I have to disagree.
A reason is where you explain to your boss exactly what caused the problem.
An excuse is what you say when you are trying to avoid the blame.
You can't parallel standard power transistors because of the thermal characteristsics (from memory the voltage drop goes up as the temperature increases - it's been a while) the highest temperature transistor will have the most amount of power dropped over it - increasing it's temperature still further until the magic smoke comes out.
MOSFETs work quite successfully in parallel however.
First off, I'm not a rocket scientist, just an interested amateur - so this may get a little rough.
The answer depends greatly on whether the lauch is orbital like most satellites or suborbital like the x-prize is.
Launching from altitude means that there is less drag, it also means that the engine nozzles can be optimized for efficient operation at low to zero pressure (Aerospike nozzles are meant to work efficiently at all pressures but are still experimental.)
Orbital launches have to reach orbital velocity (somewhere around 10,000 M/S for LEO, don't have the figure handy unfortunately) this is what the east-west launch helps with. Most of the two stage to orbit designs I have seen have a supersonic lower stage to give the upper stage as much of a runup as possible. An interesting example of this is the proposed RASCAL satellite launcher.
I believe that polar launches are used so that satellites can map the entire surface over a series of orbits.
I'm running 2.6.6 on an Nforce 2 motherboard with APIC compiled in. It seems quite stable with a current uptime of over a week (the last outage was caused by a thunderstorm.) Previous versions tended to crash every few hours even with APIC support left out.
These chips are going to be based on the PIII-m core which is already a low power design.
A quick google reveals a typical heat dissipation of 22W for a PIII 1.2GHz, doubling that for two cores would still be half of the 100W that a high end PIV would dissipate.
This is quite common in Australia. Basically a pair gain allows one copper pair to multiplex multiple conversations (commonly two, but it may be more) allowing more phones to be connected without having to drag more copper through the conduits to peoples houses. A rim is a different device, basically a miniature exchange that connects via fibre optic cable to the main exchange building to avoid having to drag each individual copper pair all the way back.
Being on either device basically guarentees that you will be unable to get ADSL, although Telstra the company that owns the phone lines will now attempt to transpose over to plain copper if they are cajoled enough.
For more information on the Australian broadband experience have a look at whirlpool.
Do they make you go through the same process for any tools that you use, or just the GPL ones?
After all Visual C++ or.net presumably do the same thing and they are definately not public domain.
Gentoo is my distro of choice, not because of the excellent installation information (any documentation that can take you through installing from scratch and make you think that was easy afterwards is quite and achievement.) nor because of the funky build optimizations or the security patches like propolice. It's the ability to try out new and cutting edge software without the ridiculous dependency chasing that used to be the case when I used a more conventional distro.
All in all despite the odd hiccup, gentoo has been a very positive experience.
I'm a huge fan of all of those shows, but I think Australia has the edge in sketch comedy. Fast Forward and The Late Show both caused me to laugh so hard I hurt myself.
The American comedy program I'm enjoying currently is Scrubs - It has a nice mixture of comedy, drama and character development along with a solid dose of surrealism.
South Australia already has a subsidy for people who wish to install solar panels on their houses. Most of these are not full "off-the-grid" systems, instead they provide excess power to the grid, which the electricity companies are required to buy back at market rates.
Nope not the Sahara, but my state does include Lake Eyre.
To be honest Lake Eyre is far too interesting a place to start paving over - there is plenty of very flat, very empty land in Australia - and plenty of sunshine to go around.
IANANS, but I know that the nuclear waste from the Maralinga A-Bomb test site clean up here in australia is being vitrifacted - sealed inside fused glass - and buried. Because it is bound up in a non-reactive form it's very difficult for it to re-enter the biosphere.
according to this page a 50KW prototype was tested in spain over a period of several years. Of course that is 1/4000th of the planned installations size, but at least it isn't totally theoretical.
"Fragile Desert Ecosystem"
Personally I would wilingly trade a big chunk of the sahara - or Lake Eyre for that matter, it only fills up every ten years or so anyway;)
This design also gets around the problem of power generation outside of peak periods by storing heat under the greenhouse area.
AFAIK Saddams poison gas ("insecticide") factories were built by French and German companies. If you have a link claiming it was supplied by the US, I'd be interested to read it.
Because they don't use enterprise level storage systems. From what I can gather thay use large numbers of commodity systems with redundant storage instead of a monolithic backup system like tape. I expect that there storage costs probably approach $1 per GB - and don't forget that plain text messages compress well.
Still I don't see how they could drop $1000 on storage per customer no matter how much they are making on advertisements - They may be betting that most people will only use a fraction of the available storage and overall growth will be managable.
Certainly all of my recent installs have been muted by default, but the speaker icon on my gnome desktop has a large red slash through it when it is muted. Unmuting is as simple as right clicking and selecting the mute option.
How small does your embedded device have to be? You can get mini-itx systems including a via processor and motherboard for approximately A$210 (with the current exchange rate about US$150) with negligable shipping.
They are not true embedded boards, and Via doesn't seem to have a handy total power draw figure on their website, but for many situations they might work just as well.
And let me see if I've got this straight. Saddam was a brutal ruler for over two decades. He gassed an ethnic minority with gas provided by the US (Reagan was President, Rumsfeld was SecDef) sprayed from US-provided helicopters.
The gas factories were French and German. Most of his military equipment was Russian or French. I have heard that the helos were american but were sold for crop spraying! but I don't know if that is accurate. Many of the cultures used for bioweapons were purchased from American companies, but these were freely available and intended as medical supplies. The US certainly did provide a certain amount of support for Iraq in this period - mainly as a counterbalance against Iran - Its possible they could have avoided a lot of problems if they had been firmer with Hussein in the first place.
Saddam filled the infamous mass graves with Shi'a encouraged to rise up against him by George HW Bush, who left them to die when they heeded him and called on him for aid.
This is one of the scummier actions of the US in the middle east IMHO. It seems to show the fallacy of putting political priorities above moral ones, something the current President seems to be avoiding.
Go spin your wheel of justifications for war in Iraq and let me know what you hit. Remember, WMD is out, and apparently so is liberation, since you don't give a shit about those people.
It appears that several factors contribute to the "dissapearing" WMDs. Some never existed, the money embezzled by members of the baathist heirarchy, others were just kept as a capability - primed for use once the annoying inspectors went away, and the remainder was spirited over the border into Syria in the early days of the war. I have heard reports the "chemical bomb" that Al Qaeda attempted to detonate in Jordan contained significant amounts of VX, but unfortunately I still don't have anything conclusive
Lastly I do care about the people of Iraq, I find it a positive thing that they finally have a chance at building a new society. It greives me that incidents like Abu Ghraib still occur, but at least this time the perpetrators will be punished instead of commended.
NetWare has always been excellent at file and print but not so good as an application server. If they can run NetWare on the linux kernel and GNU infrastructure, they can take advantage of the multitude of server apps that are available on the platform.
My day job is as a sysadmin, so I'll answer your questions from that perspective.
1. Unless you have a special 'l00s4h' account for running network programs, you can lose anything owned by your normal account. Typically that's all your data (norp, zeraw, 3PMs, financial data, etc). You're saying losing all that stuff is _better_ than losing the core OS, which you can replace over HTTP in 10 minutes?
No matter how secure your system is, backups are required. If it is really important or secure, users should have to sign in through another box via some secure, encrypted method first.
2. Even with 'l00s4h', if your kernel has priviledge escalation bugs, bad guys can still get r00t. Linux had two of these in the past six months.
The account is usually "nobody" or named after the process like "apache". You are correct - a remote unpriviledged exploit plus a priviledge escalation exploit equals a remote root exploit - but that still requires *two* unpatched exploits.
3. You've personally audited mutt for overflow issues? How about the 1GB mozilla codebase?
Correct, these programs cannot be trusted, ergo they should not be running on servers, client machines should be firewalled preventing connections from outside the intranet.
4. You trust Debian? Gentoo? GNU? Even though they don't always cryptographically sign binaries and even though their servers were 0wned a few weeks back?
All the source packages and RPM's we get come with MD5 sums. emerge and red-carpet both automatically check for a correct sum before installing. Any backdoors or virii that are contained in the packages would also exist when they were archived/created by the maintainers.
5. apt-get, emerge, etc don't typically use SSL, so how do you know you aren't being man-in-the-middled when you run it (as root)?
emerge downloads it's MD5 sums via the portage tree, completely independently of the source packages. once again the greatest vulnerability is in the human element. As long as you trust the maintainers, you can be *reasonably* sure that everything is OK.
An unpatched Linux box and an unpatched Windows server are both extremely vulnerable, but for me the bottom line is a single observation. We apply Linux patches as soon as they become available, both red-carpet and portage are entirely capable of resolving most dependency problems. Windows patches on the other hand usually get trialled for up to a week until we can ensure that we know all the programs that they break and have found all the required workarounds, unless it's a catastrophic vulnerability in which case we just roll it out and hope for the best.
In the end though there is no such thing as a perfectly secure system, all you can do is stack the deck in your favour, keep your eyes on the security lists and stay vigilant for unusual behaviour.
But the sons and daughters ARE coming home in pine boxes. Just because the media stopped reporting the deaths of US soldiers that does not mean they stopped dying.
The number of coalition deaths have dropped significantly, with only twenty dying in Febuary, down from a high of one hundred and ten last November. This together with the recent Ashura massacres seem to imply a change in tactics, away from attacking troops and instead hitting "soft" targets in an attempt to destabilize the country as much as possible.
BTW all bills in congres must be introduced by members of both parties. When you say that the bill is "sponsered by a democrat senator" you are lying by telling only half the truth. There is also a republican sponsor.
The bill summary for S.89 says:
Sponsor: Sen Hollings, Ernest F. [SC] (introduced 1/7/2003) Cosponsors: (none)
I'd post a direct link, but I don't know if it would work. Instead go to: http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/legislative/g_thr ee_sections_with_teasers/legislative_home.htm
type in s89 in the search by number field, and then when the bill comes up click Bill status and summary.
Slashdot Mirror
I have to disagree.
A reason is where you explain to your boss exactly what caused the problem.
An excuse is what you say when you are trying to avoid the blame.
Interesting.
What value resistor do you use and how much current are you handling?
You can't parallel standard power transistors because of the thermal characteristsics (from memory the voltage drop goes up as the temperature increases - it's been a while) the highest temperature transistor will have the most amount of power dropped over it - increasing it's temperature still further until the magic smoke comes out.
MOSFETs work quite successfully in parallel however.
First off, I'm not a rocket scientist, just an interested amateur - so this may get a little rough.
The answer depends greatly on whether the lauch is orbital like most satellites or suborbital like the x-prize is.
Launching from altitude means that there is less drag, it also means that the engine nozzles can be optimized for efficient operation at low to zero pressure (Aerospike nozzles are meant to work efficiently at all pressures but are still experimental.)
Orbital launches have to reach orbital velocity (somewhere around 10,000 M/S for LEO, don't have the figure handy unfortunately) this is what the east-west launch helps with. Most of the two stage to orbit designs I have seen have a supersonic lower stage to give the upper stage as much of a runup as possible. An interesting example of this is the proposed RASCAL satellite launcher.
I believe that polar launches are used so that satellites can map the entire surface over a series of orbits.
I'm running 2.6.6 on an Nforce 2 motherboard with APIC compiled in. It seems quite stable with a current uptime of over a week (the last outage was caused by a thunderstorm.) Previous versions tended to crash every few hours even with APIC support left out.
These chips are going to be based on the PIII-m core which is already a low power design.
A quick google reveals a typical heat dissipation of 22W for a PIII 1.2GHz, doubling that for two cores would still be half of the 100W that a high end PIV would dissipate.
This is quite common in Australia. Basically a pair gain allows one copper pair to multiplex multiple conversations (commonly two, but it may be more) allowing more phones to be connected without having to drag more copper through the conduits to peoples houses. A rim is a different device, basically a miniature exchange that connects via fibre optic cable to the main exchange building to avoid having to drag each individual copper pair all the way back.
Being on either device basically guarentees that you will be unable to get ADSL, although Telstra the company that owns the phone lines will now attempt to transpose over to plain copper if they are cajoled enough.
For more information on the Australian broadband experience have a look at whirlpool.
Do they make you go through the same process for any tools that you use, or just the GPL ones? .net presumably do the same thing and they are definately not public domain.
After all Visual C++ or
Gentoo is my distro of choice, not because of the excellent installation information (any documentation that can take you through installing from scratch and make you think that was easy afterwards is quite and achievement.) nor because of the funky build optimizations or the security patches like propolice. It's the ability to try out new and cutting edge software without the ridiculous dependency chasing that used to be the case when I used a more conventional distro.
All in all despite the odd hiccup, gentoo has been a very positive experience.
I'm a huge fan of all of those shows, but I think Australia has the edge in sketch comedy. Fast Forward and The Late Show both caused me to laugh so hard I hurt myself.
The American comedy program I'm enjoying currently is Scrubs - It has a nice mixture of comedy, drama and character development along with a solid dose of surrealism.
There is an article on this subject at groklaw
It covers more or less the same territory in a bit more depth.
South Australia already has a subsidy for people who wish to install solar panels on their houses. Most of these are not full "off-the-grid" systems, instead they provide excess power to the grid, which the electricity companies are required to buy back at market rates.
Nope not the Sahara, but my state does include Lake Eyre.
To be honest Lake Eyre is far too interesting a place to start paving over - there is plenty of very flat, very empty land in Australia - and plenty of sunshine to go around.
IANANS, but I know that the nuclear waste from the Maralinga A-Bomb test site clean up here in australia is being vitrifacted - sealed inside fused glass - and buried. Because it is bound up in a non-reactive form it's very difficult for it to re-enter the biosphere.
according to this page a 50KW prototype was tested in spain over a period of several years. Of course that is 1/4000th of the planned installations size, but at least it isn't totally theoretical.
"Fragile Desert Ecosystem" ;)
Personally I would wilingly trade a big chunk of the sahara - or Lake Eyre for that matter, it only fills up every ten years or so anyway
This design also gets around the problem of power generation outside of peak periods by storing heat under the greenhouse area.
AFAIK Saddams poison gas ("insecticide") factories were built by French and German companies. If you have a link claiming it was supplied by the US, I'd be interested to read it.
Because they don't use enterprise level storage systems. From what I can gather thay use large numbers of commodity systems with redundant storage instead of a monolithic backup system like tape. I expect that there storage costs probably approach $1 per GB - and don't forget that plain text messages compress well.
Still I don't see how they could drop $1000 on storage per customer no matter how much they are making on advertisements - They may be betting that most people will only use a fraction of the available storage and overall growth will be managable.
Certainly all of my recent installs have been muted by default, but the speaker icon on my gnome desktop has a large red slash through it when it is muted. Unmuting is as simple as right clicking and selecting the mute option.
How small does your embedded device have to be?
You can get mini-itx systems including a via processor and motherboard for approximately A$210 (with the current exchange rate about US$150) with negligable shipping.
They are not true embedded boards, and Via doesn't seem to have a handy total power draw figure on their website, but for many situations they might work just as well.
The gas factories were French and German. Most of his military equipment was Russian or French. I have heard that the helos were american but were sold for crop spraying! but I don't know if that is accurate. Many of the cultures used for bioweapons were purchased from American companies, but these were freely available and intended as medical supplies. The US certainly did provide a certain amount of support for Iraq in this period - mainly as a counterbalance against Iran - Its possible they could have avoided a lot of problems if they had been firmer with Hussein in the first place.
This is one of the scummier actions of the US in the middle east IMHO. It seems to show the fallacy of putting political priorities above moral ones, something the current President seems to be avoiding. It appears that several factors contribute to the "dissapearing" WMDs. Some never existed, the money embezzled by members of the baathist heirarchy, others were just kept as a capability - primed for use once the annoying inspectors went away, and the remainder was spirited over the border into Syria in the early days of the war. I have heard reports the "chemical bomb" that Al Qaeda attempted to detonate in Jordan contained significant amounts of VX, but unfortunately I still don't have anything conclusive
Lastly I do care about the people of Iraq, I find it a positive thing that they finally have a chance at building a new society. It greives me that incidents like Abu Ghraib still occur, but at least this time the perpetrators will be punished instead of commended.
Don't forget that one of the major driving forces in game sales is modding - Counter strike is arguably the most popular online game of all time.
NetWare has always been excellent at file and print but not so good as an application server. If they can run NetWare on the linux kernel and GNU infrastructure, they can take advantage of the multitude of server apps that are available on the platform.
No matter how secure your system is, backups are required. If it is really important or secure, users should have to sign in through another box via some secure, encrypted method first. The account is usually "nobody" or named after the process like "apache". You are correct - a remote unpriviledged exploit plus a priviledge escalation exploit equals a remote root exploit - but that still requires *two* unpatched exploits. Correct, these programs cannot be trusted, ergo they should not be running on servers, client machines should be firewalled preventing connections from outside the intranet. All the source packages and RPM's we get come with MD5 sums. emerge and red-carpet both automatically check for a correct sum before installing. Any backdoors or virii that are contained in the packages would also exist when they were archived/created by the maintainers. emerge downloads it's MD5 sums via the portage tree, completely independently of the source packages. once again the greatest vulnerability is in the human element. As long as you trust the maintainers, you can be *reasonably* sure that everything is OK.
An unpatched Linux box and an unpatched Windows server are both extremely vulnerable, but for me the bottom line is a single observation. We apply Linux patches as soon as they become available, both red-carpet and portage are entirely capable of resolving most dependency problems. Windows patches on the other hand usually get trialled for up to a week until we can ensure that we know all the programs that they break and have found all the required workarounds, unless it's a catastrophic vulnerability in which case we just roll it out and hope for the best.
In the end though there is no such thing as a perfectly secure system, all you can do is stack the deck in your favour, keep your eyes on the security lists and stay vigilant for unusual behaviour.
http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/legislative/g_th
type in s89 in the search by number field, and then when the bill comes up click Bill status and summary.