For anyone else thrown off, the correct rule is that there's approximately N / log( N ) primes less than N.
Sorry about that. But the math is still wrong. It is supposed to be ln (log base e) and I did the calculations with log2. So the number of primes less than 2^256 should be (2^256/177) = 6.5e74, not 4.5e74.
Apparently you have no clue how many ages of the universe it would take to enumerate the 256-bit primes.
We are nerds here, so lets calculate it. The number of primes less than N is approx ln(N), so the number of primes less than 2^256 = (2^256/256) = 2^248 = 4.5e74. If you computed one prime per plank time, it would take this long: 4.5e77 * 5.4e-44 secs/planckTime / (1.38e10 years/universe * 3600 * 24 * 365) = 2.3e12, or about 2 trillion times the age of the universe. 512 bit primes would take considerably longer.
Once you calculate the list of primes, you need to figure out where to store it. Storing 4.5e74 numbers is problematic, since that is about a quintillion times the number of atoms in the sun.
We can be fairly certain that the NSA is not just relying on a lookup table.
The numbers in TFA make no sense. The units are $25,000 each and store 100 kwh. At peak, power is about 12c/kwhr. Off peak is about 6c/kwhr. So, at most, these units are going to save $6 per day.
$6 * 365 * 20 units = $43,800 savings per year. That is no where close to "a million dollars". If it costs $25,000 * 20 units = $500k to install, then the ROI is 8.8%, which is not bad when bank loans are typically 4% or less. So this looks like a decent investment, but TFA is so muddled it is hard to say for sure.
Dyson is NOT a denialist. He accepts that climate change is happening and that it is caused by humans. But he also feels that humanity has much bigger problems, and AGW is getting far more attention than it deserves... and he is right. If we focus on population control, 3rd world poverty, eradicating malaria, and raising literacy rates, then AGW will be a much easier problem to deal with in the future. My wife got a $10k taxpayer subsidy on her Tesla. That could have paid for a thousand anti-malaria bed nets. That is misplaced priorities.
I-80 is lined with 300+ miles of corn through Nebraska, not wheat. That's ethanol country. =)
From Omaha to the Wyoming border, I-80 is in Nebraska for 455 miles. In eastern Nebraska it is mostly lined with cornfields. But as you go west into the drier regions, you will begin to see more wheat and less corn. By the time you reach the Wyoming border, it will be mostly wheat or pasture. But NOx emissions will help any crop. Even nitrogen fixing legumes like soybeans will benefit.
No it isn't. It is only a problem in urban areas with frequent inversions or poor wind flow. So it is a problem in Los Angeles and Denver. It is NOT a problem in rural areas, or even many urban areas. In those areas, the additional NOx is likely better than the environmental effect of the alternative higher fuel consumption and higher CO2 emissions.
Instead of removing the "test-mode", they should instead tie it into the GPS and link it to weather reports. So if you are in Los Angeles on a calm day, the engine would automatically reduce NOx at the expense of burning more fuel. But if you are on I-80 in rural Nebraska, it would sip fuel and generate some extra NOx to fertilize the wheat fields.
For the same reason the military does not use (at at least doesn't admit to using) fully autonomous armed drones: software can't make judgement calls.
Software can make judgement calls. In the case of weapons, we just don't feel comfortable allowing that. For self-driving-cars, there is no moral issue.
Sure, eventually, one day, the software may get there.
You might want to read up on what autonomous vehicles can do. They have already driven millions of miles on public roads, and have a safety record better than average human drivers.
That's an odd way of saying "you're right, a taxi/uber is what I want".
No. For a taxi/Uber, 90% of the cost is paying the driver. Even for his use case of 5000 mi/yr, it will be cheaper for him to own a car. But for an autonomous car, there is no driver, so the cost is 1/10th. That is a game changer.
They have a conspiracy theory called patriarchy that claims all men are out to abuse women
Many successful women will tell you that the greatest resistance to their advancement didn't come from men. It came from other women. If you want to see a real cat fight, assign a young woman to manage older women.
is a Baysian spam filter an "AI-based anti-spam solution"?
If the probabilities are hard coded, then no. If it learns and updates itself, then yes, that is AI. AI is determined by behavior, not mechanism.
what exactly qualifies or disqualifies something for 'AI-based'
Programs that learn and adapt are AI.
'deep learning', and similar buzzwords?
"Deep learning" refers to neural nets that have more than one hidden layer and are thus "deep". They are usually based on RBMs. "Deep learning" has a very specific meaning, and is not a "buzzword".
It is Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics.
In California schools, it is STEAM. Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics. They added "art" to get more girls interested. It seems to be working. It is pretty neat to see kids using a 3D printer in art class.
Any idiot can program a computer and again an engineer doesn't need to know that.
What? I am an engineer. I work with dozens of other engineers. We spend all day writing code. EEs write Verilog and VHDL. MEs write CAD scripts. ChemEs write reactor simulators. An engineer that can't code is worthless.
Banks, insurance companies would fail, and then goes the rest of the interconnected economy.
I don't think so. Banks and insurance companies mostly run on Java. They began switching away from COBOL decades ago. Few applications are still in COBOL, and even fewer of those are mission critical.
No. Greece ran out of money in 2010. They have squandered an additional 200B euros since then. There is little reason to stop wasting money as long as someone else is paying the bills.
Or making some drug or device that actually enhances the human condition.
My father-in-law has an implant that improves his hearing. My wife has a eye lens enhancer that greatly improves her vision. I also had a vision enhancement device, but then I had LASIK, so I no longer need it.
Imagine people saving money while working hard when they can (20s-50) and never needing a pension if they did save money.
That is imaginary, not real. Most people in their 20s-50s go deep in debt to buy a house, own a car, educate their kids, etc. Their wealth is in the assets they own, not cash under a mattress. They do NOT benefit from deflation.
Slashdot Mirror
For anyone else thrown off, the correct rule is that there's approximately N / log( N ) primes less than N.
Sorry about that. But the math is still wrong. It is supposed to be ln (log base e) and I did the calculations with log2. So the number of primes less than 2^256 should be (2^256/177) = 6.5e74, not 4.5e74.
Apparently you have no clue how many ages of the universe it would take to enumerate the 256-bit primes.
We are nerds here, so lets calculate it. The number of primes less than N is approx ln(N), so the number of primes less than 2^256 = (2^256/256) = 2^248 = 4.5e74. If you computed one prime per plank time, it would take this long: 4.5e77 * 5.4e-44 secs/planckTime / (1.38e10 years/universe * 3600 * 24 * 365) = 2.3e12, or about 2 trillion times the age of the universe. 512 bit primes would take considerably longer.
Once you calculate the list of primes, you need to figure out where to store it. Storing 4.5e74 numbers is problematic, since that is about a quintillion times the number of atoms in the sun.
We can be fairly certain that the NSA is not just relying on a lookup table.
You don't think they'll get huge tax gifts?
In Orange County? Where the airport is name after John Wayne, and Ronald Reagan is considered a demigod? I don't think so.
Who cares what it costs. This is an investment in the future.
Let me guess: You support Bernie Sanders for president. Am I right?
They certainly are vague enough on the math
The numbers in TFA make no sense. The units are $25,000 each and store 100 kwh. At peak, power is about 12c/kwhr. Off peak is about 6c/kwhr. So, at most, these units are going to save $6 per day.
$6 * 365 * 20 units = $43,800 savings per year. That is no where close to "a million dollars". If it costs $25,000 * 20 units = $500k to install, then the ROI is 8.8%, which is not bad when bank loans are typically 4% or less. So this looks like a decent investment, but TFA is so muddled it is hard to say for sure.
Helo style drones are highly energy inefficient for transportation.
A 2 ton truck delivering an 8 ounce package is even more energy inefficient.
I figure that the real problem here is idiots who breed. How are you going to solve that problem really?
Well, an obvious solution is for their offspring to shoot themselves.
Consider that Dyson, an AGW denialist ...
Dyson is NOT a denialist. He accepts that climate change is happening and that it is caused by humans. But he also feels that humanity has much bigger problems, and AGW is getting far more attention than it deserves ... and he is right. If we focus on population control, 3rd world poverty, eradicating malaria, and raising literacy rates, then AGW will be a much easier problem to deal with in the future. My wife got a $10k taxpayer subsidy on her Tesla. That could have paid for a thousand anti-malaria bed nets. That is misplaced priorities.
they will be tagging as many conditions as possible as "pre-existing" and using that to justify partial / no coverage
That is illegal in the United States, and in all other first world countries.
I-80 is lined with 300+ miles of corn through Nebraska, not wheat. That's ethanol country. =)
From Omaha to the Wyoming border, I-80 is in Nebraska for 455 miles. In eastern Nebraska it is mostly lined with cornfields. But as you go west into the drier regions, you will begin to see more wheat and less corn. By the time you reach the Wyoming border, it will be mostly wheat or pasture. But NOx emissions will help any crop. Even nitrogen fixing legumes like soybeans will benefit.
Their design is a problem everywhere
No it isn't. It is only a problem in urban areas with frequent inversions or poor wind flow. So it is a problem in Los Angeles and Denver. It is NOT a problem in rural areas, or even many urban areas. In those areas, the additional NOx is likely better than the environmental effect of the alternative higher fuel consumption and higher CO2 emissions.
Instead of removing the "test-mode", they should instead tie it into the GPS and link it to weather reports. So if you are in Los Angeles on a calm day, the engine would automatically reduce NOx at the expense of burning more fuel. But if you are on I-80 in rural Nebraska, it would sip fuel and generate some extra NOx to fertilize the wheat fields.
Clinton's mistake is she tried a "do it yourself" or "hire someone yourself" approach
Hillary's servers were not totally secure, but were they more or less secure than the State Dept's servers?
Is there anyone who cares about this issue that didn't already hate Hillary for other reasons?
For the same reason the military does not use (at at least doesn't admit to using) fully autonomous armed drones: software can't make judgement calls.
Software can make judgement calls. In the case of weapons, we just don't feel comfortable allowing that. For self-driving-cars, there is no moral issue.
Sure, eventually, one day, the software may get there.
You might want to read up on what autonomous vehicles can do. They have already driven millions of miles on public roads, and have a safety record better than average human drivers.
Will anyone alive today live long enough to see autonomous vehicles that are better drivers than people?
Autonomous vehicles already have a better safety record than people.
More likely, you won't be able to go where you're not authorized to.
So cars won't crash through the gate of a nuclear power plant. I don't see that as a bad thing.
Freedom of movement is going to be severely restricted
Well, if you really want to attack a nuclear power plant, you could park a block away, and, you know, walk the last 100 meters.
You're still assuming it will actually work in the real world. We're nowhere near that technology yet.
It does work in the real world. Autonomous cars have already driven millions of miles on public roads, and have an accident rate lower than humans.
That's an odd way of saying "you're right, a taxi/uber is what I want".
No. For a taxi/Uber, 90% of the cost is paying the driver. Even for his use case of 5000 mi/yr, it will be cheaper for him to own a car. But for an autonomous car, there is no driver, so the cost is 1/10th. That is a game changer.
They have a conspiracy theory called patriarchy that claims all men are out to abuse women
Many successful women will tell you that the greatest resistance to their advancement didn't come from men. It came from other women. If you want to see a real cat fight, assign a young woman to manage older women.
is a Baysian spam filter an "AI-based anti-spam solution"?
If the probabilities are hard coded, then no. If it learns and updates itself, then yes, that is AI. AI is determined by behavior, not mechanism.
what exactly qualifies or disqualifies something for 'AI-based'
Programs that learn and adapt are AI.
'deep learning', and similar buzzwords?
"Deep learning" refers to neural nets that have more than one hidden layer and are thus "deep". They are usually based on RBMs. "Deep learning" has a very specific meaning, and is not a "buzzword".
It is Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics.
In California schools, it is STEAM. Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics. They added "art" to get more girls interested. It seems to be working. It is pretty neat to see kids using a 3D printer in art class.
Any idiot can program a computer and again an engineer doesn't need to know that.
What? I am an engineer. I work with dozens of other engineers. We spend all day writing code. EEs write Verilog and VHDL. MEs write CAD scripts. ChemEs write reactor simulators. An engineer that can't code is worthless.
Banks, insurance companies would fail, and then goes the rest of the interconnected economy.
I don't think so. Banks and insurance companies mostly run on Java. They began switching away from COBOL decades ago. Few applications are still in COBOL, and even fewer of those are mission critical.
What about the Greeks?
No. Greece ran out of money in 2010. They have squandered an additional 200B euros since then. There is little reason to stop wasting money as long as someone else is paying the bills.
Or making some drug or device that actually enhances the human condition.
My father-in-law has an implant that improves his hearing. My wife has a eye lens enhancer that greatly improves her vision. I also had a vision enhancement device, but then I had LASIK, so I no longer need it.
Imagine people saving money while working hard when they can (20s-50) and never needing a pension if they did save money.
That is imaginary, not real. Most people in their 20s-50s go deep in debt to buy a house, own a car, educate their kids, etc. Their wealth is in the assets they own, not cash under a mattress. They do NOT benefit from deflation.