That's all we did here in the lab and it took care of things quite nicely.
It's not very Newtonian to be running services that you just simply do not need! Newton was a very smart man who took advantage of several areas that he was able to, but I doubt he would ever have wastefully ran services that he didn't ever use.
Please be smart and think/act like a physicist. Just don't stop brushing your teeth/hair or start wearing Spandex(TM) pants and bicycle helmets to work -- that's just plain weird!
I highly doubt that Toshiba has strenously tested their fuel cell model for these new machines.
Is every engineer there totally confident and fully knowledgeable about all aspects of fuel cells? If so, then they surely know how to deal with: - current limits - bipolar plates - Efficiency and open circuit voltage - Efficiency and efficiency Limits - Efficiency and the fuel cell voltage
Not to mention they should have a firm grasp on: - The Effect of Pressure and Gas Concentration - The Nernst equation - Hydrogen partial pressure - Fuel and oxidant utilisation - Fuel Cell Irreversibilities - Causes of Voltage Drop - Activation Losses - The Tafel equation - Reducing the activation overvoltage - Summary of activation overvoltage
The last thing anyone wants is a fried laptop. Imagine walking away from your new Toshiba fuel cell-powered Pentium 5 laptop only to come back and find the screensaver off because the entire unit is charred like a cod on a plate of Fish 'N Chips!
My research team used several different mathematical code libraries and merged them into a custom Blender-3D build that a few grad students just created here at our laboratory.
With the power of math and a nice piece of 3D software, we're able to model the effects of airflow on Air Force and Navy aircraft (we just received $10,000 in grant money for this experiment).
Using a computer model of an F-14 flying at a high angle of attack, we can see how airflow coming off the front of the aircraft hits the tail, and interactively change the direction of the airflow with a few clicks in Blender.
So far, everything is going better than planned. The best part is that without Open-Source and Free-Software, this would absolutely, positiviely not been possible.
All this talk about DNA had me thinking not only about mapping the human genome, but the very processes through which other organisms replicated and pass-on this DNA "code" to their very existance.
Every hour, each E. coli bacterium multiplies by producing a copy of its DNA and then splitting into two daughter bacteria. Each is identical to its parent.
But, when protein diffusion is combined with the binding and release of proteins from the cell membrane, oscillating patterns in E. Coli occur.
Well, "Who cares?" you think to yourself.
However, it's actually fascinating because this is almost identical to the Turing model reaction-diffusion equations that you read about in your biology class(es); behind every set of zebra stripes or leopard spots lies this Turing model.
Genetic Algorithms are, essentially, nothing more than powerful general design tools which mimic Darwinism by setting up a population of artificial 'organisms' and allowing them to evolve based on selection pressures defined by the user and/or creator.
This is one technique that Apple has fully embraced and extended to their microprocessor partners, specifically IBM and Motorola. These two integrated circuit 'outfits' compete with new GAs and improved conductor materials as they both vye for the new big contract from Apple Computers.
How does it work, though?
Well, to produce a chip design with components arranged in an optimal manner using GAs, the computer engineers create an initial population of chip patterns which have randomly arranged components.
From here on out, they use simple D-latches for fast data storage (as seen in the internal storage units of most modern microprocessors) and improve upon the pattern repeatedly until one design outlasts them all, and wins the 'prize' as the next chipset basis for the latest G4, G5, G6, et cetera.
Many industry experts see this as a truly revolutionary engineering practice, but still others are a bit more weary to accept it as a standard manufacturing process.
I've yet to decide my own personal opinion, but it's interesting regardless.....
So, Microsoft uses this: C = 983830091 for their ciphertext value in assigning variables.
They then change plaintext to integers via this method: a -> 01, b -> 02, c -> 03, z -> 26
Then the Passport system uses simple RSA methods with the public key(e,N): e = 7; N = 2651733127
Any old bloke can now decrypt the encrpted message to find the original plaintext, a string of English letters.
To decrypt, all you need to find is the private exponent d. This isn't incredibly hard to do; just factor it with any microcomputer: N = 71593 * 37039 = p*q
Note that both of the factors are prime.
Then, M = phi(N) = (p-1) * (q-1) = 2651624496.
Now find d such that e*d = 1 mod M.
That is,
7*d = 1 mod 2651624496
It's now just "a walk in the park" from here, something my six-year old child could deduce in a few minutes with a notepad and a Crayon(TM), perhaps: gcd(7, 2651624496). 2651624496 = 7*378803499 + 3 7 = 3*2 + 1 3 = 1*3 + 0
Few know that the first practical gas turbine was made by a couple gentlemen who weren't even sure that it would actually work.
But, these days it's almost a trivial task to make your own. Jet engines take air in the front at low speed and chuck it out the back at high speed.
So, with that in mind, I could easily throw one of these together over a lunch break. All you need are a propane torch, a ten centimetre square sheet of foil, one of those hole punches, and a five centimetre square of brass metal.
Make the nozzle fairly long for more power. If you want to have a nice methane-excretion sound like some teens' automobiles, poke a few dozen holes on the inside of the nozzle.
Remember that Force = Mass * Acceleration as well as what time your girlfriend will be home so that you don't have to sleep on the couch that night.
Out of the various possible routes taken by an electron in orbit, one line l may be chosen with peak in point p relative to which the line is symmetric (relative distance and velocity, v(p), are minimal).
Therefore, the scalar potential field created by such movement obeys Zipf's Law of Power (so do Web links, but that's another post).
Bottom line -- be weary of news releases such as this one that proclaim to reduce energy use and save you money. Unlike the X10 cam, most of these crocks of crud simply don't work!
Also, here in the UK our AC currents are very different from traditional outlets you folks may have in the States. Yet another question to ponder...
Or you could adapt a currently-existing user interface so that it allows for a rating of user intelligence, based on a simple scale.
Assign points over time (which can be done since modern computers have sequential ability, rather than just a set of combinational logic gates).
Why not attempt (or adapt) the following measure? --
User Ability: {Charisma + Determination + Discipline + Raw Intelligence + Logic + Wisdom)/[ln(Pi*timeSinceInitialInstall)]}
Develop a few simple tests and embed them into some questions (perhaps an inital registration script that loads upon first run) to find each value, and then run the numbers based on the above equation.
These work well with the visualization needs that you and your group have as well for the upcoming project; search the Web for the Kohonen learning algorithm and apply a simple summation over each term in the respective vector, remembering to square each quantity as well.
This way, the topological view of your program's user interface will be well-refined, easy to navigate, and of a very high resolution (for CRTs, at least -- LCD monitors refresh too quickly and you may get relics [blurs] from high-oscillating models).
The whole reason that the Internet was created stemmed from the need for a communications system that's global in scale and dependable and durable enought to withstand any natural or not-so-natural (read: nuclear) disaster that takes place.
In the case of sending and receiving email via radio waves, one must be aware that the electric fields from the equipment can be so high that spontaneous glow discharges can be produced by any metal object within six inches of the routers, and fluorescent tubes can be lit up anywhere in the surrounding room without being contacted.
The RF energy being generated is probably so immense and so poorly defined in frequency that probably all air-traffic communications must be jammed for a few miles around when this news system is operating.
The range of frequencies over which the electromagnetic spectrum is used in radio transmission is between about 3 kHz and 300 GHz.
What the article doesn't talk much about is how these waves are actually transmitted. And as science buffs, we're all probably intelligent and curious enough to read a bit about the details of such a feat as this. It may seem complex at first, but it's nothing but physics, which is nothing more than a few algebra rules that most of you learned back in 9th grade.
The simplest approach to describing radio wave propagation is to solve for the index of refraction h = (m e)1/2, where m is the magnetic permeability (1.25664 x 10-6 H m-1) and e is the dielectric constant.
The index of refraction, in turn, describes the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction through Snell's Law.
To put it simply, all that that mumbo-jumbo really shows is that there's a finite maximum usable frequency (MUF) that will reflect off the ionosphere and allow still higher frequencies to pass through relatively unchanged.
This is one way in which you just know that the Mozilla developers are at the top of their field(s) -- deciding to go with XML full-fledged (several years ago, too) was one of the greatest decisions they've made so far. The XUL interface, which is basically XML-based at its core, is about as flexible as one can get with the UI experience.
Furthermore, and of particular interest to someone like myself, the XML format offers a number of advantages for computational physics: clear markup of input data and results, standardized data formats, and easier exchange and archival stability of data.
I will definitely use a few dollars of grant money to purchase this book and keep it in the labs for all to read and enjoy.
My collegues and I refuse to carry mobile phones despite the number of emergency-type situations we often find ourselves in. Based on a few simple Blender-3D models I threw together during my a couple of lunch breaks, the analysis of how electromagnetic radiation absorbed by the body affects the shape and orientation of our cells is nothing short of frightening.
So, this news that Opera can allow for Web browsing via mobile phones in a more functional and advanced manner isn't very important to folks like me who wish to avoid getting cancer (radiation from 900 to 2450 MHz -- the range we are exposed to by mobile phones, microwave ovens, and police and air-traffic radar -- has been proven to be deadly in lab studies with smaller mammals as the patients).
So, just some advice from one physicist to his fellow geeks -- think before you buy that snazzy new phone (with Opera software, perhaps) because you'd almost be better off taking up a less-dangerous habit such as smoking fags (known as "cigarettes" in the states, I believe).
As you probably know, OpenSSH is largely relient upon the mathematical superiority of RSA encryption techniques. The ability to work with secure shell environments on remote computers has been an absolute god-send since all of the holes in telnet implementations surfaced.
To make a long story short, a few fellow grad students and I spent a rainy Saturday morning working on the most simple implementaiton of RSA possible, and our end result is quite interesting to any budding math or computer science students. The best part is that it's written in Perl (hey, we needed the most powerful language!) and only requires a simple, widely-available arithmetic library.
The code: print pack"C*",split/\D+/,`echo "16iII*o\U@{$/=$z;[(pop,pop,unpack"H*", )]}\EsMsK sN0[lN*1lK[d2%Sa2/d0
The beauty of expressing something that's so utterly complex through such a wonderfully simple and sexy solution (via Perl, even!) is what truly makes OpenSSH's use of RSA great.
Of course, be sure to stay on top of updates as the occasional security hole is unearthed -- no matter what system you're responsible, any administrator is a bad administrator if he or she doesn't read bug reports and security advisories and take the necessary precautions via standard upgrade cycles.
Semiconductor p-n junctions are the basis for LEDs and, when made into optical cavities, for diode lasers. Therefore, this may or may not yield increased resolutions, as anyone who's had a physics class or two could easily derive based on the known and accepted value of Planck's constant.
The radiative transitions in semiconductors could prove to interfere with the overall user experience, thus the intensity of light emission processes in direct band gap materials is several times lower in magnitude than in direct band gap semiconductors.
Slashdot Mirror
NET STOP MESSENGER
That's all we did here in the lab and it took care of things quite nicely.
It's not very Newtonian to be running services that you just simply do not need! Newton was a very smart man who took advantage of several areas that he was able to, but I doubt he would ever have wastefully ran services that he didn't ever use.
Please be smart and think/act like a physicist. Just don't stop brushing your teeth/hair or start wearing Spandex(TM) pants and bicycle helmets to work -- that's just plain weird!
Ah well, back to the lab...
I highly doubt that Toshiba has strenously tested their fuel cell model for these new machines.
Is every engineer there totally confident and fully knowledgeable about all aspects of fuel cells? If so, then they surely know how to deal with:
- current limits
- bipolar plates
- Efficiency and open circuit voltage
- Efficiency and efficiency Limits
- Efficiency and the fuel cell voltage
Not to mention they should have a firm grasp on:
- The Effect of Pressure and Gas Concentration
- The Nernst equation
- Hydrogen partial pressure
- Fuel and oxidant utilisation
- Fuel Cell Irreversibilities - Causes of Voltage Drop
- Activation Losses
- The Tafel equation
- Reducing the activation overvoltage
- Summary of activation overvoltage
The last thing anyone wants is a fried laptop. Imagine walking away from your new Toshiba fuel cell-powered Pentium 5 laptop only to come back and find the screensaver off because the entire unit is charred like a cod on a plate of Fish 'N Chips!
My research team used several different mathematical code libraries and merged them into a custom Blender-3D build that a few grad students just created here at our laboratory.
With the power of math and a nice piece of 3D software, we're able to model the effects of airflow on Air Force and Navy aircraft (we just received $10,000 in grant money for this experiment).
Using a computer model of an F-14 flying at a high angle of attack, we can see how airflow coming off the front of the aircraft hits the tail, and interactively change the direction of the airflow with a few clicks in Blender.
So far, everything is going better than planned. The best part is that without Open-Source and Free-Software, this would absolutely, positiviely not been possible.
All this talk about DNA had me thinking not only about mapping the human genome, but the very processes through which other organisms replicated and pass-on this DNA "code" to their very existance.
Every hour, each E. coli bacterium multiplies by producing a copy of its DNA and then splitting into two daughter bacteria. Each is identical to its parent.
But, when protein diffusion is combined with the binding and release of proteins from the cell membrane, oscillating patterns in E. Coli occur.
Well, "Who cares?" you think to yourself.
However, it's actually fascinating because this is almost identical to the Turing model reaction-diffusion equations that you read about in your biology class(es); behind every set of zebra stripes or leopard spots lies this Turing model.
Genetic Algorithms are, essentially, nothing more than powerful general design tools which mimic Darwinism by setting up a population of artificial 'organisms' and allowing them to evolve based on selection pressures defined by the user and/or creator.
This is one technique that Apple has fully embraced and extended to their microprocessor partners, specifically IBM and Motorola. These two integrated circuit 'outfits' compete with new GAs and improved conductor materials as they both vye for the new big contract from Apple Computers.
How does it work, though?
Well, to produce a chip design with components arranged in an optimal manner using GAs, the computer engineers create an initial population of chip patterns which have randomly arranged components.
From here on out, they use simple D-latches for fast data storage (as seen in the internal storage units of most modern microprocessors) and improve upon the pattern repeatedly until one design outlasts them all, and wins the 'prize' as the next chipset basis for the latest G4, G5, G6, et cetera.
Many industry experts see this as a truly revolutionary engineering practice, but still others are a bit more weary to accept it as a standard manufacturing process.
I've yet to decide my own personal opinion, but it's interesting regardless.....
So, Microsoft uses this:
C = 983830091
for their ciphertext value in assigning variables.
They then change plaintext to integers via this method:
a -> 01, b -> 02, c -> 03, z -> 26
Then the Passport system uses simple RSA methods with the public key(e,N):
e = 7; N = 2651733127
Any old bloke can now decrypt the encrpted message to find the original plaintext, a string of English letters.
To decrypt, all you need to find is the private exponent d. This isn't incredibly hard to do; just factor it with any microcomputer:
N = 71593 * 37039 = p*q
Note that both of the factors are prime.
Then, M = phi(N) = (p-1) * (q-1) = 2651624496.
Now find d such that
e*d = 1 mod M.
That is,
7*d = 1 mod 2651624496
It's now just "a walk in the park" from here, something my six-year old child could deduce in a few minutes with a notepad and a Crayon(TM), perhaps:
gcd(7, 2651624496).
2651624496 = 7*378803499 + 3
7 = 3*2 + 1
3 = 1*3 + 0
1 = 7 - 2*3
= 7 - 2*(2651624496 - 7*378803499)
= 7*757606999 - 2*2651624496
7*757606999 - 2*2651624496 = 1
7*757606999 = 1 mod 2651624496
d = 757606999
C^d mod N = 983830091^757606999 mod 2651733127
The answer is 211911, but you probably figured that out in your head by now. Oh well, let me go check if there's any nitrous left for this afternoon.
Happy cracking!
Few know that the first practical gas turbine was made by a couple gentlemen who weren't even sure that it would actually work.
But, these days it's almost a trivial task to make your own. Jet engines take air in the front at low speed and chuck it out the back at high speed.
So, with that in mind, I could easily throw one of these together over a lunch break. All you need are a propane torch, a ten centimetre square sheet of foil, one of those hole punches, and a five centimetre square of brass metal.
Make the nozzle fairly long for more power. If you want to have a nice methane-excretion sound like some teens' automobiles, poke a few dozen holes on the inside of the nozzle.
Remember that Force = Mass * Acceleration as well as what time your girlfriend will be home so that you don't have to sleep on the couch that night.
Out of the various possible routes taken by an electron in orbit, one line l may be chosen with peak in point p relative to which the line is symmetric (relative distance and velocity, v(p), are minimal).
Therefore, the scalar potential field created by such movement obeys Zipf's Law of Power (so do Web links, but that's another post).
Bottom line -- be weary of news releases such as this one that proclaim to reduce energy use and save you money. Unlike the X10 cam, most of these crocks of crud simply don't work!
Also, here in the UK our AC currents are very different from traditional outlets you folks may have in the States. Yet another question to ponder...
I am not the same guy as PhysicsGenius. We talk, but we're entirely different physics lovers.
Or you could adapt a currently-existing user interface so that it allows for a rating of user intelligence, based on a simple scale.
Assign points over time (which can be done since modern computers have sequential ability, rather than just a set of combinational logic gates).
Why not attempt (or adapt) the following measure? --
User Ability: {Charisma + Determination + Discipline + Raw Intelligence + Logic + Wisdom)/[ln(Pi*timeSinceInitialInstall)]}
Develop a few simple tests and embed them into some questions (perhaps an inital registration script that loads upon first run) to find each value, and then run the numbers based on the above equation.
Or just have a grad student do it for you!
Use self-organizing maps for clustering.
These work well with the visualization needs that you and your group have as well for the upcoming project; search the Web for the Kohonen learning algorithm and apply a simple summation over each term in the respective vector, remembering to square each quantity as well.
This way, the topological view of your program's user interface will be well-refined, easy to navigate, and of a very high resolution (for CRTs, at least -- LCD monitors refresh too quickly and you may get relics [blurs] from high-oscillating models).
The whole reason that the Internet was created stemmed from the need for a communications system that's global in scale and dependable and durable enought to withstand any natural or not-so-natural (read: nuclear) disaster that takes place.
In the case of sending and receiving email via radio waves, one must be aware that the electric fields from the equipment can be so high that spontaneous glow discharges can be produced by any metal object within six inches of the routers, and fluorescent tubes can be lit up anywhere in the surrounding room without being contacted.
The RF energy being generated is probably so immense and so poorly defined in frequency that probably all air-traffic communications must be jammed for a few miles around when this news system is operating.
The range of frequencies over which the electromagnetic spectrum is used in radio transmission is between about 3 kHz and 300 GHz.
What the article doesn't talk much about is how these waves are actually transmitted. And as science buffs, we're all probably intelligent and curious enough to read a bit about the details of such a feat as this. It may seem complex at first, but it's nothing but physics, which is nothing more than a few algebra rules that most of you learned back in 9th grade.
The simplest approach to describing radio wave propagation is to solve for the index of refraction h = (m e)1/2, where m is the magnetic permeability (1.25664 x 10-6 H m-1) and e is the dielectric constant.
The index of refraction, in turn, describes the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction through Snell's Law.
To put it simply, all that that mumbo-jumbo really shows is that there's a finite maximum usable frequency (MUF) that will reflect off the ionosphere and allow still higher frequencies to pass through relatively unchanged.
Bottom line -- email rocks.
This is one way in which you just know that the Mozilla developers are at the top of their field(s) -- deciding to go with XML full-fledged (several years ago, too) was one of the greatest decisions they've made so far. The XUL interface, which is basically XML-based at its core, is about as flexible as one can get with the UI experience.
Furthermore, and of particular interest to someone like myself, the XML format offers a number of advantages for computational physics: clear markup of input data and results, standardized data formats, and easier exchange and archival stability of data.
I will definitely use a few dollars of grant money to purchase this book and keep it in the labs for all to read and enjoy.
My collegues and I refuse to carry mobile phones despite the number of emergency-type situations we often find ourselves in. Based on a few simple Blender-3D models I threw together during my a couple of lunch breaks, the analysis of how electromagnetic radiation absorbed by the body affects the shape and orientation of our cells is nothing short of frightening.
So, this news that Opera can allow for Web browsing via mobile phones in a more functional and advanced manner isn't very important to folks like me who wish to avoid getting cancer (radiation from 900 to 2450 MHz -- the range we are exposed to by mobile phones, microwave ovens, and police and air-traffic radar -- has been proven to be deadly in lab studies with smaller mammals as the patients).
So, just some advice from one physicist to his fellow geeks -- think before you buy that snazzy new phone (with Opera software, perhaps) because you'd almost be better off taking up a less-dangerous habit such as smoking fags (known as "cigarettes" in the states, I believe).
As you probably know, OpenSSH is largely relient upon the mathematical superiority of RSA encryption techniques. The ability to work with secure shell environments on remote computers has been an absolute god-send since all of the holes in telnet implementations surfaced.
K sN0[lN*1lK[d2%Sa2/d0
To make a long story short, a few fellow grad students and I spent a rainy Saturday morning working on the most simple implementaiton of RSA possible, and our end result is quite interesting to any budding math or computer science students. The best part is that it's written in Perl (hey, we needed the most powerful language!) and only requires a simple, widely-available arithmetic library.
The code:
print pack"C*",split/\D+/,`echo "16iII*o\U@{$/=$z;[(pop,pop,unpack"H*",
)]}\EsMs
The beauty of expressing something that's so utterly complex through such a wonderfully simple and sexy solution (via Perl, even!) is what truly makes OpenSSH's use of RSA great.
Of course, be sure to stay on top of updates as the occasional security hole is unearthed -- no matter what system you're responsible, any administrator is a bad administrator if he or she doesn't read bug reports and security advisories and take the necessary precautions via standard upgrade cycles.
Happy shelling!
Semiconductor p-n junctions are the basis for LEDs and, when made into optical cavities, for diode lasers. Therefore, this may or may not yield increased resolutions, as anyone who's had a physics class or two could easily derive based on the known and accepted value of Planck's constant.
The radiative transitions in semiconductors could prove to interfere with the overall user experience, thus the intensity of light emission processes in direct band gap materials is several times lower in magnitude than in direct band gap semiconductors.
Bottom line -- don't buy one yet!