The Z80 was an upwardly compatible extension/clone of the 8080A. The Z80 was designed by Federico Faggin at Zylog after he left Intel. Faggin had previously designed the 8080 when he was at Intel. So the Z80 is a derivative, not "in between" any of the Intel CPUs. Interestingly, Zylog licensed the Z80 design royalty free creating a robust second source market. Z80s dominated the 8-bit CPU market in the late 1970s.
If you specify it in computations performed per Watt of electricity consumed, Moore's law essentially ened or at least slowed considerably several years ago. The DEC Alpha made a big impression because the motherboard shipped with a heat sink on the CPU (the original "hot" CPU!). Used to be that a 230 Watt power supply was considered "server class". Now you can buy desktops with kilowatt power supplies.
This answers a literally weighty question. The NY Times reported that the ashes of 208 individuals were on board. At a kilo per person, that is quite a payload. On the otherhand, if all they were launching was a flake of remains per person, it could be well you know, only a few grams.
Actually, the private space industry is as active today as it has ever been despite decades of failed companies. But the Wall Street Journal reports that SpaceX has received several hundred million dollars of taxpayer investment that is now being reconsidered. Military planners had anticipated using the company's Falcon family of launchers to boost smaller, less-expensive satellites. NASA has a partnership with SpaceX to develop a rocket to resupply the International Space Station.
The New York Time reports that the rocket was also carrying the ashes of 208 people who had paid to have their remains shot into space, including the astronaut Gordon Cooper and the actor James Doohan, who played Montgomery "Scotty" Scott, the wily engineer on the original "Star Trek" television series.
The fallacy is the perception that there can anonymity on the Internet. Earlier this year, a woman was accused of violating Federal law by using a fake MySpace name. If you make false and injurious comments, it really does not matter if you try to hide behind a fake user name.
Agree that the assumption of independence is a big assumption and ignores much that we have learned about human population structure. For example, the Portuguese population in Eastern Massachusetts migrated through the Azores and went through a major population bottleneck. As a consequence, a DNA sample from an Eastern Mass Portuguese person is likely to share many alleles with any DNA from a person of similar ancestry. Of course, the police might erroneously assume that a witness saying it appeared to be a Portuguese person is independent corroboration of the DNA match when in fact the DNA match may only be saying that the original sample was from somone of Portuguese descent, especially if this is a local or statewide database.
Note: I only use Eastern Mass Portuguese as an example. The more we learn about human population genomics, the more we realize that there are many subpopultations that tend to stay isolated from the general population, e.g. various Native American tribes, the Eastern Mass Portuguese, various Amish populations etc.
So what you are saying is that a new sample has a 1 in 19,000 chance (6e6/1.13e11) of finding a match in CODIS at random, even though this is a new sample not present in the database. With thousands of police departments nationwide running samples against CODIS every week, false matches like this may occur frequently. If the consequence is that an innocent person is charged or even convicted of rape or murder, this is frightening.
There is a big difference between telling a lay jury "this match had a one in a 113 billion chance of occurring at random" versus "this is an event that occurs randomly on a routine basis." Non-statisticians have a hard time getting their head around the concept of correction for multiple hypothesis testing.
The real problem is that the FBI match criteria were developed years ago when the CODIS database was small compared to its current size, and these criteria have not been updated in light of growth in the database and new technology. Using state-of-the-art genotyping technology, it should be possible to design a test with a small chance of a false positive match even if the database contained the entire US population.
Give me a break - the medical community is enthusiastic to the point being mesmerized by personalized medicine. Consumers need to worry about the "self fulfilling monopoly" aspects of personalized therapy. Once you have spent a lot of time and money diagnosing your unique disorder, the drug company offering you a customized treatment effectively has no competition. There is a good chance that they will charge painfully exorbitant prices. Look at recently released cancer drugs like Avastin, treatment costs $90k per patient per year!
The real issue is demonstrating that these strategies are effective when the specific treatments are only being given to a single patient. Hard to design an objective clinical trial validating efficacy under those conditions. The fate of personalized medicine is truly in the hands of the FDA.
P.S. Agree completely with the comments that this "how to" article is infeasible and written by someone with serious misunderstandings of the technology and underlying science.
Wonder how thoroughly they disinfected the Mars landers before launch. The Earth has a rich soil and subterranean ecosystem so even if Mars has no ozone layer, there are plenty of hospitable places where a microbe could live. And of course, there would not be any natural predators to keep an invasive species in check. Just think, NASA may just have conducted their boldest experiment ever.
Instead of everyone hiring their own designer and doing a one off solution, go for the data center in a shipping container. Cost you less than the architects will charge you for thr building design, and a proper industrial design can make the HVAC more efficient and save lots of $$ in the long run.
This is a strategy to eliminate DVR recording as fair use. First they get the right to block the recording of recently released HD movies, then they blur the definition of HD, and pretty soon they are claiming that they should be able to block pretty much any DVR recording...
The image of a journal as dusty hardcopy on a shelf is out of date for the vast majority of academic publications. Reviews are now handled in days or weeks and electronic preprints appear within hours or days of acceptance. The vast majority of readers access the content electronically.
Peer reviewed academic journals serve the same purpose they always have. They provide high quality information and disseminate scientific knowledge.
Note that all US mobile carriers are required to track or have the ability to track phone location to comply with the 911 laws.
Key issue in the US is whether cell phone location falls under "common carrier" or "business record" legal status. If it is covered by "common carrier", then like the contents of your conversation, you have an expectation of privacy, police need a warrant to obtain the information and the cell phone company can not sell or use the information for other purposes.
If phone location is regarded as a "business record" you don't have any of those protections. Many of the fancy personalized advertising models depend on the phone companies ability to "publish" your location. Billions of dollars in potential profit are at stake here so do not make assumptions, but the potential for abuse is enormous.
Agree, just say NO. If they absolutely insist, replicate the tables that they need to see to a second server.
BTW have they offered to pay for all of the consulting time that they are going to request in understanding your schema and formulating their queries? Has management planned on the increase in personnel that your team is going to need to respond to these requests?
Finally, if you expose the schema to outside users, you are effectively making this your API. If you want to change your schema in the future, you are going to be breaking all of the legacy queries that you customers have written.
Of course there are also all of those Flash ads that continue to run even when the browser tab that they are on is not visible. They continue to consume CPU and electricity so they are also adding to your power bill. You think I am joking, but if you are like me, you may have a dozen tabs open at any given time and each of those pages may have several active graphics items on them. Adds up.
Good reason to run FireFox and AdBlock or FlashBlock. Even better, turn your PC off when you are not using it.
I was cleaning the basement and found an old copy of the New York Times. Still readable after a decade in storage and I didn't recharge it once. Amazing battery life:)
The article you cite says he considered collision with an earth satellite, not a gravitational slingshot. Which is it? Gives new meaning to the implications of space junk.
Also not mentioned is the fact that SES is already suing Boeing which seems to have something to do with Boeing's reluctance to let them use their own invention. I know you want to grab attention with the post, but you have to convey the whole story.
Two major reasons the ECPA privacy protections do not apply. First, computer communications fall under Title II of the ECPA, the Stored Communications Act (SCA) which provides much weaker protections. For example, no warrant is required for the police to monitor or record computer communications whereas a warrant is required for either a telephone wiretap or even a pen recording (record of who you called).
Second, ISPs are not regarded as common carriers whereas local telephone companies are. The rational is that telcos operate as government granted monopolies and must therefore be subject to special regulation. Back in the day when we all connected to our ISP using a telephone line and modem, the ISP space was competitive and common carrier status did not apply. These days, in most regions there are only one or a small number of broad band ISPs and in many cases these are near monopolies because they are using infrastructure built under telco and cable TV monopoly franchises.
The whole net neutrality debate has further muddied the waters on whether ISPs are common carriers. The law governing privacy of electronic communications
is anything but clear.
There is also a history of case law holding that email is not private and that employers are free to monitor email.
Read the original Baum and Welch paper. Ever wonder why "Baum, Gaines, Petrie and Simons "Probabilistic models for stock market behavior. To appear." never appeared. Check out James Simons.
What ever happened to "A government of the people, by the people and for the people"? Get involved, and stay involved. As Adlai Stevenson (who??) said, "In a democracy, people get the government they deserve."
Slashdot Mirror
The Z80 was an upwardly compatible extension/clone of the 8080A. The Z80 was designed by Federico Faggin at Zylog after he left Intel. Faggin had previously designed the 8080 when he was at Intel. So the Z80 is a derivative, not "in between" any of the Intel CPUs. Interestingly, Zylog licensed the Z80 design royalty free creating a robust second source market. Z80s dominated the 8-bit CPU market in the late 1970s.
If you specify it in computations performed per Watt of electricity consumed, Moore's law essentially ened or at least slowed considerably several years ago. The DEC Alpha made a big impression because the motherboard shipped with a heat sink on the CPU (the original "hot" CPU!). Used to be that a 230 Watt power supply was considered "server class". Now you can buy desktops with kilowatt power supplies.
This answers a literally weighty question. The NY Times reported that the ashes of 208 individuals were on board. At a kilo per person, that is quite a payload. On the otherhand, if all they were launching was a flake of remains per person, it could be well you know, only a few grams.
Tell your followers to subscribe to your opponents blogs and mailing lists
Wait for a big event
Put out your press release
Tell all of your follows to hit the "This is SPAM" button on all of the opposition blogs and mailing lists
Voila - your message goes out and the opposition is silenced for at least few days until they get their mailing lists and blogs back on line.
Actually, the private space industry is as active today as it has ever been despite decades of failed companies. But the Wall Street Journal reports that SpaceX has received several hundred million dollars of taxpayer investment that is now being reconsidered. Military planners had anticipated using the company's Falcon family of launchers to boost smaller, less-expensive satellites. NASA has a partnership with SpaceX to develop a rocket to resupply the International Space Station.
The New York Time reports that the rocket was also carrying the ashes of 208 people who had paid to have their remains shot into space, including the astronaut Gordon Cooper and the actor James Doohan, who played Montgomery "Scotty" Scott, the wily engineer on the original "Star Trek" television series.
The fallacy is the perception that there can anonymity on the Internet. Earlier this year, a woman was accused of violating Federal law by using a fake MySpace name. If you make false and injurious comments, it really does not matter if you try to hide behind a fake user name.
Agree that the assumption of independence is a big assumption and ignores much that we have learned about human population structure. For example, the Portuguese population in Eastern Massachusetts migrated through the Azores and went through a major population bottleneck. As a consequence, a DNA sample from an Eastern Mass Portuguese person is likely to share many alleles with any DNA from a person of similar ancestry. Of course, the police might erroneously assume that a witness saying it appeared to be a Portuguese person is independent corroboration of the DNA match when in fact the DNA match may only be saying that the original sample was from somone of Portuguese descent, especially if this is a local or statewide database.
Note: I only use Eastern Mass Portuguese as an example. The more we learn about human population genomics, the more we realize that there are many subpopultations that tend to stay isolated from the general population, e.g. various Native American tribes, the Eastern Mass Portuguese, various Amish populations etc.
So what you are saying is that a new sample has a 1 in 19,000 chance (6e6/1.13e11) of finding a match in CODIS at random, even though this is a new sample not present in the database. With thousands of police departments nationwide running samples against CODIS every week, false matches like this may occur frequently. If the consequence is that an innocent person is charged or even convicted of rape or murder, this is frightening.
There is a big difference between telling a lay jury "this match had a one in a 113 billion chance of occurring at random" versus "this is an event that occurs randomly on a routine basis." Non-statisticians have a hard time getting their head around the concept of correction for multiple hypothesis testing.
The real problem is that the FBI match criteria were developed years ago when the CODIS database was small compared to its current size, and these criteria have not been updated in light of growth in the database and new technology. Using state-of-the-art genotyping technology, it should be possible to design a test with a small chance of a false positive match even if the database contained the entire US population.
Give me a break - the medical community is enthusiastic to the point being mesmerized by personalized medicine. Consumers need to worry about the "self fulfilling monopoly" aspects of personalized therapy. Once you have spent a lot of time and money diagnosing your unique disorder, the drug company offering you a customized treatment effectively has no competition. There is a good chance that they will charge painfully exorbitant prices. Look at recently released cancer drugs like Avastin, treatment costs $90k per patient per year!
The real issue is demonstrating that these strategies are effective when the specific treatments are only being given to a single patient. Hard to design an objective clinical trial validating efficacy under those conditions. The fate of personalized medicine is truly in the hands of the FDA.
P.S. Agree completely with the comments that this "how to" article is infeasible and written by someone with serious misunderstandings of the technology and underlying science.
Well let's really put it into perspective.
Annual sales of Microsoft Windows, $8b
Annual sales of popcorn in the US, $1b
One day in Iraq, $300M.
Sending an intelligent lander to Mars and establishing that it could support life, priceless.
Wonder how thoroughly they disinfected the Mars landers before launch. The Earth has a rich soil and subterranean ecosystem so even if Mars has no ozone layer, there are plenty of hospitable places where a microbe could live. And of course, there would not be any natural predators to keep an invasive species in check. Just think, NASA may just have conducted their boldest experiment ever.
Instead of everyone hiring their own designer and doing a one off solution, go for the data center in a shipping container. Cost you less than the architects will charge you for thr building design, and a proper industrial design can make the HVAC more efficient and save lots of $$ in the long run.
This is a strategy to eliminate DVR recording as fair use. First they get the right to block the recording of recently released HD movies, then they blur the definition of HD, and pretty soon they are claiming that they should be able to block pretty much any DVR recording...
Just say no. Personal use is fair use.
The image of a journal as dusty hardcopy on a shelf is out of date for the vast majority of academic publications. Reviews are now handled in days or weeks and electronic preprints appear within hours or days of acceptance. The vast majority of readers access the content electronically.
Peer reviewed academic journals serve the same purpose they always have. They provide high quality information and disseminate scientific knowledge.
Note that all US mobile carriers are required to track or have the ability to track phone location to comply with the 911 laws.
Key issue in the US is whether cell phone location falls under "common carrier" or "business record" legal status. If it is covered by "common carrier", then like the contents of your conversation, you have an expectation of privacy, police need a warrant to obtain the information and the cell phone company can not sell or use the information for other purposes.
If phone location is regarded as a "business record" you don't have any of those protections. Many of the fancy personalized advertising models depend on the phone companies ability to "publish" your location. Billions of dollars in potential profit are at stake here so do not make assumptions, but the potential for abuse is enormous.
Agree, just say NO. If they absolutely insist, replicate the tables that they need to see to a second server.
BTW have they offered to pay for all of the consulting time that they are going to request in understanding your schema and formulating their queries? Has management planned on the increase in personnel that your team is going to need to respond to these requests?
Finally, if you expose the schema to outside users, you are effectively making this your API. If you want to change your schema in the future, you are going to be breaking all of the legacy queries that you customers have written.
Of course there are also all of those Flash ads that continue to run even when the browser tab that they are on is not visible. They continue to consume CPU and electricity so they are also adding to your power bill. You think I am joking, but if you are like me, you may have a dozen tabs open at any given time and each of those pages may have several active graphics items on them. Adds up.
:)
Good reason to run FireFox and AdBlock or FlashBlock. Even better, turn your PC off when you are not using it.
I was cleaning the basement and found an old copy of the New York Times. Still readable after a decade in storage and I didn't recharge it once. Amazing battery life
The article you cite says he considered collision with an earth satellite, not a gravitational slingshot. Which is it? Gives new meaning to the implications of space junk.
Also not mentioned is the fact that SES is already suing Boeing which seems to have something to do with Boeing's reluctance to let them use their own invention. I know you want to grab attention with the post, but you have to convey the whole story.
Artificial reefs have not been a universal success. The State of Florida is spending millions to clean up dumped tires from the Osborne Reef.
Second, ISPs are not regarded as common carriers whereas local telephone companies are. The rational is that telcos operate as government granted monopolies and must therefore be subject to special regulation. Back in the day when we all connected to our ISP using a telephone line and modem, the ISP space was competitive and common carrier status did not apply. These days, in most regions there are only one or a small number of broad band ISPs and in many cases these are near monopolies because they are using infrastructure built under telco and cable TV monopoly franchises.
The whole net neutrality debate has further muddied the waters on whether ISPs are common carriers. The law governing privacy of electronic communications is anything but clear.
There is also a history of case law holding that email is not private and that employers are free to monitor email.
Read the original Baum and Welch paper. Ever wonder why "Baum, Gaines, Petrie and Simons "Probabilistic models for stock market behavior. To appear." never appeared. Check out James Simons.
Some of us do not use Google mail or Google desktop search for exactly the reasons you give.
What ever happened to "A government of the people, by the people and for the people"? Get involved, and stay involved. As Adlai Stevenson (who??) said, "In a democracy, people get the government they deserve."