EXE->C isn't quite right... it goes EXE->ASM, and I'm not sure there is an ASM->C as it is going from a lower level language to a higher one... EXE->ASM isn't really to hard to do. The opcodes are known, and the source is just parsed replacing the opcodes with ASM mnemonics. Using this method, anything can be "reversed", but it doesn't yield much to the original source. This is what goes on in an emulator, but the interpereted data, instead of being written to a file, it is "executed". If the opcode mnemonic was mov.b for instance, the emulator would move a byte of data into an imaginary register.
What makes UltraHLE unique, and in that sense "revolutionary", is that it takes the ASM and does generate C of sorts. The ASM instructions are examined at a higher level, and paterns are recognized as common routines, and further emulated using C... This is posible in part because the N64 is a based on a RISC processor (R4300i for those interested), and more complex CISC instructions can replace a "patern" of RISC instructions. Also, the N64 software is developed in C now as opposed to the older memory effiecient console programs... The more available memory means that programs can be developed faster, and it means that the generated ASM has repeating patterns, is bloated, and is eaiser to reverse to a higher level...:) In this way the N64 can be emulated without emulating every single R4300i opcode.
One thing that makes UltraHLE hard to reverse is the fact that it was compile for P5 (many disassemblers only cover 8086 instructions), and that much of the emulator is inline ASM for faster execution. Hopefully the developers will release their code in its entirety soon...:)
This is the real deal here... There is a file known as cpua.c which, after disassembling the UltraHLE exe into ASM much like Gossi, and compairing the two, this is the real deal. The site mentioned above, was the source of it, and now it has been removed...:/ I still have it though, but it isn't very useful on it's own.
#include #include "ultra.h" #include "cpua.h"
#define DUMPGO 0// dump PC as executing (debug) (1=every group, 2=every new group) #define EXECPROF 0// profile execution (cmd 'stat3'), slows execution!
// these names are a bit short for global scope, but they were // originally internal to this file. Then this file grew so large // it had to be splitted. Well so it goes. RState r; CStats cstat; dword ip[256];
/************************************************* ************************* ** Routines for compiling a new group */
These were the first few lines, of the file, much to long to post here, but as you can see, it is just a small component of the much larger program... Hope the rest is released soon...:)
I've been using 2.2.1ac1 for a while now with now major problems... the only thing I remember having to upgrade was mu DHCP, otherwise it is mostly 5.2 apps and utilities. I wish I could be of more help. I had to use the patch initially because I was building sound into the kernel, but otherwise, I can't think of anything that would prevent you from installing and using the newer kernel.
Just used the following to compile... make clean && make deps && make zImage && make modules && make modules_install && make install Hope you have success.
Fraunhofer discusses that they have redused the required number of DSP from 5 down to one, and that you can get their system for broadcasting MP3 streaming content. The problem is in the Real-time encoding. Fraunhofer is being very protective of their intellectual property, and don't want anyone else to create high quality, low bit rate audio without giving them money. A real-time encoder is very expensive. From a bussiness perspective, this makes perfect sense. As anyone who has encoded their own MP3's knows, encoding CD quality audio is time consuming, and even a DSP hardware implementation is usually two slow for a real-time application.
In the mean time, HW decoding soluions are just now becoming a viable option. Several companies are now creating IC's with MPEG 1-Layer 3 (and Layer 2.5) decoding, but these are recent developments. Prior to the release of these chips, only DSP implementations were posible. MP3 decoding is avalible from some sources in the from of a PCI card, my roomate is also trying a different approach using these chips for a school project. Decoding is a reality, but encoding is a few more years down the road for the average user. This means that a real-time MP3 CODAC is not a viable concept, yet.
If Dvorak thinks this is new, he's smoking something. If Transmeta supports more than just the x86 instructions, then they may have a viable product that is new. To be able to execute code compiled and written for other platforms would be a blessing. Programmers would no longer be limited to one platform, and one CPU could pretend to be another type. To acomplish this task is a daunting feat, and if they can pull it off with excellent performance, I'll be very impressed. To be honest, I'm not sure such an endeavor is possible. The K5, AMD's first attempt at such a task for the x86 resulted in slower performance. While code could be written specifically for the RISC86 instructions, the translation from x86 was horriblly slow. AMD bought NextGen and used their technologies to create the K6, a much improved design, which can actually outperform the Intel x86's, FPU not withstanding.
There is of course only one emulated platform for that CPU. If I understand the supposed ability of the Transmeta vaporware, it will be able to support even more, but I don't see how it will be able to outperform with out being "specialized". Maybe I'm thinking too hard, but I don't see the Transmeta chip, blowing away it's competition. Aside from a developers platform, A slower more capable CPU for the consumer isn't going to be a big selling point. If the user wanted a 68k processor, he'd have bought one...
I hate to use William Gates III as an example here on/., but he and Paul Allen, when designing BASIC for the Altair, designed an emulator of the 8080 on the schools PDP/11. It was on this emulator that the first BASIC for an 8080 was programmed and executed. In this case, emulation was used for a platform not available yet...:).
On a more academic note, I find that emulators are very valuable. I use an MC HC68323 emulator to design programs from my class, and then run them on the reference boards at school.
But even at it's most basic level, the ability to design an emulator requires an intimate understanding of the platform both being emulated and emulated on. This requires a research and understanding that isn't taught in any classroom, and this exercise can truely be of value.
Additionally, WINE is not being designed so people can steal windows games and run them on Linux. How can HW emulation be any different from an ethical and moral sense. It is the people who rip and distribute ROM images that are responsible for the downfall of an otherwise honorable clan. The people who design and develop emulators are very good at what they do, and it should not be held against them that they create a product which is used in an illegal manner. Time flies like an arrow;
I agree, I have been very interested in emulation, and have been examing sources ever since the first emulator I stumbled across, the appleIIpc emulator. I'm know there were others before this, but this is what started it for me. There has been a steady decline in the quality of emulation sites for the past few years. Once, I could find technical documents and component documentation, now I can only find Warez, Porn, Serialz, Crackz, and of course the Romz. I can't decide if it is a sad reflection on society, or a reflection of the ever growing online population of the, (and I hate to user this term, but for a lack of a better one), less educated. This fact can not be disputed, everyday more AOL, WebTV, and other ISP's make it possible for people with very little computer knowledge to get going. My mother is the perfect example, she still has trouble turning on the computer, and any strange error messages, such as "The printer is out of paper," she freezes up, and it takes someone else to get her going again. That is not to say that my Mom has become a heavy dealer in Warez, but if she can surf the web, I believe anyone can, and anymore, it doesn't take to many more brain cells to start your own page on Geocities, or other free web hosting domains. The Internet is becoming a less intelligent comunity on a minute by minute basis (in part why I so often seek refuge in/.). I'd like to do my part to make the Internet community more responsible, but at the same time, I don't want a strong governmental pressence, moderating content. People need to become educated, not censored. I praise your efforts, and commend you on a well spoken, and much needed letter, but I'm afraid that it will not be enough. I only hope that the community as a whole will condemn such practices and gain some ethics before the government has no choice but to moderate. It may very well be 1999, but we are moving in the right direction for 1984. Time flies like an arrow;
I never said I liked the color/handle/feet/etc. What apealed to me was the functionallity of an opening door that exposed the internals of the PC even while it is running. My machine as we speak has no cover because I am always getting into it to do something (my most current project is adding TOSLink connectors to my AudioPCI... MP3's -> MD and vice versa is going to be a reality for me very soon:) ), and an opening door would allow me to gain access very easily without leaving it open... the only advantage to which is ventalation, but then again, that's what my two extra fans are for...:/ I'm just saying I'd like to see an ATX case with a simular feature... I don't really want to use my hack saw...:)
To begin with, couldn't see much of the site, KDM doesn't show it... but my vote for the best cases has to go to the new G3's appke is coming out with... I stumbled on to ZDtv while flipping (I was looking for the mating habits of the Brazilian house fly, really), and I saw the coolest case design. The side panel where the MotherBoard is attached, opened up, and provided access to everything. Memory, cards, drives and cables were all accessable while the machine was running... You could change cards and settings, and power up to see those changes without having to re-assemble the whole thing, just to find that you IDE cable had pulled slightly loose...:) I'm not usually an Apple fan, but I was very impressed... I've never been very impressed with the G3's graphics speed either, but this system had an ATI board, and was supposed to be a huge boost in performance.... This in my opinion is a much better choice than a freakin' iMac, and could become a serious contender. Did I mention I was impressed with the case design... Oh well, I guess I driffted off topic lately, but the functionallity of this case IMHO outways the mahogany.:)
This is so news-worthy, it shouldn't be burried in a thread... You hear that Cmdr Taco, this needs to be it's own topic heading!!!! Time flies like an arrow;
Missed it the first time, but rtc is Real Time Clock, I don't have it listed myself, so did you compile the RTC into your kernel either as a component or a module? Time flies like an arrow;
I understand that because of the recent software releases, Diamond is changing the copy protection feature (preventing D/L from the RIO), from the software side, and incorperating it in the hardware of future revisions... so for those who want a 32MB Ramdrive, get them NOW!!! Personally, I'd rather get a biscut PC, or perhaps the one running the webserver, and add a zip drive to that... 100M, and cheaper per MB...:) Time flies like an arrow;
Ok, what am I missing? This new encryption/decryption system devised by this 16 year old is unique how? That it uses matrices to encrypt and decrypt? Twofish, Shark, Square, and Manta are encryption/decryption algorithms that use matrices. Twofish was first brought to my attention through slashdot, Dec 22, 1998, to recap that article, the "TwoFish encryption algorithm, a possible DES-replacement." The algorithm is already being subjected to hacker assults, and is holding up very well. And the algorithm is fast. I was impressed with what I read about Twofish, and I'm not holding my breath about what this 16 year old has created. Not being able to examine her source, it is difficult to see how her algorithum is would be any better. Time flies like an arrow;
I'm pretty sure that the drivers included are the OSS Lite with some additions. Linux drivers for PCI soundcards seems to be the source of my AudioPCI drivers, not OSS. Time flies like an arrow;
Slashdot Mirror
EXE->C isn't quite right... it goes EXE->ASM, and I'm not sure there is an ASM->C as it is going from a lower level language to a higher one... EXE->ASM isn't really to hard to do. The opcodes are known, and the source is just parsed replacing the opcodes with ASM mnemonics. Using this method, anything can be "reversed", but it doesn't yield much to the original source. This is what goes on in an emulator, but the interpereted data, instead of being written to a file, it is "executed". If the opcode mnemonic was mov.b for instance, the emulator would move a byte of data into an imaginary register.
:) In this way the N64 can be emulated without emulating every single R4300i opcode.
:)
What makes UltraHLE unique, and in that sense "revolutionary", is that it takes the ASM and does generate C of sorts. The ASM instructions are examined at a higher level, and paterns are recognized as common routines, and further emulated using C... This is posible in part because the N64 is a based on a RISC processor (R4300i for those interested), and more complex CISC instructions can replace a "patern" of RISC instructions. Also, the N64 software is developed in C now as opposed to the older memory effiecient console programs... The more available memory means that programs can be developed faster, and it means that the generated ASM has repeating patterns, is bloated, and is eaiser to reverse to a higher level...
One thing that makes UltraHLE hard to reverse is the fact that it was compile for P5 (many disassemblers only cover 8086 instructions), and that much of the emulator is inline ASM for faster execution. Hopefully the developers will release their code in its entirety soon...
Baggio
Time flies like an arrow;
This is the real deal here... There is a file known as cpua.c which, after disassembling the UltraHLE exe into ASM much like Gossi, and compairing the two, this is the real deal. The site mentioned above, was the source of it, and now it has been removed... :/ I still have it though, but it isn't very useful on it's own.
// dump PC as executing (debug) (1=every group, 2=every new group) // profile execution (cmd 'stat3'), slows execution!
// these names are a bit short for global scope, but they were
// originally internal to this file. Then this file grew so large
// it had to be splitted. Well so it goes.
/************************************************* *************************
// select optimization settings
:)
#include
#include "ultra.h"
#include "cpua.h"
#define DUMPGO 0
#define EXECPROF 0
RState r;
CStats cstat;
dword ip[256];
** Routines for compiling a new group
*/
void a_optimizesetup(void)
{
r.opt_old=0;
r.opt_directjmp=0;
r.opt_rejumpgroup=0;
r.opt_adjacentvm=0;
r.opt_nospvm=0;
r.opt_novm=0;
if(st.optimize==0)
These were the first few lines, of the file, much to long to post here, but as you can see, it is just a small component of the much larger program... Hope the rest is released soon...
Baggio
Time flies like an arrow;
I've been using 2.2.1ac1 for a while now with now major problems... the only thing I remember having to upgrade was mu DHCP, otherwise it is mostly 5.2 apps and utilities. I wish I could be of more help. I had to use the patch initially because I was building sound into the kernel, but otherwise, I can't think of anything that would prevent you from installing and using the newer kernel.
Just used the following to compile...
make clean && make deps && make zImage && make modules && make modules_install && make install
Hope you have success.
Baggio
Time flies like an arrow;
Fraunhofer discusses that they have redused the required number of DSP from 5 down to one, and that you can get their system for broadcasting MP3 streaming content. The problem is in the Real-time encoding. Fraunhofer is being very protective of their intellectual property, and don't want anyone else to create high quality, low bit rate audio without giving them money. A real-time encoder is very expensive. From a bussiness perspective, this makes perfect sense. As anyone who has encoded their own MP3's knows, encoding CD quality audio is time consuming, and even a DSP hardware implementation is usually two slow for a real-time application.
In the mean time, HW decoding soluions are just now becoming a viable option. Several companies are now creating IC's with MPEG 1-Layer 3 (and Layer 2.5) decoding, but these are recent developments. Prior to the release of these chips, only DSP implementations were posible. MP3 decoding is avalible from some sources in the from of a PCI card, my roomate is also trying a different approach using these chips for a school project. Decoding is a reality, but encoding is a few more years down the road for the average user. This means that a real-time MP3 CODAC is not a viable concept, yet.
Baggio
Time flies like an arrow;
Advanced 6-Issue RISC86® Superscalar Microarchitecture
- Seven parallel specialized execution units
- Multiple sophistocated x86-to-RISC86 instruction decoders
- Advanced two-level branch prediction
- Speculative execution
- Out-of-order execution
- Register renaming and data forwarding
- Issues up to six RISC86 instructions per clock
Large On-Chip Split 64-Kbyte Level-One (L1) Cache- 32-Kbyte instruction cache with additional predecode cache
- 32-Kbyte writeback dual-ported data cache
- MESI protocol support
High-Performance IEEE 754-Compatable and 854-Compatable Floating-Point UnitHigh-Performance Industry-Standard MMX(TM) Instructions
321-Pin Ceramic Pin Grid Array (CPGA) Package (Socket 7 Compatable)
Industry-Standard System Management Mode (SMM) IEEE 1149.1 Boundary Scan
Full x86 Binary Software Compatability
On top of that, this technique goes as far back as the K5, as documented in the Great Microprocessors of the Past and Present, and may even predate that.
If Dvorak thinks this is new, he's smoking something. If Transmeta supports more than just the x86 instructions, then they may have a viable product that is new. To be able to execute code compiled and written for other platforms would be a blessing. Programmers would no longer be limited to one platform, and one CPU could pretend to be another type. To acomplish this task is a daunting feat, and if they can pull it off with excellent performance, I'll be very impressed. To be honest, I'm not sure such an endeavor is possible. The K5, AMD's first attempt at such a task for the x86 resulted in slower performance. While code could be written specifically for the RISC86 instructions, the translation from x86 was horriblly slow. AMD bought NextGen and used their technologies to create the K6, a much improved design, which can actually outperform the Intel x86's, FPU not withstanding.
There is of course only one emulated platform for that CPU. If I understand the supposed ability of the Transmeta vaporware, it will be able to support even more, but I don't see how it will be able to outperform with out being "specialized". Maybe I'm thinking too hard, but I don't see the Transmeta chip, blowing away it's competition. Aside from a developers platform, A slower more capable CPU for the consumer isn't going to be a big selling point. If the user wanted a 68k processor, he'd have bought one...
Just my 2,
Baggio
Time flies like an arrow;
I hate to use William Gates III as an example here on /., but he and Paul Allen, when designing BASIC for the Altair, designed an emulator of the 8080 on the schools PDP/11. It was on this emulator that the first BASIC for an 8080 was programmed and executed. In this case, emulation was used for a platform not available yet... :).
On a more academic note, I find that emulators are very valuable. I use an MC HC68323 emulator to design programs from my class, and then run them on the reference boards at school.
But even at it's most basic level, the ability to design an emulator requires an intimate understanding of the platform both being emulated and emulated on. This requires a research and understanding that isn't taught in any classroom, and this exercise can truely be of value.
Additionally, WINE is not being designed so people can steal windows games and run them on Linux. How can HW emulation be any different from an ethical and moral sense. It is the people who rip and distribute ROM images that are responsible for the downfall of an otherwise honorable clan. The people who design and develop emulators are very good at what they do, and it should not be held against them that they create a product which is used in an illegal manner.
Time flies like an arrow;
I agree, I have been very interested in emulation, and have been examing sources ever since the first emulator I stumbled across, the appleIIpc emulator. I'm know there were others before this, but this is what started it for me. /.).
There has been a steady decline in the quality of emulation sites for the past few years. Once, I could find technical documents and component documentation, now I can only find Warez, Porn, Serialz, Crackz, and of course the Romz. I can't decide if it is a sad reflection on society, or a reflection of the ever growing online population of the, (and I hate to user this term, but for a lack of a better one), less educated.
This fact can not be disputed, everyday more AOL, WebTV, and other ISP's make it possible for people with very little computer knowledge to get going. My mother is the perfect example, she still has trouble turning on the computer, and any strange error messages, such as "The printer is out of paper," she freezes up, and it takes someone else to get her going again.
That is not to say that my Mom has become a heavy dealer in Warez, but if she can surf the web, I believe anyone can, and anymore, it doesn't take to many more brain cells to start your own page on Geocities, or other free web hosting domains. The Internet is becoming a less intelligent comunity on a minute by minute basis (in part why I so often seek refuge in
I'd like to do my part to make the Internet community more responsible, but at the same time, I don't want a strong governmental pressence, moderating content. People need to become educated, not censored. I praise your efforts, and commend you on a well spoken, and much needed letter, but I'm afraid that it will not be enough. I only hope that the community as a whole will condemn such practices and gain some ethics before the government has no choice but to moderate. It may very well be 1999, but we are moving in the right direction for 1984.
Time flies like an arrow;
I never said I liked the color/handle/feet/etc. What apealed to me was the functionallity of an opening door that exposed the internals of the PC even while it is running. My machine as we speak has no cover because I am always getting into it to do something (my most current project is adding TOSLink connectors to my AudioPCI... MP3's -> MD and vice versa is going to be a reality for me very soon :) ), and an opening door would allow me to gain access very easily without leaving it open... the only advantage to which is ventalation, but then again, that's what my two extra fans are for... :/ I'm just saying I'd like to see an ATX case with a simular feature... I don't really want to use my hack saw... :)
Ryan
Time flies like an arrow;
To begin with, couldn't see much of the site, KDM doesn't show it... but my vote for the best cases has to go to the new G3's appke is coming out with... I stumbled on to ZDtv while flipping (I was looking for the mating habits of the Brazilian house fly, really), and I saw the coolest case design. The side panel where the MotherBoard is attached, opened up, and provided access to everything. Memory, cards, drives and cables were all accessable while the machine was running... You could change cards and settings, and power up to see those changes without having to re-assemble the whole thing, just to find that you IDE cable had pulled slightly loose... :) I'm not usually an Apple fan, but I was very impressed... I've never been very impressed with the G3's graphics speed either, but this system had an ATI board, and was supposed to be a huge boost in performance.... This in my opinion is a much better choice than a freakin' iMac, and could become a serious contender. :)
Did I mention I was impressed with the case design... Oh well, I guess I driffted off topic lately, but the functionallity of this case IMHO outways the mahogany.
Ryan
Time flies like an arrow;
This is so news-worthy, it shouldn't be burried in a thread... You hear that Cmdr Taco, this needs to be it's own topic heading!!!!
Time flies like an arrow;
Missed it the first time, but rtc is Real Time Clock, I don't have it listed myself, so did you compile the RTC into your kernel either as a component or a module?
Time flies like an arrow;
I understand that because of the recent software releases, Diamond is changing the copy protection feature (preventing D/L from the RIO), from the software side, and incorperating it in the hardware of future revisions... so for those who want a 32MB Ramdrive, get them NOW!!! Personally, I'd rather get a biscut PC, or perhaps the one running the webserver, and add a zip drive to that... 100M, and cheaper per MB... :)
Time flies like an arrow;
I'd return my 98 perhaps, 'cept MS gave it to me for being a guinea pig, er Beta tester... :) Now it's Linux for me...
Time flies like an arrow;
That is my point exactly.
Time flies like an arrow;
Ok, what am I missing? This new encryption/decryption system devised by this 16 year old is unique how? That it uses matrices to encrypt and decrypt? Twofish, Shark, Square, and Manta are encryption/decryption algorithms that use matrices. Twofish was first brought to my attention through slashdot, Dec 22, 1998, to recap that article, the "TwoFish encryption algorithm, a possible DES-replacement." The algorithm is already being subjected to hacker assults, and is holding up very well. And the algorithm is fast. I was impressed with what I read about Twofish, and I'm not holding my breath about what this 16 year old has created. Not being able to examine her source, it is difficult to see how her algorithum is would be any better.
Time flies like an arrow;
I'm pretty sure that the drivers included are the OSS Lite with some additions. Linux drivers for PCI soundcards seems to be the source of my AudioPCI drivers, not OSS.
Time flies like an arrow;