Indeed, getting 1.9K in a lab, or in a single NMR magnet is not a big deal.
Try to do it with 1232 huge magnets, spread around 26.6 km, being some 100m underground,
and using 7600 km of super-conducting "cable" (270 000 km of superconducting "strand"). This is roughly 4700 tons of material to keep at 1.9K, and 120 tons of helium being recirculated all the time through these stuff to assure 150 kW of HEAT power is dissipated.
Noone ever has done a similar cryogenic installation at such scale before!
How about CERN?
I got my first internship ("summer student programme") in 1997 and it was just great!
Lots of fancy hardware, including the 7000-ton, 40-meter long and 20-meter high ATLAS detector, which sports the technologies to the limits,
the 27-kilometer long LHC accelerator, buried 100 m below the surface, which will be filled completely with super-liquid helium (at 1.9K),
and - last but not least - the place where GRID is being worked on.
Have a look: http://humanresources.web.cern.ch/HumanResources/e xternal/recruitment/students/students.asp
Last week we celebrated the 50th anniversary of CERN (European Laboratory for High Energy Physics). There was an "Open Day" organized (visits to tens of interesting places at CERN) and the Computing Center was one of the most popular places. I was honoured to be one of the guides there.
The LHC will produce proton-proton collisions 40 million times per second. Even after a first pre-selection of the events, there will be around 100 "potentially interesting" events per second that have to be recorded for further (so called "off-line") analysis. There will be 4 detectors running on LHC (ATLAS, CMS,LHCb and ALICE). The size of the data describing a typical "event" (collision) depends on the detector, but it is of order of Megabytes. Assuming 1MB/event/detector that gives
1MB*100events/s*4 detectors*86400s/day= 34560000 MBytes of data produced every day.
That is almost 35 Terabytes of data per day (24 hours).
We expect to have some 10 Petabytes of data per year. And we hope to run the LHC for some 20 years. Obviously, this amount of data cannot be stored/analysed locally; it will be therefore transmitted to scientific institutes worldwide.
You may have a look at the presentation: [PPT] PDF
The answer to computing power is the Grid: more information at http://gridcafe.org/
Just have a look at this screenshot:
http://cern.ch/Piotr.Golonka/FUN/MSslashdot.jpg
Information about Mozilla accompanied by
M$ dev studio adv..
Is it a joke ?!?
Slashdot Mirror
Indeed, getting 1.9K in a lab, or in a single NMR magnet is not a big deal. Try to do it with 1232 huge magnets, spread around 26.6 km, being some 100m underground, and using 7600 km of super-conducting "cable" (270 000 km of superconducting "strand"). This is roughly 4700 tons of material to keep at 1.9K, and 120 tons of helium being recirculated all the time through these stuff to assure 150 kW of HEAT power is dissipated. Noone ever has done a similar cryogenic installation at such scale before!
How about CERN? I got my first internship ("summer student programme") in 1997 and it was just great! Lots of fancy hardware, including the 7000-ton, 40-meter long and 20-meter high ATLAS detector, which sports the technologies to the limits, the 27-kilometer long LHC accelerator, buried 100 m below the surface, which will be filled completely with super-liquid helium (at 1.9K), and - last but not least - the place where GRID is being worked on. Have a look: http://humanresources.web.cern.ch/HumanResources/e xternal/recruitment/students/students.asp
You may have a look at this:/ AboutCERN/Achievements/WorldWideWeb/WWW-en.html
http://public.web.cern.ch/public/Content/Chapters
among others, includes the link to the proposal of the WWW made at CERN by Tim in 1989:
http://www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.html
and refined by Robert Cailliau in 1990:
http://www.w3.org/Proposal.html
BTW, noone seems to remember about Robert Cailliau, the co-author of the thing...
Last week we celebrated
the 50th anniversary of CERN (European Laboratory for High Energy Physics).
There was an "Open Day" organized (visits to tens of interesting places at CERN) and the Computing Center was one of the most popular places.
I was honoured to be one of the guides there.
The LHC will produce proton-proton collisions 40 million times per second.
Even after a first pre-selection of the events, there will be around 100 "potentially interesting" events per second that have to be recorded for further (so called "off-line") analysis.
There will be 4 detectors running on LHC (ATLAS, CMS,LHCb and ALICE).
The size of the data describing a typical "event" (collision) depends on the detector, but it is of order of Megabytes.
Assuming 1MB/event/detector that gives
1MB*100events/s*4 detectors*86400s/day=
34560000 MBytes of data produced every day.
That is almost 35 Terabytes of data per day (24 hours).
We expect to have some 10 Petabytes of data per year. And we hope to run the LHC for some 20 years.
Obviously, this amount of data cannot be stored/analysed locally; it will be therefore transmitted to scientific institutes worldwide.
You may have a look at the presentation:
[PPT]
PDF
The answer to computing power is the Grid: more information at http://gridcafe.org/
cheers,
Piotr Golonka
CERN IT/CO
Just have a look at this screenshot:
http://cern.ch/Piotr.Golonka/FUN/MSslashdot.jpg
Information about Mozilla accompanied by M$ dev studio adv.. Is it a joke ?!?