Unless the income tax rate is over 100% then that's a bullshit argument. When the hell is it to your advantage to invest in a lower yield security because of income taxes? The income tax is progressive.... only incomes over X amount are taxed at Y rate. The money below that amount is taxed at Z rate, which is lower.
No it is not. Every hear of a Swiss bank account? The Swiss used to not report interest income to your local government. (The Swiss will now report this income, but there are third world countries that will not) Municipal bonds are not taxable under the current tax code. Both Swiss (of course not Swiss) banks and Municipal bonds pay less interest than other investments, but there is a point where the tax advantages are worth it.
One other problems is the rich have to decide between financing their latest venture vs a simple investment. If the taxes are too high they will decide that it isn't worth the risk to start a new business (that would yield a lot of money in future years), and go for conservative investments that are a lot easier to deal with.
It is a known fact that tax cuts for the rich do raise income. Look it up. (Again there is a limit to how far this can go)
I have everything against Cheney who said "Reagan proved deficits don't matter" when somebody suggested raising taxes to pay for the war. I'm completely disgusted that rather then raise taxes a few percentage points on people with money to spare or pull out of Iraq we are cutting social programs that actually make a difference to the people of this country.
It was not just Cheney who said that. Paul Welstone (who was the most liberal senator in congress until he died a few years back) also said that deficits do not matter. Of course Clinton was in power then. (This was just before Clinton got into the good years where there was a surplus)
As for social programs go: They are not something the federal government should do.
Besides all that, how much of the public debt of the United States is now held by foreign nations? Ones that might not be predisposed to continue paying for our lifestyle and wars since we've alienated the rest of the World. Or ones that might be enemies or competitors down the road (China?). Do you really think this is wise economic policy?
Yes this is a good thing - if China declares war on the US, the US will default on all bonds held by China. This means that China has been sending us lots of goods in exchange for worthless paper. More likely there will not be such a war (though I'm not placing any bets). China still cannot liquidate all those bonds - the agreement is they are paid off on a schedule, and there is no feature whereby China can demand the US pay them off sooner. All China can do is sell them on the open market. However bonds obey supply and demand, so by selling in massive quantities they are pushing the price of bonds down - that is they are buying high and selling low. (When interest rates are low - as they are now - bonds are expensive, when rates are high bonds are cheap) Yes this would hurt the US, but not as much as it would hurt China.
Way back when the Mac as new (mid '80s), Apple tries this with a stopwatch. People reported they were faster with the shortcut keys, but when forced to move their hand to the mouse they got the job done in half the time.
Now be careful about reading this - this was for a very specific task. Each task varies. However the point is that you need to make an objective measure before you can say one is better - sometimes your perceptions lie.
Part of this depends on how much training is worth. Phone operators (who do the same job for years on end, apparently switching jobs is/was rare) find it worthwile to learn command that save them 1/10 of a second, even though they need an all day training course to learn it. That command is something they do all day though (I don't know what the task is/was), so it is worth the phone companies money in the long run to train operators to use the shortcuts.
One advantage of shortcuts is even when there is no significant advantage, it allows some people to feel more elite than others. This can stoke their ego, and make them hang onto a bad job just to show the youngsters how "real men" do it.
Remember though this is a computer. You should be automating any task that you do often. Control-R, type (with completion) a command is not as fast as a shortcut key that starts that command in one touch. It may or may not be faster than putting an icon for that application on the desktop or in the taskbar. Remember to use a stopwatch to time this, not your gut feeling.
I tried to install Java on my computer. I gave up when I discovered that Sun won't let me install it directly. I have to make special effort to agree to their license. FreeBSD-ports cannot include it directly. I can deal with it, but it isn't worth the bother.
However things get worse when you are not a personal user. At work we are interested in an open-source project written in Java, but because of the license we cannot use it. (We want to ship it as part of an embedded system, the only way to install would be to have every customer download the JVM somehow) DOA because of this. (We tried gcj but were unable to get it to work - I wish that effort luck though)
Sun does not want Java to succeed. I'm all for helping them in that goal.
As you raise taxes on the rich it more and more is to their advantage to invest in things that don't return as much, but also result in less taxes. So the income goes down as taxes go up, and vice-versa (though of course there is a limit to how far down you can go)
Beyond that, what do you have against the rich? They are people too. I prefer to reward them for their hard work of getting rich. Most of the rich were not born to money, they worked for it. (though there are some crooks, I'm all for bringing them to justice)
Code for Linux will often run will little changes on *BSD and Solaris (and other POSIX systems). However often autoconf or the like is required to deal with the minor differences. (Linux doesn't have strlcmp, to name one common limitation) The remainder tend to be things that OS specific anyway (ifconfig). Unfortunately there are critical places where there is no standard and should be.
When you move to OSX or BEOS you discover that the windowing system isn't X, and that drops compatibility way down. However you can use qt or other libraries to deal with these differences - if you care to.
There are between 10 and 20 computers on a car. Windows XP does run on some - the non-critical user interface ones. The real critical ones cannot run windows because it is not hard real-time. (They can't run linux either)
There are others that are not hard real-time, but don't interface with you directly either. Any clue what they are running? I didn't think so - nobody is telling. (You might know what one particular company runs on one or two particular computer(s), but that is all. Ford does things different from GM, who is different from Honda who is... (though of course with partnerships you will often find one brand's parts in a different brand which would include computers with the OS)
I'm sure there is one production car somewhere with a computer running linux. Odds are there are many - in fact I wouldn't be surprised if most cars had a computer running linux. (Likely violating the GPL, but that is a different story) Linux is free, and developers know it. Even for the big car companies money is important. Saving just 1 dollar on the cost of a car can add up to millions over the life of the car, and Microsoft cannot match the price of linux in the long run. (The car companies need computer experts anyway, so linux experts are just a line item with no additional cost other than time - which is spread over millions of cars)
Microsoft Windows overall makes up less than 50% of all operating systems in use. PCs are not the only part of the computer world, just the one with the most money. Most computers are embedded in something else and you never know what OS is running. (Often it is just a dos like boot-loader written in house)
Despite all your objections (which are correct), the railroads in the US ship 2/3rds of the ton-miles in the US. Trucks are only used where on-time is important. One wonders how much long distant shipping would be left if the railroads figured out how to stick to a schedule when customers want.
To compete with the railroads, semis need to get better than 20 mpg (they get about 7). That isn't counting cost of the drivers - 1 train engineer can replace about 25 truck drivers.
Barge traffic is more efficient, but limited to where there are rivers.
So? Even if the US blocks the vote, any country concerned can go in without the UN. Every country that didn't do anything has some blame.
Though I question how much intervention any country should take in a different one, but that is a different debate. (One I have not settled for myself)
This is often counter productive - they tend to buy food from rich countries. Local farmers now have to compete with free food, which they cannot do, so they go bankrupt and loose their land. Now there are more starving people to feed.
In some cases the local government chooses a few starving people who are allowed to eat for the photo op, and then lets the food rot on the docks. Meanwhile the people are starving because the government is taking all the food they can grow themselves and selling it to other countries.
All people should have the opportunity to speak freely, no matter how repugnant their views.
I agree with this statement. However the UN goes farther, it allows those people to act. The UN intentionally makes the US and every evil third worth country equal. (With the exception of the security counsel where the US has a permanent seat and veto power) Which is fine so long as the only purpose of the UN is to get and keep countries talking - it might prevent a few wars. However the UN has power to act in other ways, and now the thugs have power in numbers.
Of course thugs could ally separately, but the UN is a handy place to do so.
I did go back and read them. Your post strongly implies it is men who are sleeping around and giving it to their wives. Maybe that isn't what you meant to say, but that is what you said.
Many women like to pretend it is only the men that sleep around (one wonders who they find to sleep with), the fact is both genders do (Perhaps slightly more men do, but if so that means the women that do sleep around have more partners). I get tired of it, so I had to call you on the issue.
Well they do need to pay for the wires to/from your house, and make a fair profit. Those rates are reasonable, though I wouldn't think it would be worth their bother to put in the separate meter (as opposed to 1 that can run backwards) for a small home.
If you have storage (batteries), and let them control when you proved power they could call on you during the peaks, which should provide the full rate to you as that is when power is most expensive for them. (They still get the cheap power from the big plants, they just need a little more expensive power to balance it out). You need to be fairly large before it is worth their time to work this deal out though.
Just because the law requires them to pay some price doesn't mean that is the only price they will pay you - depends on how they are feeling when you contact them.
Not really. With good programing practices (which as you admit are not as common as they should be), you can tell just by looking at the code. m.foo() is a class. m + 1 is a number (though it might be complex or a vector, you can do math on it). You can even guess what else is there. If you see m.pop() you can guess there is a m.push() as well.
With good programing practices your variables are not more than one page-up away, for the rare cases when you aren't sure. I always find though that I quickly know what type everything is, but I need the headfile for the class open to see the methods, which may not be obvious.
Partially. Partially I'm too shy to talk to them. Part that I enjoy a lot of solo activities which don't leave room for meeting people. Part that I choose some group sports, only to discover that even it is a co-ed sport, few women play (and either married or obviously not my type)
The bottom line though is I'd like to change things, but not enough to actually do so.
Why? When I turn on a light it is for one of two reasons. Either I'm passing through the room, or I'm going to spend time in it. If I'm passing through I just need a nightlight to keep my from tripping on the cat. If I'm going to spend time in the room, by the time I sit down and arrange my books there is full light, which is when I need it.
It would be nice if the cheap lamps were instant on - I agree. However 30 seconds is a big deal.
If you live in southern California this is a good idea, paybacks in as little as 4 years. (Including government subsidies) If you live in MN like I do, you are looking at a 30 year payback if all goes well - which is longer than many roofs last. If you shovel the roof you might do better, but that is both dangerous (Don't fall off the roof), and harmful to the panels (which tend to be easily damaged when walked on).
If you live in areas with a lot of sun you are stupid not to investigate this. Many people live in climates where they do not pay off.
Libertarianism is not anarchy. We do not propose that if you want to shoot someone you should do so. My rights end at your nose. That is so long as I am not harming you, you have no business in what I do and should mind your own business. Libertarianism is the farther we can go in the direction of freedom without harming others.
Getting an education is something that paid off for just a few years. Historically it never has. That isn't why we do it though.
In the 1800s doctors earned less than those without educations. However it is the works of doctors (plus many other factors) that gave us modern medicine.
Back when I was first in college the McDonald's I worked for part time (as management) offered me a store manager position - but I would have to quit school. (This was only half serious, they knew I wouldn't quit, but the person offering it was frustrated enough about that store that he would have liked me to take it) It has been over 10 years now, and there has not yet been a time when I would be making less money if I had gone for it, and my prospects of moving up their company ladder for more money are higher than here in engineering. Not to mention McDonald's hires lots of girls at their peak of beauty, while engineering essentially never does.
Engineering, math, and science are great fields to be in. Don't do them for the money though, it isn't here.
Sadly strSql isn't a made up example - I was looking at code that used it while I wrote that reply.
qryLogin, is useful because it tells me what is going on (even more than the replacements I came up with). If the prefixes have meaning I do not objects. The datatype however is rarely meaningful.
Where you use data type prefixes is with a variable like userID. Is it an int or a string?
You do not care what type userID is! Does it make sense to do userID + 1? No, so even if it is an int you don't treat it like an int - it is a userID. If userID was a string, likewise you do not do string manipulation on it, so it doesn't matter that from context you are unsure what it is (though I would object that it should be userName).
My boss can afford my mini-bar tab. Actually I can too, if I'm careful. Yes $5 for a $1 candybar is expensive, but when you work til midnight and just need something now to get you to breakfast (that is you are too tired for a good meal even if you don't factor in jet-lag) it is worth it.
I hate Hungarian because you know the type from the context anyway. You don't do addition on a list. You don't do foo[bar] on a real.
A variable should encode everything you need. A variable strSql isn't as useful as selectFoo which tells you what you are doing with the variable. The the variable contains sql is obvious from the context where you care about the contents, and you tells you what it is for where you don't care about the exact contents.
Because a good programmer when he sees for(i = 0 ; i Does not need to think about it. He knows instantly that this is an iterator over a range. If the variable was records that tells a good programmer to slow down, this simple construct is not looping over all elements of some structure, it is doing something more complex.
A good programmer will recognize the word "hex", and not need to a full detailed explanation of base-16 numbers. The layman who is not a programmer would need that explanation, but the layman will not be reading code anyway.
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Unless the income tax rate is over 100% then that's a bullshit argument. When the hell is it to your advantage to invest in a lower yield security because of income taxes? The income tax is progressive.... only incomes over X amount are taxed at Y rate. The money below that amount is taxed at Z rate, which is lower.
No it is not. Every hear of a Swiss bank account? The Swiss used to not report interest income to your local government. (The Swiss will now report this income, but there are third world countries that will not) Municipal bonds are not taxable under the current tax code. Both Swiss (of course not Swiss) banks and Municipal bonds pay less interest than other investments, but there is a point where the tax advantages are worth it.
One other problems is the rich have to decide between financing their latest venture vs a simple investment. If the taxes are too high they will decide that it isn't worth the risk to start a new business (that would yield a lot of money in future years), and go for conservative investments that are a lot easier to deal with.
It is a known fact that tax cuts for the rich do raise income. Look it up. (Again there is a limit to how far this can go)
I have everything against Cheney who said "Reagan proved deficits don't matter" when somebody suggested raising taxes to pay for the war. I'm completely disgusted that rather then raise taxes a few percentage points on people with money to spare or pull out of Iraq we are cutting social programs that actually make a difference to the people of this country.
It was not just Cheney who said that. Paul Welstone (who was the most liberal senator in congress until he died a few years back) also said that deficits do not matter. Of course Clinton was in power then. (This was just before Clinton got into the good years where there was a surplus)
As for social programs go: They are not something the federal government should do.
Besides all that, how much of the public debt of the United States is now held by foreign nations? Ones that might not be predisposed to continue paying for our lifestyle and wars since we've alienated the rest of the World. Or ones that might be enemies or competitors down the road (China?). Do you really think this is wise economic policy?
Yes this is a good thing - if China declares war on the US, the US will default on all bonds held by China. This means that China has been sending us lots of goods in exchange for worthless paper. More likely there will not be such a war (though I'm not placing any bets). China still cannot liquidate all those bonds - the agreement is they are paid off on a schedule, and there is no feature whereby China can demand the US pay them off sooner. All China can do is sell them on the open market. However bonds obey supply and demand, so by selling in massive quantities they are pushing the price of bonds down - that is they are buying high and selling low. (When interest rates are low - as they are now - bonds are expensive, when rates are high bonds are cheap) Yes this would hurt the US, but not as much as it would hurt China.
Way back when the Mac as new (mid '80s), Apple tries this with a stopwatch. People reported they were faster with the shortcut keys, but when forced to move their hand to the mouse they got the job done in half the time.
Now be careful about reading this - this was for a very specific task. Each task varies. However the point is that you need to make an objective measure before you can say one is better - sometimes your perceptions lie.
Part of this depends on how much training is worth. Phone operators (who do the same job for years on end, apparently switching jobs is/was rare) find it worthwile to learn command that save them 1/10 of a second, even though they need an all day training course to learn it. That command is something they do all day though (I don't know what the task is/was), so it is worth the phone companies money in the long run to train operators to use the shortcuts.
One advantage of shortcuts is even when there is no significant advantage, it allows some people to feel more elite than others. This can stoke their ego, and make them hang onto a bad job just to show the youngsters how "real men" do it.
Remember though this is a computer. You should be automating any task that you do often. Control-R, type (with completion) a command is not as fast as a shortcut key that starts that command in one touch. It may or may not be faster than putting an icon for that application on the desktop or in the taskbar. Remember to use a stopwatch to time this, not your gut feeling.
I tried to install Java on my computer. I gave up when I discovered that Sun won't let me install it directly. I have to make special effort to agree to their license. FreeBSD-ports cannot include it directly. I can deal with it, but it isn't worth the bother.
However things get worse when you are not a personal user. At work we are interested in an open-source project written in Java, but because of the license we cannot use it. (We want to ship it as part of an embedded system, the only way to install would be to have every customer download the JVM somehow) DOA because of this. (We tried gcj but were unable to get it to work - I wish that effort luck though)
Sun does not want Java to succeed. I'm all for helping them in that goal.
As you raise taxes on the rich it more and more is to their advantage to invest in things that don't return as much, but also result in less taxes. So the income goes down as taxes go up, and vice-versa (though of course there is a limit to how far down you can go)
Beyond that, what do you have against the rich? They are people too. I prefer to reward them for their hard work of getting rich. Most of the rich were not born to money, they worked for it. (though there are some crooks, I'm all for bringing them to justice)
Code for Linux will often run will little changes on *BSD and Solaris (and other POSIX systems). However often autoconf or the like is required to deal with the minor differences. (Linux doesn't have strlcmp, to name one common limitation) The remainder tend to be things that OS specific anyway (ifconfig). Unfortunately there are critical places where there is no standard and should be.
When you move to OSX or BEOS you discover that the windowing system isn't X, and that drops compatibility way down. However you can use qt or other libraries to deal with these differences - if you care to.
There are between 10 and 20 computers on a car. Windows XP does run on some - the non-critical user interface ones. The real critical ones cannot run windows because it is not hard real-time. (They can't run linux either)
There are others that are not hard real-time, but don't interface with you directly either. Any clue what they are running? I didn't think so - nobody is telling. (You might know what one particular company runs on one or two particular computer(s), but that is all. Ford does things different from GM, who is different from Honda who is... (though of course with partnerships you will often find one brand's parts in a different brand which would include computers with the OS)
I'm sure there is one production car somewhere with a computer running linux. Odds are there are many - in fact I wouldn't be surprised if most cars had a computer running linux. (Likely violating the GPL, but that is a different story) Linux is free, and developers know it. Even for the big car companies money is important. Saving just 1 dollar on the cost of a car can add up to millions over the life of the car, and Microsoft cannot match the price of linux in the long run. (The car companies need computer experts anyway, so linux experts are just a line item with no additional cost other than time - which is spread over millions of cars)
Microsoft Windows overall makes up less than 50% of all operating systems in use. PCs are not the only part of the computer world, just the one with the most money. Most computers are embedded in something else and you never know what OS is running. (Often it is just a dos like boot-loader written in house)
Despite all your objections (which are correct), the railroads in the US ship 2/3rds of the ton-miles in the US. Trucks are only used where on-time is important. One wonders how much long distant shipping would be left if the railroads figured out how to stick to a schedule when customers want.
To compete with the railroads, semis need to get better than 20 mpg (they get about 7). That isn't counting cost of the drivers - 1 train engineer can replace about 25 truck drivers.
Barge traffic is more efficient, but limited to where there are rivers.
Not only would radio be AM only, it would be talk radio, with no "bumpers".
So? Even if the US blocks the vote, any country concerned can go in without the UN. Every country that didn't do anything has some blame.
Though I question how much intervention any country should take in a different one, but that is a different debate. (One I have not settled for myself)
This is often counter productive - they tend to buy food from rich countries. Local farmers now have to compete with free food, which they cannot do, so they go bankrupt and loose their land. Now there are more starving people to feed.
In some cases the local government chooses a few starving people who are allowed to eat for the photo op, and then lets the food rot on the docks. Meanwhile the people are starving because the government is taking all the food they can grow themselves and selling it to other countries.
All people should have the opportunity to speak freely, no matter how repugnant their views.
I agree with this statement. However the UN goes farther, it allows those people to act. The UN intentionally makes the US and every evil third worth country equal. (With the exception of the security counsel where the US has a permanent seat and veto power) Which is fine so long as the only purpose of the UN is to get and keep countries talking - it might prevent a few wars. However the UN has power to act in other ways, and now the thugs have power in numbers.
Of course thugs could ally separately, but the UN is a handy place to do so.
I did go back and read them. Your post strongly implies it is men who are sleeping around and giving it to their wives. Maybe that isn't what you meant to say, but that is what you said.
Many women like to pretend it is only the men that sleep around (one wonders who they find to sleep with), the fact is both genders do (Perhaps slightly more men do, but if so that means the women that do sleep around have more partners). I get tired of it, so I had to call you on the issue.
Well they do need to pay for the wires to/from your house, and make a fair profit. Those rates are reasonable, though I wouldn't think it would be worth their bother to put in the separate meter (as opposed to 1 that can run backwards) for a small home.
If you have storage (batteries), and let them control when you proved power they could call on you during the peaks, which should provide the full rate to you as that is when power is most expensive for them. (They still get the cheap power from the big plants, they just need a little more expensive power to balance it out). You need to be fairly large before it is worth their time to work this deal out though.
Just because the law requires them to pay some price doesn't mean that is the only price they will pay you - depends on how they are feeling when you contact them.
Not really. With good programing practices (which as you admit are not as common as they should be), you can tell just by looking at the code. m.foo() is a class. m + 1 is a number (though it might be complex or a vector, you can do math on it). You can even guess what else is there. If you see m.pop() you can guess there is a m.push() as well.
With good programing practices your variables are not more than one page-up away, for the rare cases when you aren't sure. I always find though that I quickly know what type everything is, but I need the headfile for the class open to see the methods, which may not be obvious.
Partially. Partially I'm too shy to talk to them. Part that I enjoy a lot of solo activities which don't leave room for meeting people. Part that I choose some group sports, only to discover that even it is a co-ed sport, few women play (and either married or obviously not my type)
The bottom line though is I'd like to change things, but not enough to actually do so.
Why? When I turn on a light it is for one of two reasons. Either I'm passing through the room, or I'm going to spend time in it. If I'm passing through I just need a nightlight to keep my from tripping on the cat. If I'm going to spend time in the room, by the time I sit down and arrange my books there is full light, which is when I need it.
It would be nice if the cheap lamps were instant on - I agree. However 30 seconds is a big deal.
If you live in southern California this is a good idea, paybacks in as little as 4 years. (Including government subsidies) If you live in MN like I do, you are looking at a 30 year payback if all goes well - which is longer than many roofs last. If you shovel the roof you might do better, but that is both dangerous (Don't fall off the roof), and harmful to the panels (which tend to be easily damaged when walked on).
If you live in areas with a lot of sun you are stupid not to investigate this. Many people live in climates where they do not pay off.
I agree fully.
Sadly I have not yet met even one girl worth dating. (I've met some married women who matured into that standard, but I refuse to go there)
Libertarianism is not anarchy. We do not propose that if you want to shoot someone you should do so. My rights end at your nose. That is so long as I am not harming you, you have no business in what I do and should mind your own business. Libertarianism is the farther we can go in the direction of freedom without harming others.
Getting an education is something that paid off for just a few years. Historically it never has. That isn't why we do it though.
In the 1800s doctors earned less than those without educations. However it is the works of doctors (plus many other factors) that gave us modern medicine.
Back when I was first in college the McDonald's I worked for part time (as management) offered me a store manager position - but I would have to quit school. (This was only half serious, they knew I wouldn't quit, but the person offering it was frustrated enough about that store that he would have liked me to take it) It has been over 10 years now, and there has not yet been a time when I would be making less money if I had gone for it, and my prospects of moving up their company ladder for more money are higher than here in engineering. Not to mention McDonald's hires lots of girls at their peak of beauty, while engineering essentially never does.
Engineering, math, and science are great fields to be in. Don't do them for the money though, it isn't here.
Sadly strSql isn't a made up example - I was looking at code that used it while I wrote that reply.
qryLogin, is useful because it tells me what is going on (even more than the replacements I came up with). If the prefixes have meaning I do not objects. The datatype however is rarely meaningful.
Where you use data type prefixes is with a variable like userID. Is it an int or a string?
You do not care what type userID is! Does it make sense to do userID + 1? No, so even if it is an int you don't treat it like an int - it is a userID. If userID was a string, likewise you do not do string manipulation on it, so it doesn't matter that from context you are unsure what it is (though I would object that it should be userName).
Even if the string was copyrightable, your use is purely functional, and thus not subject to copyright laws in this case.
See Sega Vs Accolade
My boss can afford my mini-bar tab. Actually I can too, if I'm careful. Yes $5 for a $1 candybar is expensive, but when you work til midnight and just need something now to get you to breakfast (that is you are too tired for a good meal even if you don't factor in jet-lag) it is worth it.
Just be careful.
I hate Hungarian because you know the type from the context anyway. You don't do addition on a list. You don't do foo[bar] on a real.
A variable should encode everything you need. A variable strSql isn't as useful as selectFoo which tells you what you are doing with the variable. The the variable contains sql is obvious from the context where you care about the contents, and you tells you what it is for where you don't care about the exact contents.
Because a good programmer when he sees
for(i = 0 ; i Does not need to think about it. He knows instantly that this is an iterator over a range. If the variable was records that tells a good programmer to slow down, this simple construct is not looping over all elements of some structure, it is doing something more complex.
A good programmer will recognize the word "hex", and not need to a full detailed explanation of base-16 numbers. The layman who is not a programmer would need that explanation, but the layman will not be reading code anyway.