Of course the internet and the fact that the richest people in the world have been geeks for a couple decades has probably helped the situation for Gen X geeks.
The Forbes U.S. Top Ten:
Bill Gates
Warren Buffet
Sheldon Adelson (casino gaming)
Paul Allen
Michael Dell
The Walmart heirs
This is fundamentally a list of first and second generation entrepreneurial capitalists. The money isn't in the technology , it's in marketing the technology.
You do not see a whole lot of women in the construction business either.
In 1997 about 150,000 women held non-traditional jobs in the construction industry, Women and Nontraditional Occupations Production and craft work, operators and so on.
But there isn't much incentive for women to enter a market where wages are depressed:
Women posted a net increase of 1.7 million jobs paying above the median salary, while men gained a net increase of just over 220,000...according to a Bureau of Labor Statistics report for the years 2000-2005. Women outpaced men in obtaining work that pays in the top quarter of all jobs, primarily positions in the health-care, financial and managerial fields... At the end of 2005, 1.1 million more of those jobs were held by women, while 200,000 fewer men held such jobs as widespread layoffs cut manufacturing employment. But the wage gap persists...
During the study period...the number of construction jobs grew by nearly one million. Though construction is often thought of as providing higher-earning jobs, the report showed construction work accounted for many of the new, lower-paying jobs filled by men.
Jared Bernstein, an economist at the Economic Policy Institute, said an increase in unskilled, immigrant labor might explain the downward trend in construction wages. Women Outpace Men
In Number of New Jobs
I'm sorry, I can't seem to find the sourcecode for windows. Which CD was it on again ?
Kids were programming in BASIC when all they had was remote terminal access to a UNIX mainframe. The number of system-level programmers will always be infinitesimal. But you just might get kids interested in programming as a recreation.
In programming applications to meet their own needs.
If you're a struggling country, what would you get? A $100-per-unit all-in-one, or $500-or-more-plus-three-bucks-per-unit system that does the same thing?
The OLPC isn't an all-in-one.
It's a dynamo powered laptop for distribution to third world kids in the elementary grades. Its primary use will probably be as an e-book reader.
That doesn't necessarily make it the right answer for older students, for classes in the business or trade school, for example.
Free introductory e-texts like "C# for Sharp Kids?"
Let's be honest here. MSDN is positioned to supply just about everything a teacher could ask for in the elementary and secondary grades. In any language you could name.
Any old $200 to $300 PC will work, right? Oh, wait, the OLPC is currently $150, or something like that
Where will you find an OLPC in business - any business - anywhere in the world? There will be many commercial competitors for the OLPC in hardware. There is an enormous backlist of titles that will run under Windows XP today./b You think that won't be attractive in the third world B-school classrooom?
It innovates nothing but new ways of taking money from computer users while frustrating them in what they want to do.
In countries where the street price of Linux and Windows are essentially the same - Windows and MS Office are often the software of choice.
The geek needs to get a handle on the notion that what users want from Windows - what users find easy to do in Windows - is not what attracts him to Linux.
This way the States actually had a say in how the Fed operated which is proper seeing as how the Fed is a creation of the States and only exists as long as the individual States say it does.
not well up on American History?
Putting the Constitution in the hands of specially elected conventions would avoid the hostility of state officials jealous of their state's sovereignty, as would the nine-states requirement (the Articles required all thirteen states' consent for ratification of an amendment). The delegates also viewed the Constitution as a fundamental law requiring a form of adoption more solemn and significant, and less vulnerable to shifts of public opinion, than approval by state legislatures. The ratification process itself would induce Americans to think of themselves as a nation, encouraging them to look beyond their state's borders in deciding whether to support the Constitution and disposing them to adopt a new government for the American nation. Ratification Of The Constitution
The Civil War settled any remaining doubts about the independence and authority of the Federal Union. It is not a creature of the states. It belongs to "We, the people of these United States."
Thomas Jefferson, woud be rolling in his grave if he knew the federal government outlawed hemp, aka marijuana and pot. He grew hemp on his farm and once said there should be a law requiring farmers to grow it.
Industrial hemp - hemp fiber - was a cash crop in the eighteeth century. Used in the manufacture of rope, canvas, sacking materials, and so on.
In the decades before the cotton gin, the steam ship, marine stores were a principal southern export.
There is a difference between being pc and having standards/morals/convictions and trying to stick to them. The fact that you seem not to recognize this is troubling.
The problem is that home user doesn't give a damn about your standards. Source has no more meaning to him than the chicken scratchings on a Sumerian stone tablet. His interests and values lie elsewhere. He will never sacrifice an easy-to-install high-performance driver to satisfy your concept of freedom.
consider that many 20-40 year old geeks parents are incapable of installing ANY operating system. In short, your conclusions are specious, not insightful.
They don't need to install an operating system. They don't want to install an operating system. What they choose is the OEM system bundle.
Most people don't want their computers to be all things to all people.
If true, then why does the 16:9 display and the DVD-drive become standard on the laptop? Why does PC gaming remain a billion-dollar industry? Why the hoo-rah over the royalty structure of Internet radio?
Most people will get Linux at home after they start using it at work.
Name one - just one - client app that is unique to the Linux office desktop - one app that would drive Linux adoption in the home.
More to the point, name one user - just one user - who wants to bring any memory of the locked-down corporate desktop into his home. These are two fundamentally different markets.
Linux, being a disruptive technology, is gaining acceptance away from the desktop mainstream but it will eventually achieve critical mass.
The home PC - the mass-market Windows PC - is proving an infinitely more disruptive technology than Linux. Consider it's impact on the newspaper industry, book publishing, broadcasting, motion pictures, CD sales...
very few pieces of firmware ship their source code, so this new flavor of Ubuntu won't ship any firmware unless we can also ship the source code for it.
There are kinds of content out there - like PDFs and so on - which are not editable but where there is an editable source document effectively, and we won't include this content unless we include the source document. Things like video content: Well, an edited video is nice, but what about the source materials? So this version of Ubuntu will not include any video footage unless it also includes either the source content or access to the source content. By this we are extending the concept of "freedom" to cover not just applications software, all the way down to firmware and content which is further than any other distribution goes.
So for example we get a lot of reports now of developers who install computers for their parents and they put Ubuntu on them, because it's not gonna get spyware, it's not gonna get viruses, it's very easy to maintain remotely and keep up-to-date. And so they are not getting constantly called by their parents saying their computer won't work or "my ISP tells me that I got viruses on my computer". It does everything they need, it does web and e-mail, office and spreadsheets and things like that. So in those cases Ubuntu is a very good option for everyday users.
I haven't actually tried Vista final, I tried to run a Vista Beta under VMWare and wasn't very successful, but I can see, that they have tried to raise the game.
From this we can draw some conclusions:
It is more important for a distro to be "politically correct" than to meet the needs of users for whom access to source will always be meaningless.
The geek stereotype of the home user is alive and well in Ubuntu. No mention of media play, no mention of games.
Ubuntu is the OS of choice if you have son or daughter willing to install and maintain it. For everyone else, there is OSX and Windows Vista.
People do not smoke like they use to. Thus it is probably a statistically safe bet to leave the fucking PBDEs out. Heck, I'd pay more if I had to to get a couch w/o the retardant on it.
(1) More than two billion pounds of polyurethane foam are sold in the United States every year.
(2) Polyurethane foam is found in mattresses, bedding, upholstered furniture, carpet padding, soundproofing materials, and countless other objects commonly found in homes and office buildings.
(3) Firefighters refer to polyurethane foam as `solid gasoline' because of its flammability, and when burning, it emits deadly gases including arsenic.
(4) Between 1980 and 1998, mattress, bedding, and upholstered furniture fires killed almost 30,000 people in the United States. During the same period, these fires injured more than 95,000 people.
(5) Direct property damage from foam fires over the same period was nearly $10 billion.
(6) Exposed polyurethane soundproofing foam led to 100 deaths and 200 injuries at the Station nightclub fire in West Warwick, Rhode Island, on February 20, 2003.
(7) A typical room fire will reach `flashover', the high temperature point at which all combustible materials in a room ignites, in 5 minutes or less from the time at which polyurethane foam filled furniture catches fire. The National Fire Protection Association's standard requires that 90 percent of the time, the first firefighters must arrive at the fire within 4 minutes. Foam Fire Safety Act
What can't truly be described - but only understood through experience - is the amount of smoke generated by a smoldering coach or mattress; fog gray and impenetrable it leaves you blind and disoriented, no lamp, no flashlight, will be of any use to you at all. You must not let go of anything that can guide you.
He got away with it *both* times because the law emasculates the citizen from carrying a weapon at all times. If there were no restrictions on concealed carry, more people would carry. If V. Tech didn't ban firearms on its grounds, it's probable that some people in either group would have been armed and could have defended themselves/
The killer has likely thought and dreamed of nothing else for months.
He has planned, he has prepared. The initiative is his, the choice of weapons and armor.
He has killed at once and has absolutely nothing left to lose.
You want to take out someone well-armed and well-protected and bent on suicide-under-SWAT-team fire than you going to need more experience and discipline than GTA can teach you.
In the United States, that doesn't work because our congressmen represent geographic areas
Senators are elected state-wide. House members represent districts of roughly equal population and more or less
clearly defined constituencies. Los Angeles alone sends about fourteen members to Congress.
You do not successfully re-write copyright law by ignoring the economic and political interests of the state which sent Reagan to Washington and The Terminator to Sacramento.
the problem could be signficiantly reduced if we used a voting system like {the Condorcet method] that didn't severely punish third party votes strategically.
The Geek looks at structure and ignores culture. There is a tradition of winner-take-all, a dislike of multiple choice questions that begins in grade school and a profound distrust of coalitions that gives very small minorities inordinate power.
on the other hand if you're going to be suing people on the scale that the RIAA has been suing people, your evidence had better be pretty solid or you're treading on thin ice.
but there's no "official" evidence to back up their claims either, which is the crux of the matter.
In the U.S. there are profound differences between civil and criminal law - differences which the geek seems determined to ignore.
The burden of proof is lower. Much, much lower. Decisions are based on the "weight of the evidence," or, most simply stated, by what seems more likely than not.
That does not put the geek in a strong position when he spins out his tales of what might have been.
What extra features does the $299 Business version offer to protect Windows against security issues with virtualization technology, and why aren't these features in the Basic and Premium versions?
Why not ask the simpler question:
If you want and need to run Vista in a virtual machine on the Mac why are you installing the consumer versions of the OS? This is going to cost you a big chunk of change no matter how you go about it.
If you don't know what RAID is, why would you bother specing a home-pc with hot swappable drives?
"To add storage just slip in another drive and you are good to go."
Yeah, assuming you got a server chassis with hot swappable drives. Which, by definition, the end-user this is targeted at doesn't.
Wrong again. The user doesn't have to spec anything.
Internal/External. ATA/SATA. USB/Firewire. None of this matters to WHS. Everything available is added to the general store.
Drives are set into cartridges. There's no need for the user to crack open the case. No need need for him to know or care about the system internals. Should hit the market around September.
"Automated backups for every system on the net. Recover older versions of files. Single instance storage"
Yeah, that's a good pitch, too. So far? Vapor-ware!
Not Vapor-ware. A Beta-2. Or else why play for geek-points by leaking the program to the web?
"Remote access and administration. Remote control over the web --- again, intended for users who have no experience in any of this."
Oh, there's a security hole just waiting for a portscan to come along!
"Microsoft is providing WHS users with a free Internet address via Windows Live. This address will give you a remote interface into your entire home network, not just WHS. You will be able to access any shared folders remotely, or even control individual PCs remotely.
This technology, which is based on remote access functionality in Windows Small Business Server, will let consumers do things like upload photos from a kiosk from a remote part of the world, download files they need while on the road, or enjoy recorded TV shows while they're on vacation. Microsoft will also allow you to pick a vanity Internet address through Windows Live Domains if you'd like something more custom.
To some extent, I think Pete Hines is correct. Blatant over-the-top references to movies and tv shows might get a chuckle from me, but they're also distracting and ruin the immersion of the game.
I'll not complain if the humor in Fallout is rooted more in character and story than in a game of Trivial Pursuit.
If MS (or any other company for that matter, even Apple), does not want to pay for work, then they take their chances. If they want testers that will follow their rules, they should pay the testers then. Very simple concept.
here's an even simpler concept worth grasping: if you can't be trusted to respect the commitments you make you won't find a welcome among the volunteers who contribute to open source.
Want a Windows Home Server? Load a copy of Linux/*BSD and Samba on to a spare PC. There you go, all the power of a basic domain without all the costs associated with an M$ product.
WHS:
Intended for users who have never seen or touched a server OS.
Redundant storage and hot pluggable drives for those for whom RAID is an insect spray can.
To add storage just slip in another drive and you are good to go.
Automated backups for every system on the net. Recover older versions of files. Single instance storage
Remote access and administration. Remote control over the web --- again, intended for users who have no experience in any of this.
Slashdot Mirror
The Forbes U.S. Top Ten:
Bill Gates
Warren Buffet
Sheldon Adelson (casino gaming)
Paul Allen
Michael Dell
The Walmart heirs
This is fundamentally a list of first and second generation entrepreneurial capitalists. The money isn't in the technology , it's in marketing the technology.
In 1997 about 150,000 women held non-traditional jobs in the construction industry, Women and Nontraditional Occupations Production and craft work, operators and so on.
But there isn't much incentive for women to enter a market where wages are depressed:
Women posted a net increase of 1.7 million jobs paying above the median salary, while men gained a net increase of just over 220,000...according to a Bureau of Labor Statistics report for the years 2000-2005. Women outpaced men in obtaining work that pays in the top quarter of all jobs, primarily positions in the health-care, financial and managerial fields... At the end of 2005, 1.1 million more of those jobs were held by women, while 200,000 fewer men held such jobs as widespread layoffs cut manufacturing employment. But the wage gap persists...
During the study period...the number of construction jobs grew by nearly one million. Though construction is often thought of as providing higher-earning jobs, the report showed construction work accounted for many of the new, lower-paying jobs filled by men.
Jared Bernstein, an economist at the Economic Policy Institute, said an increase in unskilled, immigrant labor might explain the downward trend in construction wages. Women Outpace Men In Number of New Jobs
Kids were programming in BASIC when all they had was remote terminal access to a UNIX mainframe. The number of system-level programmers will always be infinitesimal. But you just might get kids interested in programming as a recreation.
In programming applications to meet their own needs.
So how many programs can a kid run concurrently on an OLPC? - and by programs I mean those which have significant demands on system resources.
How many times a day do you want to crank up a dynamo?
The OLPC isn't an all-in-one.
It's a dynamo powered laptop for distribution to third world kids in the elementary grades. Its primary use will probably be as an e-book reader.
That doesn't necessarily make it the right answer for older students, for classes in the business or trade school, for example.
Visual Studio Express is free.
Microsoft sponsors Coding4Fun and the Beginner Developer Learning Center - and did I mention the Kid's Corner?
Free introductory e-texts like "C# for Sharp Kids?"
Let's be honest here. MSDN is positioned to supply just about everything a teacher could ask for in the elementary and secondary grades. In any language you could name.
Where will you find an OLPC in business - any business - anywhere in the world? There will be many commercial competitors for the OLPC in hardware. There is an enormous backlist of titles that will run under Windows XP today./b You think that won't be attractive in the third world B-school classrooom?
In countries where the street price of Linux and Windows are essentially the same - Windows and MS Office are often the software of choice.
The geek needs to get a handle on the notion that what users want from Windows - what users find easy to do in Windows - is not what attracts him to Linux.
not well up on American History?
Putting the Constitution in the hands of specially elected conventions would avoid the hostility of state officials jealous of their state's sovereignty, as would the nine-states requirement (the Articles required all thirteen states' consent for ratification of an amendment). The delegates also viewed the Constitution as a fundamental law requiring a form of adoption more solemn and significant, and less vulnerable to shifts of public opinion, than approval by state legislatures. The ratification process itself would induce Americans to think of themselves as a nation, encouraging them to look beyond their state's borders in deciding whether to support the Constitution and disposing them to adopt a new government for the American nation. Ratification Of The Constitution
The Civil War settled any remaining doubts about the independence and authority of the Federal Union. It is not a creature of the states. It belongs to "We, the people of these United States."
Industrial hemp - hemp fiber - was a cash crop in the eighteeth century. Used in the manufacture of rope, canvas, sacking materials, and so on.
In the decades before the cotton gin, the steam ship, marine stores were a principal southern export.
The responses I've quoted clearly have a broader significance.
The problem is that home user doesn't give a damn about your standards. Source has no more meaning to him than the chicken scratchings on a Sumerian stone tablet. His interests and values lie elsewhere. He will never sacrifice an easy-to-install high-performance driver to satisfy your concept of freedom.
consider that many 20-40 year old geeks parents are incapable of installing ANY operating system. In short, your conclusions are specious, not insightful.
They don't need to install an operating system. They don't want to install an operating system. What they choose is the OEM system bundle.
If true, then why does the 16:9 display and the DVD-drive become standard on the laptop? Why does PC gaming remain a billion-dollar industry? Why the hoo-rah over the royalty structure of Internet radio?
Most people will get Linux at home after they start using it at work.
Name one - just one - client app that is unique to the Linux office desktop - one app that would drive Linux adoption in the home.
More to the point, name one user - just one user - who wants to bring any memory of the locked-down corporate desktop into his home. These are two fundamentally different markets.
Linux, being a disruptive technology, is gaining acceptance away from the desktop mainstream but it will eventually achieve critical mass.
The home PC - the mass-market Windows PC - is proving an infinitely more disruptive technology than Linux. Consider it's impact on the newspaper industry, book publishing, broadcasting, motion pictures, CD sales...
very few pieces of firmware ship their source code, so this new flavor of Ubuntu won't ship any firmware unless we can also ship the source code for it.
There are kinds of content out there - like PDFs and so on - which are not editable but where there is an editable source document effectively, and we won't include this content unless we include the source document. Things like video content: Well, an edited video is nice, but what about the source materials? So this version of Ubuntu will not include any video footage unless it also includes either the source content or access to the source content. By this we are extending the concept of "freedom" to cover not just applications software, all the way down to firmware and content which is further than any other distribution goes.
So for example we get a lot of reports now of developers who install computers for their parents and they put Ubuntu on them, because it's not gonna get spyware, it's not gonna get viruses, it's very easy to maintain remotely and keep up-to-date. And so they are not getting constantly called by their parents saying their computer won't work or "my ISP tells me that I got viruses on my computer". It does everything they need, it does web and e-mail, office and spreadsheets and things like that. So in those cases Ubuntu is a very good option for everyday users.
I haven't actually tried Vista final, I tried to run a Vista Beta under VMWare and wasn't very successful, but I can see, that they have tried to raise the game.
From this we can draw some conclusions:
It is more important for a distro to be "politically correct" than to meet the needs of users for whom access to source will always be meaningless.
The geek stereotype of the home user is alive and well in Ubuntu. No mention of media play, no mention of games.
Ubuntu is the OS of choice if you have son or daughter willing to install and maintain it. For everyone else, there is OSX and Windows Vista.
There is more than one way to start a fire: Dell Laptop Burns House Down
Congress finds the following:
(1) More than two billion pounds of polyurethane foam are sold in the United States every year.
(2) Polyurethane foam is found in mattresses, bedding, upholstered furniture, carpet padding, soundproofing materials, and countless other objects commonly found in homes and office buildings.
(3) Firefighters refer to polyurethane foam as `solid gasoline' because of its flammability, and when burning, it emits deadly gases including arsenic.
(4) Between 1980 and 1998, mattress, bedding, and upholstered furniture fires killed almost 30,000 people in the United States. During the same period, these fires injured more than 95,000 people.
(5) Direct property damage from foam fires over the same period was nearly $10 billion.
(6) Exposed polyurethane soundproofing foam led to 100 deaths and 200 injuries at the Station nightclub fire in West Warwick, Rhode Island, on February 20, 2003.
(7) A typical room fire will reach `flashover', the high temperature point at which all combustible materials in a room ignites, in 5 minutes or less from the time at which polyurethane foam filled furniture catches fire. The National Fire Protection Association's standard requires that 90 percent of the time, the first firefighters must arrive at the fire within 4 minutes. Foam Fire Safety Act
What can't truly be described - but only understood through experience - is the amount of smoke generated by a smoldering coach or mattress; fog gray and impenetrable it leaves you blind and disoriented, no lamp, no flashlight, will be of any use to you at all. You must not let go of anything that can guide you.
and just where are those "statistics" to be found?
you will excuse me, I trust, if I think that a +5 mod-up demands a show of proof.
OS platforms are 88% windows, 9% Mac, and nearly 3% Linux.
This tells me nothing until I know the target audience for your site and the number of visitors.
He got away with it *both* times because the law emasculates the citizen from carrying a weapon at all times. If there were no restrictions on concealed carry, more people would carry. If V. Tech didn't ban firearms on its grounds, it's probable that some people in either group would have been armed and could have defended themselves/
The killer has likely thought and dreamed of nothing else for months.
He has planned, he has prepared. The initiative is his, the choice of weapons and armor.
He has killed at once and has absolutely nothing left to lose.
You want to take out someone well-armed and well-protected and bent on suicide-under-SWAT-team fire than you going to need more experience and discipline than GTA can teach you.
Senators are elected state-wide. House members represent districts of roughly equal population and more or less clearly defined constituencies. Los Angeles alone sends about fourteen members to Congress.
You do not successfully re-write copyright law by ignoring the economic and political interests of the state which sent Reagan to Washington and The Terminator to Sacramento.
the problem could be signficiantly reduced if we used a voting system like {the Condorcet method] that didn't severely punish third party votes strategically.
The Geek looks at structure and ignores culture. There is a tradition of winner-take-all, a dislike of multiple choice questions that begins in grade school and a profound distrust of coalitions that gives very small minorities inordinate power.
but there's no "official" evidence to back up their claims either, which is the crux of the matter.
In the U.S. there are profound differences between civil and criminal law - differences which the geek seems determined to ignore.
The burden of proof is lower. Much, much lower. Decisions are based on the "weight of the evidence," or, most simply stated, by what seems more likely than not.
That does not put the geek in a strong position when he spins out his tales of what might have been.
Why not ask the simpler question:
If you want and need to run Vista in a virtual machine on the Mac why are you installing the consumer versions of the OS? This is going to cost you a big chunk of change no matter how you go about it.
Yeah, that's the supposed Idea. I remember when they pitched that line for NT, too.
I don't recall NT ever being pitched as a consumer OS --- as for WHS: Windows Home Server Beta 2 Screenshot Gallery Part 2: Client Install & Configuration
If you don't know what RAID is, why would you bother specing a home-pc with hot swappable drives?
"To add storage just slip in another drive and you are good to go."
Yeah, assuming you got a server chassis with hot swappable drives. Which, by definition, the end-user this is targeted at doesn't.
Wrong again. The user doesn't have to spec anything.
Internal/External. ATA/SATA. USB/Firewire. None of this matters to WHS. Everything available is added to the general store.
HP MediaSmart Server Up to 6TB of storage.
Drives are set into cartridges. There's no need for the user to crack open the case. No need need for him to know or care about the system internals. Should hit the market around September.
"Automated backups for every system on the net. Recover older versions of files. Single instance storage"
Yeah, that's a good pitch, too. So far? Vapor-ware!
Not Vapor-ware. A Beta-2. Or else why play for geek-points by leaking the program to the web?
"Remote access and administration. Remote control over the web --- again, intended for users who have no experience in any of this."
Oh, there's a security hole just waiting for a portscan to come along!
"Microsoft is providing WHS users with a free Internet address via Windows Live. This address will give you a remote interface into your entire home network, not just WHS. You will be able to access any shared folders remotely, or even control individual PCs remotely.
This technology, which is based on remote access functionality in Windows Small Business Server, will let consumers do things like upload photos from a kiosk from a remote part of the world, download files they need while on the road, or enjoy recorded TV shows while they're on vacation. Microsoft will also allow you to pick a vanity Internet address through Windows Live Domains if you'd like something more custom.
Incidentally, the remote access functionality is free in that you won't be paying any annual or monthly fees, it's just a part of the benefit of using WHS." Windows Home Server Preview, Windows Home Server Points Way to Next SBS
This is aimed at Fanbois who just don't have the brains to make the leap to Ubuntu or Fedora
It's aimed at users who don't know what a fan boy is and can't tell a Fedora from a Stetson.
I'll not complain if the humor in Fallout is rooted more in character and story than in a game of Trivial Pursuit.
here's an even simpler concept worth grasping: if you can't be trusted to respect the commitments you make you won't find a welcome among the volunteers who contribute to open source.
WHS:
Intended for users who have never seen or touched a server OS.
Redundant storage and hot pluggable drives for those for whom RAID is an insect spray can.
To add storage just slip in another drive and you are good to go.
Automated backups for every system on the net. Recover older versions of files. Single instance storage
Remote access and administration. Remote control over the web --- again, intended for users who have no experience in any of this.