If card doesn't have a private key, then it's a subject to replay attacks.
I.e. you can dump the card's answer and then replay it. Having a personal private key on each card is not a risk because PK never leaves the card and should be protected by hardware counter-measures.
"Helping behaviour is not "good for the community" because evolution doesn't select for communities, it almost always selects for individuals or very, very closely related individuals--families at best, not communities in anything remotely resembling the usual sense of the word "community"."
Traits ARE selected on a 'good for community' basis. Remember, evolution operates on the level of the whole species. Individuals do not evolve, species do.
I.e. if you have a community of egoistic bastards who will kill their own kin instead of helping them, then this community is likely to be wiped out in case of a disaster.
Compare this to a community of altruists helping each other - they'll have a higher probability to survive a disaster, even though some individuals may die. So the genome of altruistic community will be more viable. In other words, individuals surrounded by altruists are more likely to survive.
Tabu-behaviors are another similar thing. For example, in wolf packs only "alpha" (sometimes "beta" and "gamma") males/females mate, so only the most robust genes pass to the next generations. Even though it's detrimental for individual wolfs (who do not get a chance to mate).
So, go and read books. I highly recommend Dawkins' "Egoistic Gene".
Parent is not a flaimbait. NewScientist is definitely "new stupidist" in this article.
For example, it's clear that altruism is generally good for the community (even though it might be detrimental to an individual), thus it makes perfect sense that we've evolved it. Same for blushing.
Moscow had zero power in Checnya after signing this accord. As a result, Chechens performed public executions in Grozny, kidnapped people for ransom, etc.
And three years later Chechens invaded a neighbor region (Dagestan). That's how the Second Chechen War started.
Neither cards nor verification hardware require the master private key to be present.
Just like SSL, in a good implementation of ID cards each card is issued its own private and public keys, signed by the root private key (which is kept in secrecy). Then ID card uses this PK to encrypt communications. Verification hardware only needs the root public key to check that the ID card is legit.
My programs constantly changing, forming new connections and interacting with internal, external and computing stimuli.
When I write "a=b" it doesn't require CPU to move the actual hardware memory cell from one place to another. If I write "int &a = b" it doesn't require CPU to create real wires to bind the value of memory cell holding "a" to memory cell holding "b".
Why do you think the same principles can't be applied to brain emulation? We can't rewire hardware, but we have another quite effective ways to simulate rewiring.
Of course, we'll probably have to create a much more parallel architecture for brain simulator because otherwise we'll hit CPU-RAM bottleneck. But I don't really think that it's absolutely impossible.
Protozoa are simple, they just have a number of triggers with some memory. It can be hard to determine all of them but once you're done, it should be simple to simulate them.
And neurons are studied quite well enough. So far we don't see any 'superintelligent' behavior from simple neurons. There are subtle things that we might have missed (like recently discovered neurotransmitter spillover), but are they essential?
Personally, I think that we might be able to simulate brain. It will probably require several more breakthroughs, but I'd bet it will be possible.
Have you read what I quoted? He issued this decree to kill the remnants of 'paganism' - a religious reason. The use of Christianity to solidify personal power is even more telling of the nature of religion.
And of course, if Muslims really had burnt the library, then it changes little enough. Religion was still a force stifling science throughout the ages. It still is.
In fact, the Arab world is another great example. They got a huge head-start early in the history and then just squandered it. Right now, the Arabic world is divided into two groups: 1) Poor uneducated countries. 2) Rich countries, hating science (there are ten _times_ less science papers per capita in the Arab world then in the East).
"In 391, Christian Emperor Theodosius I ordered the destruction of all "pagan" (non-Christian) temples, and the Christian Patriarch Theophilus of Alexandria complied with this request."
As far as I know, this is the most plausible version. Because Theodosius' decree is corroborated by other sources.
And the story of Caliph Umar is most probably a hoax.
But scholars at these universities only engaged in intellectual masturbation (i.e. religion). They produced ZERO useful results. Literally zero. Oh, and they even failed to preserve antic texts, overwriting old parchments with stupid prayers.
And what about the Library of Alexandria? It was destroyed by Christians.
"Progress" can deliver enough fuel for station-keeping, they don't require that much of it.
Consumables and spare parts are another matter. But if number of people on the station is decreased, then it can be supported long enough for Shuttle replacement.
Russia has solid CPU designs which are used (unsurprisingly) in military hardware and other special applications. For example, these beauties: http://www.mcst.ru/22-23.htm are nearly indestructible. So there's expertise.
However, so far Russia lacks expertise required to create fabs.
"If we can build a platform into space or beam the energy down from space based collectors, The worlds energy needs will be met. That is a huge, very huge if though."
Why would you do this? Solar flux is not significantly different from Earth-level in the near space.
Slashdot Mirror
If card doesn't have a private key, then it's a subject to replay attacks.
I.e. you can dump the card's answer and then replay it. Having a personal private key on each card is not a risk because PK never leaves the card and should be protected by hardware counter-measures.
"Helping behaviour is not "good for the community" because evolution doesn't select for communities, it almost always selects for individuals or very, very closely related individuals--families at best, not communities in anything remotely resembling the usual sense of the word "community"."
Read my answer here: http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=1329789&cid=28995643
Traits ARE selected on a 'good for community' basis. Remember, evolution operates on the level of the whole species. Individuals do not evolve, species do.
I.e. if you have a community of egoistic bastards who will kill their own kin instead of helping them, then this community is likely to be wiped out in case of a disaster.
Compare this to a community of altruists helping each other - they'll have a higher probability to survive a disaster, even though some individuals may die. So the genome of altruistic community will be more viable. In other words, individuals surrounded by altruists are more likely to survive.
Tabu-behaviors are another similar thing. For example, in wolf packs only "alpha" (sometimes "beta" and "gamma") males/females mate, so only the most robust genes pass to the next generations. Even though it's detrimental for individual wolfs (who do not get a chance to mate).
So, go and read books. I highly recommend Dawkins' "Egoistic Gene".
Not a problem :)
I like when someone helps to hone my English skills.
Parent is not a flaimbait. NewScientist is definitely "new stupidist" in this article.
For example, it's clear that altruism is generally good for the community (even though it might be detrimental to an individual), thus it makes perfect sense that we've evolved it. Same for blushing.
Etc.
"Cyxymu" is actually a Russian word "Sukhumi" written using Latin symbols which are written almost like Cyrillic letters.
C is "S"
"y" is "u" as in "zulu"
"x" is "kh"
"m" is "m"
"u" is "ee"
A newsflash:
CHECHNYA WAS GIVEN A FUCKING INDEPENDENCE!
Yes, you read it correctly. Moscow gave Chechnya a de-facto independence after the Budenovsk massacre. Read about it: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khasav-Yurt_Accord
Moscow had zero power in Checnya after signing this accord. As a result, Chechens performed public executions in Grozny, kidnapped people for ransom, etc.
And three years later Chechens invaded a neighbor region (Dagestan). That's how the Second Chechen War started.
So, please, read history.
Neither cards nor verification hardware require the master private key to be present.
Just like SSL, in a good implementation of ID cards each card is issued its own private and public keys, signed by the root private key (which is kept in secrecy). Then ID card uses this PK to encrypt communications. Verification hardware only needs the root public key to check that the ID card is legit.
Even several more orders of magnitude still place the amount within our reach.
And I doubt that brain really requires such amount of state to simulate it.
220000 trillion bits is just about 2^58.
We can store this amount even NOW.
Of course, the real problem is much more complex. But we know that it CAN be solved by an object of 1 kg consuming less than 100W of power.
My programs constantly changing, forming new connections and interacting with internal, external and computing stimuli.
When I write "a=b" it doesn't require CPU to move the actual hardware memory cell from one place to another. If I write "int &a = b" it doesn't require CPU to create real wires to bind the value of memory cell holding "a" to memory cell holding "b".
Why do you think the same principles can't be applied to brain emulation? We can't rewire hardware, but we have another quite effective ways to simulate rewiring.
Of course, we'll probably have to create a much more parallel architecture for brain simulator because otherwise we'll hit CPU-RAM bottleneck. But I don't really think that it's absolutely impossible.
Protozoa are simple, they just have a number of triggers with some memory. It can be hard to determine all of them but once you're done, it should be simple to simulate them.
And neurons are studied quite well enough. So far we don't see any 'superintelligent' behavior from simple neurons. There are subtle things that we might have missed (like recently discovered neurotransmitter spillover), but are they essential?
Personally, I think that we might be able to simulate brain. It will probably require several more breakthroughs, but I'd bet it will be possible.
I prefer uncoated glass lenses, so it's not a problem for me.
But you're correct, of course. Ethanol may damage plastics.
Also, anhydrous alcohol is very useful, it doesn't leave stains and washes dust easily.
Have you read what I quoted? He issued this decree to kill the remnants of 'paganism' - a religious reason. The use of Christianity to solidify personal power is even more telling of the nature of religion.
And of course, if Muslims really had burnt the library, then it changes little enough. Religion was still a force stifling science throughout the ages. It still is.
In fact, the Arab world is another great example. They got a huge head-start early in the history and then just squandered it. Right now, the Arabic world is divided into two groups:
1) Poor uneducated countries.
2) Rich countries, hating science (there are ten _times_ less science papers per capita in the Arab world then in the East).
Have you read what you've quoted?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Alexandria#Decree_of_Theodosius.2C_destruction_by_Theophilus_in_391
"In 391, Christian Emperor Theodosius I ordered the destruction of all "pagan" (non-Christian) temples, and the Christian Patriarch Theophilus of Alexandria complied with this request."
As far as I know, this is the most plausible version. Because Theodosius' decree is corroborated by other sources.
And the story of Caliph Umar is most probably a hoax.
Yes, the church built several universities.
But scholars at these universities only engaged in intellectual masturbation (i.e. religion). They produced ZERO useful results. Literally zero. Oh, and they even failed to preserve antic texts, overwriting old parchments with stupid prayers.
And what about the Library of Alexandria? It was destroyed by Christians.
"Progress" can deliver enough fuel for station-keeping, they don't require that much of it.
Consumables and spare parts are another matter. But if number of people on the station is decreased, then it can be supported long enough for Shuttle replacement.
Yes, sounds about right.
Russia has solid CPU designs which are used (unsurprisingly) in military hardware and other special applications. For example, these beauties: http://www.mcst.ru/22-23.htm are nearly indestructible. So there's expertise.
However, so far Russia lacks expertise required to create fabs.
Mod parent up, it's definitely NOT a troll.
So it's real, after all?
Glasses rule!
They protect eyes and with photochromic lenses you won't need separate sunglasses.
Also, you can get some time to think by taking off glasses and slowly wiping them, when you're asked a question.
"If we can build a platform into space or beam the energy down from space based collectors, The worlds energy needs will be met. That is a huge, very huge if though."
Why would you do this? Solar flux is not significantly different from Earth-level in the near space.
Right now, the only suitable infrastructure for such delegation is DNS. And it's horribly insecure for such things.
Fortunately, it'll become possible with DNSSEC. Indeed, there are groups working on certificate delegation via DNS.
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F10467%2F33214%2F01565268.pdf%3Farnumber%3D1565268&authDecision=-203