A/C ripple would be 60Hz (or perhaps some harmonic.) A 10ms sample is _woefully_ too short to see it.
Also, of more interest in a switching power supply than A/C ripple would have been the ripple from the power supplies own oscillator... it is my understanding that switching powersupplies shift the frequency to something substantially higher (1-10k Hz region.)
Take a long (say 1 second) sample at a decent resolution (at least 120Hz for a A/C ripple, perhaps 100khz if you care for switching ripple) perform an fft, and look for the spikes at 60Hz and whatever the powersupply switches at.
What they were showing was meaningless noise... approximate amplitude was the only conclusion you could draw, but to say "look, A/C" ripple noise is just plain silly... especially as the A/C ripple would be so much larger than the 10ms sample duration.
You are refering to the Tsar Bomba, a selectable yeild 50 or 100 Megaton weapon built as a one-off technology demo that was fired at the lower setting. The claim of a 57-58 Megaton yeild was the result of a misestimation by the west and the subsequent and understandable reclutance of the Soviet scientists to say "Um, no, it was actually a bit weaker than that"
Lets not forget the 80188/80187 with the addition of the loadall/saveall register ops making it sufficently real mode compatable with the 286 that it would run Turbo Pascal 5.0 code compiled for the 286. And an honorable mention should go to NEC's Intel 8086 stomping V20/V30 that offered bit manipulation and Z80 emulation oeprations.
The SX was the 16 bit bus, the DX was the 32. As the x87 chip operated by snooping the x86's bus, the 387sx and 387dx were seperate creatures.
In fact, the 386sx bus was quite similar to the 286, so similar that a good number of 386sx "upgrade" chips installed into the 286 socket. It was not uncommon to find various unholy combinations such as 386sx with a 287, a 286 with a 387sx and various overclockable 3rd party implementations of the 287 with seperate crystals.
Ever hear the expression "The solution to pollution is dillution?" Many jurisdictions place limits on the concentrations of toxins in waste water with the intent of reducing the overall waste stream - a common response is to increase the amount of water consumed instead...
One concern is the effect on satelites that use interaction w/ the earths magnetic field to adjuster their orientation. A lack of a magnetic field will mean that fuel must be used for orientation instead, thus decreasing their life span.
I've had mine for two years of not so gentle driving in the NYC metro area and occational forays into mountainous areas and nasty unmaintained dirt roads with no problems (34,000 miles so far)
As for the full/mild, the differences are a bit more involved. There are "series" and "parallel" hybrids - the Prius can act as either and any shade of grey between a strict series and parallel. The Hondas are strictly "parallel" hybrids.
From the marketing literature the Escape seems to be a "parallel-series and any shade of grey" version like the Prius - but they are talking about a paltry 40/29mpg:-( (I sort of wish they wish Toyota would just stick a little motor on the rear wheels of the Prius for low speed 4wd)
The "mild" hybrids are those that some monster SUV makers have been taking about which are basically integrated alternator/starters (i.e. very small parallel hybrid) that could in theory help out a little with propulsion if it wern't for the fact that the huge hotel loads of some of the proposed enhancements (i.e. 110v outlets for hair dryers and the like) would consume most of their energy budgets.
BTW, like any other car, driving style affects milage. I average 54mpg, my wife would kill me if I told you she only averages about 49mpg.
A gallon of diesel is not the same as a gallon of gas - diesel fuel has substantially more energy per unit volume. The goal isn't to reduce the overall volume of fuel consumped, but to reduce the energy consumed, whatever the form might be it.
Your diesel Passat is slightly dirtier than a conventional car when it runs - the environmental concern addressed by the Prius is not just fuel economy, it is also air quality. The Prius does trade off fuel economy for better emissions
As for your Passat's best case milage - 70mpg isn't that impressive, it is about 60mpg gas. On long road trips I commonly exceed 65 mpg in my Prius.
What you neglect to consider is most of the fuel is not burned on vacation driving along highways in rural areas - it is burned commuting, driving in cities (most people live in cities) and other less than idea conditions -- Your German VW does not get 75mpg when stuck in traffic.
I will conceed that non-hybrid with the same 70hp engine as the Prius will get slightly better milage if driven exclusively on the highway due to the weight reduction of not having to lug around a battery.
A 80x24 text display required 4k. Each character used one byte to store the character and one byte to store the color; 4-3-1 for foreground, background and blinking.
If you had a CGA (standard on Jr, option elsewhere) instead of an MDA card you also got a whole whopping 16kb of video Ram for 4 switchable virtual screens, 640x200x1, 320x200x2 or 160x200x4 graphics. (BTW, Raise your hand if you remember writing code that made use of the "extra" 12k of video ram for general storage.)
So, yes, feel free to put a 16Mb video card into the PC.
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A/C ripple would be 60Hz (or perhaps some harmonic.) A 10ms sample is _woefully_ too short to see it.
... it is my understanding that switching powersupplies shift the frequency to something substantially higher (1-10k Hz region.)
... approximate amplitude was the only conclusion you could draw, but to say "look, A/C" ripple noise is just plain silly ... especially as the A/C ripple would be so much larger than the 10ms sample duration.
Also, of more interest in a switching power supply than A/C ripple would have been the ripple from the power supplies own oscillator
Take a long (say 1 second) sample at a decent resolution (at least 120Hz for a A/C ripple, perhaps 100khz if you care for switching ripple) perform an fft, and look for the spikes at 60Hz and whatever the powersupply switches at.
What they were showing was meaningless noise
Get a better trailer.
You are refering to the Tsar Bomba, a selectable yeild 50 or 100 Megaton weapon built as a one-off technology demo that was fired at the lower setting. The claim of a 57-58 Megaton yeild was the result of a misestimation by the west and the subsequent and understandable reclutance of the Soviet scientists to say "Um, no, it was actually a bit weaker than that"
Lets not forget the 80188/80187 with the addition of the loadall/saveall register ops making it sufficently real mode compatable with the 286 that it would run Turbo Pascal 5.0 code compiled for the 286. And an honorable mention should go to NEC's Intel 8086 stomping V20/V30 that offered bit manipulation and Z80 emulation oeprations.
The SX was the 16 bit bus, the DX was the 32. As the x87 chip operated by snooping the x86's bus, the 387sx and 387dx were seperate creatures.
In fact, the 386sx bus was quite similar to the 286, so similar that a good number of 386sx "upgrade" chips installed into the 286 socket. It was not uncommon to find various unholy combinations such as 386sx with a 287, a 286 with a 387sx and various overclockable 3rd party implementations of the 287 with seperate crystals.
Sounds like rproxy.
http://rproxy.sourceforge.net
Ever hear the expression "The solution to pollution is dillution?" Many jurisdictions place limits on the concentrations of toxins in waste water with the intent of reducing the overall waste stream - a common response is to increase the amount of water consumed instead ...
One concern is the effect on satelites that use interaction w/ the earths magnetic field to adjuster their orientation. A lack of a magnetic field will mean that fuel must be used for orientation instead, thus decreasing their life span.
Factoring primes? Um, by definition add a "1 x" and you are done.
Not true. Toyota's batteries are warrentied for 8 years / 100,000 miles.
I've had mine for two years of not so gentle driving in the NYC metro area and occational forays into mountainous areas and nasty unmaintained dirt roads with no problems (34,000 miles so far) As for the full/mild, the differences are a bit more involved. There are "series" and "parallel" hybrids - the Prius can act as either and any shade of grey between a strict series and parallel. The Hondas are strictly "parallel" hybrids. From the marketing literature the Escape seems to be a "parallel-series and any shade of grey" version like the Prius - but they are talking about a paltry 40/29mpg :-( (I sort of wish they wish Toyota would just stick a little motor on the rear wheels of the Prius for low speed 4wd)
The "mild" hybrids are those that some monster SUV makers have been taking about which are basically integrated alternator/starters (i.e. very small parallel hybrid) that could in theory help out a little with propulsion if it wern't for the fact that the huge hotel loads of some of the proposed enhancements (i.e. 110v outlets for hair dryers and the like) would consume most of their energy budgets.
BTW, like any other car, driving style affects milage. I average 54mpg, my wife would kill me if I told you she only averages about 49mpg.
A gallon of diesel is not the same as a gallon of gas - diesel fuel has substantially more energy per unit volume. The goal isn't to reduce the overall volume of fuel consumped, but to reduce the energy consumed, whatever the form might be it.
Your diesel Passat is slightly dirtier than a conventional car when it runs - the environmental concern addressed by the Prius is not just fuel economy, it is also air quality. The Prius does trade off fuel economy for better emissions
As for your Passat's best case milage - 70mpg isn't that impressive, it is about 60mpg gas. On long road trips I commonly exceed 65 mpg in my Prius.
What you neglect to consider is most of the fuel is not burned on vacation driving along highways in rural areas - it is burned commuting, driving in cities (most people live in cities) and other less than idea conditions -- Your German VW does not get 75mpg when stuck in traffic.
I will conceed that non-hybrid with the same 70hp engine as the Prius will get slightly better milage if driven exclusively on the highway due to the weight reduction of not having to lug around a battery.
A 80x24 text display required 4k. Each character used one byte to store the character and one byte to store the color; 4-3-1 for foreground, background and blinking.
If you had a CGA (standard on Jr, option elsewhere) instead of an MDA card you also got a whole whopping 16kb of video Ram for 4 switchable virtual screens, 640x200x1, 320x200x2 or 160x200x4 graphics. (BTW, Raise your hand if you remember writing code that made use of the "extra" 12k of video ram for general storage.)
So, yes, feel free to put a 16Mb video card into the PC.