'm sorry, but this whole discussion about vacation days makes me thing all of you lack self respect. What are you... Slaves? ...
Oh yes, i forgot we all are slaves of the money machine :)
I've probably bought hundreds of items via eBay from Asia. So far only 2 items has been counterfeit, but even that was made on a real item. In question was a zippo lighter with branding you could say, and it turned out to be a poor fake. The Zippo itself tho wasn't counterfeit, or if it was, pretty much perfect copy.
Second was emblems for car, when they arrived it was clear they were fakes, but they didn't even try to hide it that they are fakes.
All other items were as expected. Sometimes they were "copies", ie. 3rd party manufactured parts under their own brand & marketing, meant to replace an original. So not counterfeit, just different after market brand.
But i've seen plenty of times clear counterfeits trying to be sold, but ironically more often they seem to originate from the US than Asia! Such as "high performance clutches", which were actually repainted OEM clutch :D
NiMh technology SUCKS utterly.