Both Chung and Chang are common spelling adopted in Taiwan. In mainland China and Singapore, where people use Hanyu Pinyin, Chung is spelt as Zhong and Chang as Zhang.
These so-called espionage cases are often used as a political tool to shift focus from domestic issues. Generally the truth doesn't matter. People will lose their interest quickly before the case reaches court. Few ever cared Wen Ho Lee was innocent, because he's a Chinese American (from Taiwan as well).
The American public is forgetful enough when the truth comes out. As long as the headlines are sensational, it makes not difference whether the whole thing makes sense or not.
Well, after all, China is THE ENEMY. Americans just need AN ENEMY, don't they?
I generally agree with you on this. If you read my post carefully, you'll find my point is actually against putting sheer amount of memory on the same die as the processor core.
You just emphasised the cost of doing so, while my post is basically saying the performance benefit of this approach is minimum.
So an 8086 clocked at Core 2 speeds would only be slower by perhaps a factor of 10 or 20 in the average case.
Although it may seem strange why people would reimplement an 8086 on today's technology, I perfectly understand your point, if you mean by having more parallel execution units we'll have more raw processing power. However, now consider how to harness that power? Turning a serially programmed chunk of code into a few hundred parallel pieces to run on these primitive processors is sometimes more difficult than designing a complex processor from scratch. In many applications, such level of parallelism doesn't even exist.
Even for those highly parallel applications, you'll still have to face the memory system bottleneck. This is not a result of von Neumann architecture, but a inherent property of modern memory devices, such as SRAM and DRAM etc. In fact, cache is common in modern processors, even those with a Harvard architecture have it too.
Given today's 45nm technology, it's not really that hard to put massive amount of memory on die. The problem is however, memory at such density is not going to run nearly at the same speed as the CPU core. Therefore making the integration pointless.
Generally for a type of memory, the larger its capacity, the larger its latency becomes and the smaller the throughput you'll get from it. A memory hierarchy is sometimes seen as a solution to reduce memory system cost, but more fundamentally, as silicon technologies evolve, it also reflects an inherent characteristic of memories - either large or fast, you can't have it both ways.
In the first place, as someone who has presumably had a course on computer architecture, you'd know that even a non-pipelined processor can reasonably execute one half to one instruction per clock cycle. With each core on the Core 2 duo issuing up to 4 instructions per clock cycle, the MIPS of those little cores would be closer to 1/8 to 1/4 that of Core 2 Duo core. The 1/10000th figure you suggest is off by at least 3 orders of magnitude.
Things do not simply add up like that. The key advantage about pipelining is to increase throughput, usually at the cost of execution latency. That is to say, with 14 stage pipeline, the clock to clock throughput of a pipelined single issue core will have a peak performance 14 times as fast as the un-pipelined design.
The other added benefit of pipelining is that by breaking a complex logic into simpler stages, each pipeline stage could work at higher frequency. 10 times the clock rate in the 14-stage pipeline is not too far off the reality. So here we go, an idealized speed-up of 140 for a single issue core as we consider ONLY the pipelining boost. Modern desktop processors often employ other techniques to exploit parallelism, such as superscalar, out-of-order execution, SIMD, and SMT(simultaneous multi-threading), etc.
Of course, more precise CPI (clock per cycle) calculation is far more complex than that. At most of the time, CPUs don't run at its full speed. There are always bottlenecks a computer architect tries to eliminate. The memory wall being one of the biggest issue.
With all the above calculations, I agree, it still gets nowhere near the 10k speed-up, although much larger than your 8 or 4 times faster argument. However, consider that the 5000-transistor CPU Tanenbaum referred to is probably Intel 8086, the 1/10000 performance difference to Core 2 Duo is actually quite true.
As to the poor people in other countries, here's an idea: fix your own damn county instead of piggy-backing on the USA.
I'm sure a lot people would more than love to, if only the US and other developed countries could stop wrecking their countries' economy through unfair trade and destablizing their governments in all kinds of pretext, by means of unscrupulous arms trade, CIA-backed coups, and blatant military intervention.
Very few people are born a Sinbad the Sailor. It's always a hard decision to leave their birth place for an unfamiliar country, where discrimination is expected and effort to earn a decent life is at least a few times more than the locals. The immigrants also have families they hate to leave behind, but has to bid farewell to, for the oppotunity to support them by working hard in another country.
As to the poor locals fear of immigrants, here's an idea: fix your "democratic" government through your votes so that the poor countries could have a chance to develop their own economy.
Get your facts straight first if you want convince people you actually know what you're talking about.
The population of Taiwan IS about 23 million at the moment, minus 2 million mainland immigrants - that's 1 million. Are you saying after 60 some years since Japan handed back Taiwan to Chiang's government after WWII, the net population growth is only 1 million?
If the KMT government was so bad as to cause the population stop growing, how come its economy took off and became one of the Asian Dragons, together with Hong Kong, Korea and Singapore, since the 80s?
The February 28 Incident was a very complicate historical event happened in a very difficult times. To say it was the mainlanders killing Taiwanese is too much oversimplification. Various elements had played into it, including corruption of the KMT officials, insurgent movement lead by Chinese communists, white terror under the KMT rule and sabotage by surrenderred Japanese colonists. The first 3 were all not unique to Taiwan, hundreds of thousands were killed in the mainland in conflicts between KMT and the communists. In fact, even in that incident along, no less mainlanders were killed than the locals. According to the recent investigation carried out under the current DPP government, who took office in 2000 replacing the KMT, both sides have around 800 casualties. The DPP has long been KMT's political rival and the 228 Incident has always been used as a political weapon against KMT. If there had really been thousands locals killed, it would've been in the investigation report.
The truth about the 228 Incident has been studied very well in the past 20 or so years. Movies have been made about it, scholarly books written and independent investigation carried out. Yet because of the politics inside Taiwan, it has been played into a one-sided story, even as a tool to spread hatred among the voters, in order for some parties to gain advantage in elections.
I'm not trying to explain the whole thing here. It's so much more than what can be explained in a post. What I'm trying to do is to ask you to refrain from making moral judgement based on one-sided statements. History has much more than that.
The other thing I'd like to point out here is that Mao and Chiang are not related by marriage. Mao is married to Jiang Qing. Chiang's wife was Soong May-ling. Sun Yat-sen, on the other hand, did marry Soong May-ling's big sister Soong Ching-ling. This is not such an important fact. But I strongly doubt someone who don't know this would have much creditability in modern Chinese history.
Also, the fact Mao and Chiang were comrade once was because Sun Yat-sen saw USSR as an ally in fighting imperialism and KMT opened its door to accept communist party members as its member. This however ended in 1927 when Chiang started to purge communists and the aftermath of this break-up had dominated the course of Chinese history for over half a century.
"This is an interesting technique that can be a part of a portfolio of technologies to treat PCBs,"
It didn't say this is THE environment friendly way to treat PCBs. But combined with other methods, it could prove more effective. Note this is only research, not meant to be all-encompass solution.
Your argument about the Chinese energy infrastructure is valid though. The reality is China has large coal reserve but not a lot of oil. Now researches are being done to turn coal into oil. I hope development in such fields will one day benefit us all.
Sure, but to generate the heat needed to sustain such high furnace temperature you've got to burn a large amount of fossil fuel. Note the carbon footprint I mentioned.
Also, heavy metals are not consumed by burning. Think about the pollution when it's escaped into the atomosphere.
With all these cost and danger, what have we gain from it? Not much is recycled. We just add tons of greenhouse gas to the planet.
Hi-tech waste being smuggled into China has caused big pollution because the method used to recycle them. Recycling is a generally good thing, but not so if the process actually causes harm to the local residents.
I think those waste exporters in developed countries are rather selfish in moving the problem to China and India, although it comes at no surprise to me in that the west is always doing so and pointing fingers at the developing countries.
The SJTU's researcher is doing a good job. Congratualtions! Keep it up!
Only a small numbers of PCBs are recycled. They are typically put into copper smelters, which risks releasing harmful toxic fumes. Most circuit boards are simply incinerated or thrown into landfill, which releases toxic pollutants such as heavy metals and dioxins into groundwater and the atmosphere.
They're already using the method you suggested and it has problems. Plus, high-temperature furnace has rather large carbon footprint, which in turn accelerates global warming.
Donald Ramsfeld must have also felt this way when his army was being attacked everywhere in Iraq. The Iraqi's really should understand the American's good intention, despite the thousands of Iraqi civilian lives killed by US invasion - collateral damage - that's unavoidable. Plus, Iraqi lives don't worth much compared to our soldiers.
"But look what good we've done to your people. Well, most hasn't happened yet - in fact, we don't know when any is going to happen or at all - but we've helped you get rid of tyrant Saddam. Why are you people so ungrateful!"
The US army has been there for years. If they were to win the hearts and minds of the Iraqis, how come there are more "misguided" than ever?
If, heaven forbids, Iraq was full of thugs in the first place, what good had it done to "free" them from tyranny so that they could kill each other, and American soldiers as well?
The US has no such ambitions and has publicly stated time and again that they have no interest in staying long-term in Iraq.
Let's put the question aside what's the neo-conservatives' real intention. Do you really think the Iraqi will buy this? Has the Bush administration shown any sign of leaving? Don't forget Cheney's recent tough talk against Iran.
It's just like the fact that the French who fought Nazi in WWII are called French resistance but the Iraqis fighting US army should not be called Iraqi resistance, only Iraqi insurgency. Of course, Chechen suicide bombers are surely brave freedom fighters. A palestinian doing the same is a terrorist.
In other news, some Chinese scientist has built a humanoid robot and western conpiracy theorists are accusing China of prepare an attack of the clones!
1. Make a judgement that someone is unethical based on one's own perception.
2. Reinforce the perception with extreme or individual incidents that are in line with that judgement.
3. Dismiss evidences that contradict the judgement or undermine the credibility of it.
4. When the position is not defendable in a debate, use unsubstantiated claim or cite anecdotal evidence.
5. Repeat 2-4 as necessary.
And the statement "Thanks to his parents' intervention and the treatment, he now has life mapped out until he's 84." makes it seem that he was "treated" for more than just being an internet addict.
I have to say this does sound a bit creepy to people who haven't seen a typical Chinese family before. For those who have, this is actually a tongue-in-cheek statement. Chinese parents' love for their kid (no plural because of the one-child policy) is quite unique. They are willing to do anything to make the kid a better future. Anything indeed. The expectation is so high that many kids find it unbearable. The parents actually plan ahead for their kid when he/she is still very young and still tend to take care of everything for him/her in his/her late 20s. All these do in effect kills the child's personal freedom and independence in many cases. But in the name of the child's own good, many are still to realize its harm.
The last thing I'd like to stress again here. Although China is still under the communist party's rule, Chinese parents are just as loving as parents in any other country. I find it really distasteful to demonize everything Chinese just because of the ruling party's unfortunate name. As many have pointed out here, the Chinese government now favours as much capitalism as any country on the planet. It's just that values well established in the west, such as civil liberty, independent jurisdiction, and democracy, have not gain enough ground in the past 30 years of economical achievement.
If one look back in history, similar situations is not hard to find in the western countries, even in not so distant past.
I'm not defending the Internet Censorship. But this story has nothing to do with it. These teenagers are not on the net searching for government sanctioned information. They are addicted to online games, chatrooms, and porn.
The treatment their parents use do look a bit radical. But I can perfectly understand how these parents think. The kid is their only hope in many families and he/she is reduced to a piece of internet junk. What will you do if you're in that position?
Exactly. Why should the US force their morality on the Iranians?
Moral standard is like shifting sands. Slavery used to be acceptable in the US. Just decades ago, racial segregation was THE way of life in many states. Now things have improved a lot and it is certainly not a achievement of some other country's military threat against US.
Comparing one country's morality against that of others is just like a penis size competition. I don't think that really helps things. I believe people's living standard gets better in peace times, not by making war.
Sometimes it's healthy to listen to both sides before making your judgement. The world is a far more complicated place than you think, especially the middle east. I understand there's rare chance for you to hear unfavourable voice to Isreal in the US. President Jimmy Carter's new book might give you a hint what's really going on there.
I'm not against Isreal or the US. In fact, I don't hate Mr Bush. I just find his mate annoying occasionally. It's not my country, why should I bother?
As for Iraq, if you think the Iraqis are better off killing each other every day as we see on the news every night, there's little I can say to you. Saddam's regime is oppressive. Everybody knows that. But a killing is a killing. Either under Saddam's rule or caused by US invasion, it really makes no difference.
No war is purely against evil, like some may want you to believe. But every war is against people. It's the normal people in warring countries who suffer the consequences, no matter how the politicians brand the was as.
Slashdot Mirror
Watchdog.
These so-called espionage cases are often used as a political tool to shift focus from domestic issues. Generally the truth doesn't matter. People will lose their interest quickly before the case reaches court. Few ever cared Wen Ho Lee was innocent, because he's a Chinese American (from Taiwan as well).
The American public is forgetful enough when the truth comes out. As long as the headlines are sensational, it makes not difference whether the whole thing makes sense or not.
Well, after all, China is THE ENEMY. Americans just need AN ENEMY, don't they?
You just emphasised the cost of doing so, while my post is basically saying the performance benefit of this approach is minimum.
Although it may seem strange why people would reimplement an 8086 on today's technology, I perfectly understand your point, if you mean by having more parallel execution units we'll have more raw processing power. However, now consider how to harness that power? Turning a serially programmed chunk of code into a few hundred parallel pieces to run on these primitive processors is sometimes more difficult than designing a complex processor from scratch. In many applications, such level of parallelism doesn't even exist.
Even for those highly parallel applications, you'll still have to face the memory system bottleneck. This is not a result of von Neumann architecture, but a inherent property of modern memory devices, such as SRAM and DRAM etc. In fact, cache is common in modern processors, even those with a Harvard architecture have it too.
Generally for a type of memory, the larger its capacity, the larger its latency becomes and the smaller the throughput you'll get from it. A memory hierarchy is sometimes seen as a solution to reduce memory system cost, but more fundamentally, as silicon technologies evolve, it also reflects an inherent characteristic of memories - either large or fast, you can't have it both ways.
Things do not simply add up like that. The key advantage about pipelining is to increase throughput, usually at the cost of execution latency. That is to say, with 14 stage pipeline, the clock to clock throughput of a pipelined single issue core will have a peak performance 14 times as fast as the un-pipelined design.
The other added benefit of pipelining is that by breaking a complex logic into simpler stages, each pipeline stage could work at higher frequency. 10 times the clock rate in the 14-stage pipeline is not too far off the reality. So here we go, an idealized speed-up of 140 for a single issue core as we consider ONLY the pipelining boost. Modern desktop processors often employ other techniques to exploit parallelism, such as superscalar, out-of-order execution, SIMD, and SMT(simultaneous multi-threading), etc.
Of course, more precise CPI (clock per cycle) calculation is far more complex than that. At most of the time, CPUs don't run at its full speed. There are always bottlenecks a computer architect tries to eliminate. The memory wall being one of the biggest issue.
With all the above calculations, I agree, it still gets nowhere near the 10k speed-up, although much larger than your 8 or 4 times faster argument. However, consider that the 5000-transistor CPU Tanenbaum referred to is probably Intel 8086, the 1/10000 performance difference to Core 2 Duo is actually quite true.
I'm sure a lot people would more than love to, if only the US and other developed countries could stop wrecking their countries' economy through unfair trade and destablizing their governments in all kinds of pretext, by means of unscrupulous arms trade, CIA-backed coups, and blatant military intervention.
Very few people are born a Sinbad the Sailor. It's always a hard decision to leave their birth place for an unfamiliar country, where discrimination is expected and effort to earn a decent life is at least a few times more than the locals. The immigrants also have families they hate to leave behind, but has to bid farewell to, for the oppotunity to support them by working hard in another country.
As to the poor locals fear of immigrants, here's an idea: fix your "democratic" government through your votes so that the poor countries could have a chance to develop their own economy.
The population of Taiwan IS about 23 million at the moment, minus 2 million mainland immigrants - that's 1 million. Are you saying after 60 some years since Japan handed back Taiwan to Chiang's government after WWII, the net population growth is only 1 million?
If the KMT government was so bad as to cause the population stop growing, how come its economy took off and became one of the Asian Dragons, together with Hong Kong, Korea and Singapore, since the 80s?
The February 28 Incident was a very complicate historical event happened in a very difficult times. To say it was the mainlanders killing Taiwanese is too much oversimplification. Various elements had played into it, including corruption of the KMT officials, insurgent movement lead by Chinese communists, white terror under the KMT rule and sabotage by surrenderred Japanese colonists. The first 3 were all not unique to Taiwan, hundreds of thousands were killed in the mainland in conflicts between KMT and the communists. In fact, even in that incident along, no less mainlanders were killed than the locals. According to the recent investigation carried out under the current DPP government, who took office in 2000 replacing the KMT, both sides have around 800 casualties. The DPP has long been KMT's political rival and the 228 Incident has always been used as a political weapon against KMT. If there had really been thousands locals killed, it would've been in the investigation report.
The truth about the 228 Incident has been studied very well in the past 20 or so years. Movies have been made about it, scholarly books written and independent investigation carried out. Yet because of the politics inside Taiwan, it has been played into a one-sided story, even as a tool to spread hatred among the voters, in order for some parties to gain advantage in elections.
I'm not trying to explain the whole thing here. It's so much more than what can be explained in a post. What I'm trying to do is to ask you to refrain from making moral judgement based on one-sided statements. History has much more than that.
The other thing I'd like to point out here is that Mao and Chiang are not related by marriage. Mao is married to Jiang Qing. Chiang's wife was Soong May-ling. Sun Yat-sen, on the other hand, did marry Soong May-ling's big sister Soong Ching-ling. This is not such an important fact. But I strongly doubt someone who don't know this would have much creditability in modern Chinese history.
Also, the fact Mao and Chiang were comrade once was because Sun Yat-sen saw USSR as an ally in fighting imperialism and KMT opened its door to accept communist party members as its member. This however ended in 1927 when Chiang started to purge communists and the aftermath of this break-up had dominated the course of Chinese history for over half a century.
It didn't say this is THE environment friendly way to treat PCBs. But combined with other methods, it could prove more effective. Note this is only research, not meant to be all-encompass solution.
Your argument about the Chinese energy infrastructure is valid though. The reality is China has large coal reserve but not a lot of oil. Now researches are being done to turn coal into oil. I hope development in such fields will one day benefit us all.
Also, heavy metals are not consumed by burning. Think about the pollution when it's escaped into the atomosphere.
With all these cost and danger, what have we gain from it? Not much is recycled. We just add tons of greenhouse gas to the planet.
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-05/2 4/content_445129.htm
Hi-tech waste being smuggled into China has caused big pollution because the method used to recycle them. Recycling is a generally good thing, but not so if the process actually causes harm to the local residents.
I think those waste exporters in developed countries are rather selfish in moving the problem to China and India, although it comes at no surprise to me in that the west is always doing so and pointing fingers at the developing countries.
The SJTU's researcher is doing a good job. Congratualtions! Keep it up!
Only a small numbers of PCBs are recycled. They are typically put into copper smelters, which risks releasing harmful toxic fumes. Most circuit boards are simply incinerated or thrown into landfill, which releases toxic pollutants such as heavy metals and dioxins into groundwater and the atmosphere.
They're already using the method you suggested and it has problems. Plus, high-temperature furnace has rather large carbon footprint, which in turn accelerates global warming.
Donald Ramsfeld must have also felt this way when his army was being attacked everywhere in Iraq. The Iraqi's really should understand the American's good intention, despite the thousands of Iraqi civilian lives killed by US invasion - collateral damage - that's unavoidable. Plus, Iraqi lives don't worth much compared to our soldiers.
"But look what good we've done to your people. Well, most hasn't happened yet - in fact, we don't know when any is going to happen or at all - but we've helped you get rid of tyrant Saddam. Why are you people so ungrateful!"
The US army has been there for years. If they were to win the hearts and minds of the Iraqis, how come there are more "misguided" than ever?
If, heaven forbids, Iraq was full of thugs in the first place, what good had it done to "free" them from tyranny so that they could kill each other, and American soldiers as well?
The US has no such ambitions and has publicly stated time and again that they have no interest in staying long-term in Iraq.
Let's put the question aside what's the neo-conservatives' real intention. Do you really think the Iraqi will buy this? Has the Bush administration shown any sign of leaving? Don't forget Cheney's recent tough talk against Iran.
http://science.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=224072 &cid=18143822
It's just like the fact that the French who fought Nazi in WWII are called French resistance but the Iraqis fighting US army should not be called Iraqi resistance, only Iraqi insurgency. Of course, Chechen suicide bombers are surely brave freedom fighters. A palestinian doing the same is a terrorist.
Could you please define the word dehumanize for me? How do you dehumanize something that is not human?
Of course the Chinese must be on something.
In other news, some Chinese scientist has built a humanoid robot and western conpiracy theorists are accusing China of prepare an attack of the clones!
Carry on with your imagination.
1. Make a judgement that someone is unethical based on one's own perception.
2. Reinforce the perception with extreme or individual incidents that are in line with that judgement.
3. Dismiss evidences that contradict the judgement or undermine the credibility of it.
4. When the position is not defendable in a debate, use unsubstantiated claim or cite anecdotal evidence.
5. Repeat 2-4 as necessary.
I have to say this does sound a bit creepy to people who haven't seen a typical Chinese family before. For those who have, this is actually a tongue-in-cheek statement. Chinese parents' love for their kid (no plural because of the one-child policy) is quite unique. They are willing to do anything to make the kid a better future. Anything indeed. The expectation is so high that many kids find it unbearable. The parents actually plan ahead for their kid when he/she is still very young and still tend to take care of everything for him/her in his/her late 20s. All these do in effect kills the child's personal freedom and independence in many cases. But in the name of the child's own good, many are still to realize its harm.
The last thing I'd like to stress again here. Although China is still under the communist party's rule, Chinese parents are just as loving as parents in any other country. I find it really distasteful to demonize everything Chinese just because of the ruling party's unfortunate name. As many have pointed out here, the Chinese government now favours as much capitalism as any country on the planet. It's just that values well established in the west, such as civil liberty, independent jurisdiction, and democracy, have not gain enough ground in the past 30 years of economical achievement.
If one look back in history, similar situations is not hard to find in the western countries, even in not so distant past.
The treatment their parents use do look a bit radical. But I can perfectly understand how these parents think. The kid is their only hope in many families and he/she is reduced to a piece of internet junk. What will you do if you're in that position?
Exactly. Why should the US force their morality on the Iranians?
Moral standard is like shifting sands. Slavery used to be acceptable in the US. Just decades ago, racial segregation was THE way of life in many states. Now things have improved a lot and it is certainly not a achievement of some other country's military threat against US.
Comparing one country's morality against that of others is just like a penis size competition. I don't think that really helps things. I believe people's living standard gets better in peace times, not by making war.
Anyone remember Unocal?
http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?art icleid=1240&CFID=4936540&CFTOKEN=31436615
http://journalism.berkeley.edu/projects/worldandus /archives/2006/04/people_daily_we.php
Sometimes it's healthy to listen to both sides before making your judgement. The world is a far more complicated place than you think, especially the middle east. I understand there's rare chance for you to hear unfavourable voice to Isreal in the US. President Jimmy Carter's new book might give you a hint what's really going on there.
I'm not against Isreal or the US. In fact, I don't hate Mr Bush. I just find his mate annoying occasionally. It's not my country, why should I bother?
As for Iraq, if you think the Iraqis are better off killing each other every day as we see on the news every night, there's little I can say to you. Saddam's regime is oppressive. Everybody knows that. But a killing is a killing. Either under Saddam's rule or caused by US invasion, it really makes no difference.
No war is purely against evil, like some may want you to believe. But every war is against people. It's the normal people in warring countries who suffer the consequences, no matter how the politicians brand the was as.