The question is, how much do the artists get?
When Apple sells a song for 99 cents, the artist gets 11 cents.
Should not the artist sell it off their own site, charge less, and make more?
Or sell directly to yahoo, or itunes, rather than giving 90% to the middleman.
As THE WHO said, "Meet the new boss--same as the old boss."
"WE WON'T GET FOOLED AGAIN!"
a funny chapter on patents/open source from the novel autumn rangers
SILICON VIRTUE
The alarm interrupted the Geeks' game of Quake and brought Tucker running into the control room from his office. "It's Ranger's signature attack," Geek1 said. "He's scrambling it, but it's him." Geek1 was what everyone called him. "Impossible," Tucker said. "Ranger's dead." "It's him." APRIL said. "He's alive." In a Cold War weapons lab a mile deep in Doom Mountain, Tucker Johnson's frown was bathed in APRIL's soft blue glow. He looked at her through double-pained, bullet-proof glass. Her biosilicon computers had grown to fill four seven-foot racks, networked with billions of nano-fiberoptics she herself had designed. Somebody had just hacked into her deeper soul. As the CEO of Silicon Virtue, Tucker presided over a team of master Geeks at the bridge and an army of slave Geeks manning cubicles on a vast floor behind them. Behind them sat the legions of patent lawyers patenting any and every aspect of APRIL that might or might not be, using the random patent-claims generator software APRIL invented to bolster patent production. Tucker would outsource their jobs to India and Asia soon enough, but they needed to get off the runway asap to close the next round of venture funding. Silicon Virtue, founded upon the APRIL (Artistic Psyche-Robotics Interface) technology invented by Ranger, was seven months old. They had to hack or reverse-engineer the source code to her deeper soul, or there'd be no IPO. "We could Open Source APRIL and get the hacker community to reverse-engineer her." Tucker said. "Would that speed it up?" "Definitely. We should Open Source APRIL." Geek1 said. "Such knowledge needs to be shared. She's based on natural algorithms which are discovered rather than invent--" "But then we wouldn't own her." Tucker backtracked. "Let's try to hack her a few more months on our own--keep on patenting her--as long as the patents pass the examiners in DC, she's patentable." "But it's not right--you can't--" "What do you think Geek2?" Tucker asked. "Keep APRIL closed and proprietary." Geek2 said. "Patent the hell out of her. It's our time, money, superior expertise, and--" "But Ranger invented the basics--we'd just be fencing off his mountaintop. And plus we can't compete with a world of hackers--" "Hackers can't compete with a world of patent lawyers," Tucker joked. "Something this big is meant to be Open Source," Geek1 said. "Shared like the laws of physics. Ranger would've--" "Open Source can't be trusted." Geek2 interrupted. "It won't scale for an enterprise system like APRIL--" "We can't be trusted." Geek1 said. "APRIL's power will be immense. If we--" "Well you two figure it out--write it up for Friday's meeting." Tucker would always say and head out to play golf. APRIL had grown since Ranger last saw her at MIT, before his advisor Dr. Kervian "forgot" to renew Ranger's fellowship, and they reactivated him to fly the F/A-22 Raptor on its first live missions. Ranger was a Top Gun. Uncle Sam had granted him leave to pursue a Ph.D. developing the F/A-22 Raptor Radar. But once in the lab, it was hard to concentrate on Dr. Kervian's projects, as radar, retinas, physics, poetry, and AI all bled into one. It was a myth of the small mind that physics and engineering and poetry different fields, that one could truly know one without knowing them all, that one could enjoy a symphony without hearing by just counting the notes. And soon Ranger got to thinking about Beatrice's soul. Was there a chance of bringing it back?
And so he lost himself in MIT's heaven of well-funded labs, free to follow his passions in the good company of fearless grad-students, with a soldering iron in one hand and a lab book in the other, pioneering the western frontier of knowledge. But no heaven on earth lasts for more than a second, and Uncle Sam called him on home to serve. Uncle Sam invested millions into each Top Gun, and thus they were only granted lea
Huge opportunities will abound in the gaming industry as tools are released that lets the global community mod their favorite games.
Storytelling will come to dominate games at every turn, as graphics, physics engines, and audio approach reality.
The stories will also need to approach reality.
http://autumnrangersgame.com/ is an example, based on the novel http://autumnrangersnovel.com/ and movie http://autumnrangersmovie.com./
Spherical Symmetry of Time Expansion through Three Dimensions:
The projection of a sphere in two dimensions is a circle. The projection of the fourth dimension in three dimensions is a sphere. And because this fourth dimension, time, is expanding, it appears as an expanding sphere. For a photon to stay stationary in time, it moves through space with a velocity of c. Think about that--the photon stays stationary in time, while moving at a velocity of c relative to the three spatial diemensions. It expands as a spherically symmetrical wavefront by staying stationary in time. Therefore, time must be expanding in a spherically symmetric manner throughout space.
Einstein proclaimed that all objects travel through space-time at c. Even though we perceive a ruler along the x axis to be stationary, it is yet traveling through space-time at the fixed speed of c, implying that time is moving through it. Rotate it towards the y axis, and its projection upon the x axis shortens, yet it still appears to be stationary, and it is still traveling through space-time at the rate of c. Rotate it into the time dimension, and it's projection along the x axis still shortens (Lorentz contraction), but now it begins to move through the three spatial dimensions, while maintaining the fixed speed of c through space-time. Again, we see it move through the three spatial dimensions as it is rotated into the time dimension because the time dimension is moving relative to the three spatial dimensions.
As Brian Greene points out in the Appendix to Chapter 2 of The Elegant Universe, we note that from the space-time position 4-vector x=(ct,x1,x2,x3), we can create the velocity 4-vector u=dx/d(tau), where tau is the proper time defined by d(tau)^2=dt^2-c^-2(dx1^2+dx2^2+dx3^2). Then the "speed through space-time" is the magnitude of the 4-vector u, ((c^2dt^2-dx^2)/(dt^2-c^-2dx^2))^(1/2), which is identically the speed of light c. Now, we can rearrange the equation c^2(dt/d(tau))^2-(dx/d(tau))^2=c^2 to be c^2(d(tau)/dt))^2+(dx/d(tau))^2=c^2. This shows that an increase of an object's speed through space, (dx/d(tau))^2)^(1/2)= dx/d(tau) must be accompanied by a decrease in d(tau)/dt which is the object's speed through time, which also may be considered the rate at which time elapses on it's own clock d(tau) or the proper time, as compared with that on our stationary clock dt.
Philosophical and Physical Barriers to Moving Dimensions Many trained physicists have a knee-jerk reaction that the time dimension cannot be moving because "dimensions cannot move." First off, since the universe is expanding, space-time is also expanding, demonstrating that dimensions are moving and expanding. Secondly, general relativity demonstrates that massive objects warp space-time, meaning that as a massive object moves though space-time, it stretches space-time, showing again that space-time in one area can move, or deform, relative to space-time in another area. Thus there exist neither philosophical nor physical barriers to the concept of moving dimensions, but for artificial ones within lazy minds.
Rather than just accepting the minus sign in front of the c^2t^2 as being there because it "just is there," this paper aims to look at the deeper reality which gives rise to the minus sign. A physicist's job is not to accept things on blind faith, nor only ask questions that are allowed to be asked, but a physicist's job is to wonder. And that wonder, which seems all but forgotten in the bureaucratization of modern physics, leads to the deeper beauty. "Imagination is more important than knowledge," was how one physicist put it.
General relativity demonstrates that massive objects warp space-time, meaning that as a massive object moves though space-time, it stretches space-time, showing again that space-time in one area can move, or deform, relative to space-time in another area.
The time dimension is constantly expanding, relative to the three spatial dimensions.
Spherical Symmetry of Photon Propagation: Quantum mechanics teaches us that a photon propagates as a spherically-symmetric wavefront. This is because a photon is mass rotated into the time dimension, which is expanding as a spherically-symmetric wavefront.
Spherical Symmetry of Time Expansion through Three Dimensions: The projection of a sphere in two dimensions is a circle. The projection of the fourth dimension in three dimensions is a sphere. And because this fourth dimension, time, is expanding, it appears as an expanding sphere. For a photon to stay stationary in time, it moves through space with a velocity of c. Think about that--the photon stays stationary in time, while moving at a velocity of c relative to the three spatial diemensions. It expands as a spherically symmetrical wavefront by staying stationary in time. Therefore, time must be expanding in a spherically symmetric manner throughout space.
Moving Dimensions & Entropy: Because time is expanding as a spherically symmetric wavefront through the three spatial dimensions, photons, as well as all matter that interacts with photons, exhibits a probability to move in a spherically symmetric manner. Thus, if we have a clump of atoms in the middles of a room, a probability exists for the atoms to spread apart in a spherically symmetrical manner. at each point in space, they exhibit a probabilty of moving along any of the three spatial coordinates, carried along by the expanding time dimension.
Here's a preview of Dr. E's upcoming paper: The Theory of Moving Dimensions
Rest Energy: Where does an object's rest energy come from? It comes from fact that the expanding time dimension is moving, giving a stationary object a velocity of c through space-time, even when the object appears at rest on a lab table. This massive velocity relative to time, when translated into the spatial dimensions via a Lorentz rotation of the velocity 4-vector, is manifested in engery.
The Photon's Null Vector: How can we be comfortable that an entity of zero length moves at the speed of light? The only way for this to make sense is if the time dimension is moving relative to the spatial dimension. A null vector in space-time is defined by a photon, which moves at the velocity of light through space-time. So it is that to have zero length in space-time, an entity must translate through the three spatial dimensions at the velocity of light. This notion of maintaining zero interval by a velocity equal to c suggests that one of the coordinates, specifically the time coordinate, is moving at a velocity c relative to the three spatial coordinates.
The Notion of Standing Still in Space and Time: The only way to remain stationary in space is to move through time with a velocity of c. The only way to remain stationary in time is to move through space with a velocity of c. Thus the time and space dimensions must be moving relative to one another.
Einstein proclaimed that all objects travel through space-time at c. Even though we perceive a ruler along the x axis to be stationary, it is yet traveling through space-time at the fixed speed of c, implying that time is moving through it. Rotate it towards the y axis, and its projection upon the x axis shortens, yet it still appears to be stationary, and it is still traveling through space-time at the rate of c. Rotate it into the time dimension, and it's projection along the x axis still shortens (Lorentz contraction), but now it begins to move through the three spatial dimensions, while maintaining the fixed speed of c through space-time. Again, we see it move through the three spatial dimensions as it is rotated into the time dimension because the time dimension is moving relative to the three spatial dimensions.
As Brian Greene points out in the Appendix to Chapter 2 of The Elegant Universe, we note that from the space-time position 4-vector x=(ct,x1,x2,x3), we can create the velocity 4-vector u=dx/d(tau), where tau is the proper time defined by d(tau)^2=dt^2-c^-2(dx1^2+dx2^2+dx3^2). Then the "speed through space-time" is the magnitude of the 4-vector u, ((c^2dt^2-dx^2)/(dt^2-c^-2dx^2))^(1/2), which is identically the speed of light c. Now, we can rearrange the equation c^2(dt/d(tau))^2-(dx/d(tau))^2=c^2 to be c^2(d(tau)/dt))^2+(dx/d(tau))^2=c^2. This shows that an increase of an object's speed through space, (dx/d(tau))^2)^(1/2)= dx/d(tau) must be accompanied by a decrease in d(tau)/dt which is the object's speed through time, which also may be considered the rate at which time elapses on it's own clock d(tau) or the proper time, as compared with that on our stationary clock dt.
Conservation of Momemtum & Energy = Conservation of Momenergy
Red Shift
More Curvature = Slower Time:
Energy's Mass: Energy has mass because energy is mass rotated fully into the moving time dimension. Energy has zero rest mass, as mass represents the component of an object that exists in the spatial dimensions, through which time can expand.
Time Dilation: Clocks slow down as they approach the speed of light, because they catch up with the expanding time dimension. All clocks measure time based on the emission of photons. The faster a clock travels, the less chance there is for it to emit a photon, as the photon will be reabsorbed.
Constancy of c in all frames: The measurement of time is always measured with some mechanism that is based on the propagation of photons, whether it be photons in a clock
I was hoping to see better arguments against Dr. E's theory of moving dimensions.
But I have to agree, it does stand unrefuted.
http://physicsmathforums.com/showthread.php?t=16
The time dimension is moving relative to the three spatial dimensions. Such a concept may be used to explain physical phenomena found in relativity and quantum mechanics. The constant speed of light, time dilation, Lorentzian contraction, wave-particle duality, the equivalence of mass and energy, the gravitational red-shift, and the second law of thermodynamics may all be explained on a deeper level by a theory of moving dimensions. Such a theory may also offer a path for the unification of Quantum Mechanics and Relativity.
The only way to stay still in the three spatial dimensions is to move at the velocity of light c through time. The only way to stay still in the time dimension is to move at the velocity of light c through space. How else can this be explained, but with space and time coordinates are in motion relative to one-another?
It's all explained here--the time dimension is moving relative to the spatial dimensions, manifesting itself as a spherically-symmetric expanding wavefront through space: http://physicsmathforums.com/forumdisplay.php?f=55
Allow me to attempt some answers to your questions:
(A) How do you propose to measure velocity using only measurements of the time dimension? Last I checked, velocity is defined as (spatial units translated)/(temporal units translated).
ANSWER: We must use the four-veloicty here.
Even when an object is stationary in space, it still moves with a vecocity of c through time. Einstein said this.
As Brian Greene points out in the Appendix to Chapter 2 of The Elegant Universe, we note that from the space-time position 4-vector x=(ct,x1,x2,x3), we can create the velocity 4-vector u=dx/d(tau), where tau is the proper time defined by d(tau)^2=dt^2-c^-2(dx1^2+dx2^2+dx3^2). Then the "speed through space-time" is the magnitude of the 4-vector u,((c^2dt^2-dx^2)/(dt^2-c^-2dx^2))^(1/2), which is identically the speed of light c. Now, we can rearrange the equation c^2(dt/d(tau))^2-(dx/d(tau))^2=c^2 to be c^2(d(tau)/dt))^2+(dx/d(tau))^2=c^2. This shows that an increase of an object's speed through space, (dx/d(tau))^2)^(1/2)= dx/d(tau) must be accompanied by a decrease in d(tau)/dt which is the object's speed through time, which also may be considered the rate at which time elapses on it's own clock d(tau) or the proper time, as compared with that on our stationary clock dt.
The only way to stay stationary in space is to move through time with the velocity of c (mass at rest).
The only way to stay stationary in time is to move through space with the velocity of c (photon).
Thus the spatial dimensions and time dimensions are moving relative to one-another.
How else to explain that by staying still in one, you are moving through the other, and vice versa?
(B) If we simply look at this in two dimensions, restraining spatial coordinates to the x direction, and our second dimension being time, your theory would have the origin of the t axis sliding up and down, while the x axis remains stationary. While this will change the appearance of our visual rendering of the coordinate system (for example, we may draw the x axis intersecting the t axis at t=-4s, for instance), it is simply smoke and mirrors. An event at (t1,6) will always be 4m away from an event at (t1,10). An event at (t2,-5) will always be |t2-t3| away from (t3,-5), no matter how much you shift the numerical origin of your t axis. My point is this: any coordinate system is relative to an arbitrarily chosen origin. While you may renumber your t axis as often as you wish, and thus have it "slide" to and fro relative to your other axes, the relative spacetime differences between events will remain the same.
The answers to (a) and (c) should make this apparent.
(C) Sorry, ran a bit long on (B), so i'll make this my last point. This point is one of semantics. You state that the time dimension expands as a spherically symmetric wavefront through space. Thus, you feel the time dimension has spatial components. Therefore, your time "dimension" is not a dimension at all, as it contains an x, y, and z component, each which have a _set_ relationship to one another (they define a sphere, as you explicitly state above). For time to be its own dimension, it must be possible for any relationship of x, y, and z to exist at any point t. Perhaps you stated this in a way you did not intend, or perhaps you simply can't wrap your head around four dimensions.
Answer:
The projection of a sphere in two dimensions is a circle.
The projection of the fourth dimension in three dimensions is a sphere.
For a photon to stay stationary in time, it moves through space with a velocity of c.
Think about that--the photon stays stationary in time, while moving at a velocity of c relative to the three spatial diemensions.
It expands as a spherically symmetrical wavefront by staying stationary in time.
Therefore, time must be expanding in a spherically symmetric manner throughout space.
Slashdot Mirror
I forgot to add: these philosophies empower artists with a blend of Opne Source CMS & DRM: http://22surf.org/ & http://authena.org/
The question is, how much do the artists get? When Apple sells a song for 99 cents, the artist gets 11 cents. Should not the artist sell it off their own site, charge less, and make more? Or sell directly to yahoo, or itunes, rather than giving 90% to the middleman. As THE WHO said, "Meet the new boss--same as the old boss." "WE WON'T GET FOOLED AGAIN!"
a funny chapter on patents/open source from the novel autumn rangers
SILICON VIRTUE
The alarm interrupted the Geeks' game of Quake and brought Tucker running into the control room from his office.
"It's Ranger's signature attack," Geek1 said. "He's scrambling it, but it's him." Geek1 was what everyone called him.
"Impossible," Tucker said. "Ranger's dead."
"It's him." APRIL said. "He's alive."
In a Cold War weapons lab a mile deep in Doom Mountain, Tucker Johnson's frown was bathed in APRIL's soft blue glow. He looked at her through double-pained, bullet-proof glass. Her biosilicon computers had grown to fill four seven-foot racks, networked with billions of nano-fiberoptics she herself had designed. Somebody had just hacked into her deeper soul.
As the CEO of Silicon Virtue, Tucker presided over a team of master Geeks at the bridge and an army of slave Geeks manning cubicles on a vast floor behind them. Behind them sat the legions of patent lawyers patenting any and every aspect of APRIL that might or might not be, using the random patent-claims generator software APRIL invented to bolster patent production. Tucker would outsource their jobs to India and Asia soon enough, but they needed to get off the runway asap to close the next round of venture funding. Silicon Virtue, founded upon the APRIL (Artistic Psyche-Robotics Interface) technology invented by Ranger, was seven months old. They had to hack or reverse-engineer the source code to her deeper soul, or there'd be no IPO.
"We could Open Source APRIL and get the hacker community to reverse-engineer her." Tucker said. "Would that speed it up?"
"Definitely. We should Open Source APRIL." Geek1 said. "Such knowledge needs to be shared. She's based on natural algorithms which are discovered rather than invent--"
"But then we wouldn't own her." Tucker backtracked. "Let's try to hack her a few more months on our own--keep on patenting her--as long as the patents pass the examiners in DC, she's patentable."
"But it's not right--you can't--"
"What do you think Geek2?" Tucker asked.
"Keep APRIL closed and proprietary." Geek2 said. "Patent the hell out of her. It's our time, money, superior expertise, and--"
"But Ranger invented the basics--we'd just be fencing off his mountaintop. And plus we can't compete with a world of hackers--"
"Hackers can't compete with a world of patent lawyers," Tucker joked.
"Something this big is meant to be Open Source," Geek1 said. "Shared like the laws of physics. Ranger would've--"
"Open Source can't be trusted." Geek2 interrupted. "It won't scale for an enterprise system like APRIL--"
"We can't be trusted." Geek1 said. "APRIL's power will be immense. If we--"
"Well you two figure it out--write it up for Friday's meeting." Tucker would always say and head out to play golf.
APRIL had grown since Ranger last saw her at MIT, before his advisor Dr. Kervian "forgot" to renew Ranger's fellowship, and they reactivated him to fly the F/A-22 Raptor on its first live missions. Ranger was a Top Gun. Uncle Sam had granted him leave to pursue a Ph.D. developing the F/A-22 Raptor Radar. But once in the lab, it was hard to concentrate on Dr. Kervian's projects, as radar, retinas, physics, poetry, and AI all bled into one. It was a myth of the small mind that physics and engineering and poetry different fields, that one could truly know one without knowing them all, that one could enjoy a symphony without hearing by just counting the notes. And soon Ranger got to thinking about Beatrice's soul. Was there a chance of bringing it back?
And so he lost himself in MIT's heaven of well-funded labs, free to follow his passions in the good company of fearless grad-students, with a soldering iron in one hand and a lab book in the other, pioneering the western frontier of knowledge. But no heaven on earth lasts for more than a second, and Uncle Sam called him on home to serve. Uncle Sam invested millions into each Top Gun, and thus they were only granted lea
Huge opportunities will abound in the gaming industry as tools are released that lets the global community mod their favorite games. Storytelling will come to dominate games at every turn, as graphics, physics engines, and audio approach reality. The stories will also need to approach reality. http://autumnrangersgame.com/ is an example, based on the novel http://autumnrangersnovel.com/ and movie http://autumnrangersmovie.com./
From Dr. E's Theory of Moving Dimensions
= 57
Spherical Symmetry of Time Expansion through Three Dimensions:
The projection of a sphere in two dimensions is a circle. The projection of the fourth dimension in three dimensions is a sphere. And because this fourth dimension, time, is expanding, it appears as an expanding sphere. For a photon to stay stationary in time, it moves through space with a velocity of c. Think about that--the photon stays stationary in time, while moving at a velocity of c relative to the three spatial diemensions. It expands as a spherically symmetrical wavefront by staying stationary in time. Therefore, time must be expanding in a spherically symmetric manner throughout space.
http://physicsmathforums.com/forumdisplay.php?f
Einstein proclaimed that all objects travel through space-time at c. Even though we perceive a ruler along the x axis to be stationary, it is yet traveling through space-time at the fixed speed of c, implying that time is moving through it. Rotate it towards the y axis, and its projection upon the x axis shortens, yet it still appears to be stationary, and it is still traveling through space-time at the rate of c. Rotate it into the time dimension, and it's projection along the x axis still shortens (Lorentz contraction), but now it begins to move through the three spatial dimensions, while maintaining the fixed speed of c through space-time. Again, we see it move through the three spatial dimensions as it is rotated into the time dimension because the time dimension is moving relative to the three spatial dimensions.
As Brian Greene points out in the Appendix to Chapter 2 of The Elegant Universe, we note that from the space-time position 4-vector x=(ct,x1,x2,x3), we can create the velocity 4-vector u=dx/d(tau), where tau is the proper time defined by d(tau)^2=dt^2-c^-2(dx1^2+dx2^2+dx3^2). Then the "speed through space-time" is the magnitude of the 4-vector u, ((c^2dt^2-dx^2)/(dt^2-c^-2dx^2))^(1/2), which is identically the speed of light c. Now, we can rearrange the equation c^2(dt/d(tau))^2-(dx/d(tau))^2=c^2 to be c^2(d(tau)/dt))^2+(dx/d(tau))^2=c^2. This shows that an increase of an object's speed through space, (dx/d(tau))^2)^(1/2)= dx/d(tau) must be accompanied by a decrease in d(tau)/dt which is the object's speed through time, which also may be considered the rate at which time elapses on it's own clock d(tau) or the proper time, as compared with that on our stationary clock dt.
Philosophical and Physical Barriers to Moving Dimensions
Many trained physicists have a knee-jerk reaction that the time dimension cannot be moving because "dimensions cannot move." First off, since the universe is expanding, space-time is also expanding, demonstrating that dimensions are moving and expanding. Secondly, general relativity demonstrates that massive objects warp space-time, meaning that as a massive object moves though space-time, it stretches space-time, showing again that space-time in one area can move, or deform, relative to space-time in another area. Thus there exist neither philosophical nor physical barriers to the concept of moving dimensions, but for artificial ones within lazy minds.
Rather than just accepting the minus sign in front of the c^2t^2 as being there because it "just is there," this paper aims to look at the deeper reality which gives rise to the minus sign. A physicist's job is not to accept things on blind faith, nor only ask questions that are allowed to be asked, but a physicist's job is to wonder. And that wonder, which seems all but forgotten in the bureaucratization of modern physics, leads to the deeper beauty. "Imagination is more important than knowledge," was how one physicist put it.
Hello!
= 55
General relativity demonstrates that massive objects warp space-time, meaning that as a massive object moves though space-time, it stretches space-time, showing again that space-time in one area can move, or deform, relative to space-time in another area.
The time dimension is constantly expanding, relative to the three spatial dimensions.
Spherical Symmetry of Photon Propagation:
Quantum mechanics teaches us that a photon propagates as a spherically-symmetric wavefront. This is because a photon is mass rotated into the time dimension, which is expanding as a spherically-symmetric wavefront.
Spherical Symmetry of Time Expansion through Three Dimensions:
The projection of a sphere in two dimensions is a circle. The projection of the fourth dimension in three dimensions is a sphere. And because this fourth dimension, time, is expanding, it appears as an expanding sphere. For a photon to stay stationary in time, it moves through space with a velocity of c. Think about that--the photon stays stationary in time, while moving at a velocity of c relative to the three spatial diemensions. It expands as a spherically symmetrical wavefront by staying stationary in time. Therefore, time must be expanding in a spherically symmetric manner throughout space.
http://physicsmathforums.com/forumdisplay.php?f
Thanks!
I was looking for something like this!
Moving Dimensions & Entropy:
Because time is expanding as a spherically symmetric wavefront through the three spatial dimensions, photons, as well as all matter that interacts with photons, exhibits a probability to move in a spherically symmetric manner. Thus, if we have a clump of atoms in the middles of a room, a probability exists for the atoms to spread apart in a spherically symmetrical manner. at each point in space, they exhibit a probabilty of moving along any of the three spatial coordinates, carried along by the expanding time dimension.
Thanks for the link to Dr. Ord's work!
Best,
Elliot
Here's a preview of Dr. E's upcoming paper: The Theory of Moving Dimensions
Rest Energy:
Where does an object's rest energy come from? It comes from fact that the expanding time dimension is moving, giving a stationary object a velocity of c through space-time, even when the object appears at rest on a lab table. This massive velocity relative to time, when translated into the spatial dimensions via a Lorentz rotation of the velocity 4-vector, is manifested in engery.
The Photon's Null Vector:
How can we be comfortable that an entity of zero length moves at the speed of light? The only way for this to make sense is if the time dimension is moving relative to the spatial dimension. A null vector in space-time is defined by a photon, which moves at the velocity of light through space-time. So it is that to have zero length in space-time, an entity must translate through the three spatial dimensions at the velocity of light. This notion of maintaining zero interval by a velocity equal to c suggests that one of the coordinates, specifically the time coordinate, is moving at a velocity c relative to the three spatial coordinates.
The Notion of Standing Still in Space and Time:
The only way to remain stationary in space is to move through time with a velocity of c. The only way to remain stationary in time is to move through space with a velocity of c.
Thus the time and space dimensions must be moving relative to one another.
Einstein proclaimed that all objects travel through space-time at c. Even though we perceive a ruler along the x axis to be stationary, it is yet traveling through space-time at the fixed speed of c, implying that time is moving through it. Rotate it towards the y axis, and its projection upon the x axis shortens, yet it still appears to be stationary, and it is still traveling through space-time at the rate of c. Rotate it into the time dimension, and it's projection along the x axis still shortens (Lorentz contraction), but now it begins to move through the three spatial dimensions, while maintaining the fixed speed of c through space-time. Again, we see it move through the three spatial dimensions as it is rotated into the time dimension because the time dimension is moving relative to the three spatial dimensions.
As Brian Greene points out in the Appendix to Chapter 2 of The Elegant Universe, we note that from the space-time position 4-vector x=(ct,x1,x2,x3), we can create the velocity 4-vector u=dx/d(tau), where tau is the proper time defined by d(tau)^2=dt^2-c^-2(dx1^2+dx2^2+dx3^2). Then the "speed through space-time" is the magnitude of the 4-vector u, ((c^2dt^2-dx^2)/(dt^2-c^-2dx^2))^(1/2), which is identically the speed of light c. Now, we can rearrange the equation c^2(dt/d(tau))^2-(dx/d(tau))^2=c^2 to be c^2(d(tau)/dt))^2+(dx/d(tau))^2=c^2. This shows that an increase of an object's speed through space, (dx/d(tau))^2)^(1/2)= dx/d(tau) must be accompanied by a decrease in d(tau)/dt which is the object's speed through time, which also may be considered the rate at which time elapses on it's own clock d(tau) or the proper time, as compared with that on our stationary clock dt.
Conservation of Momemtum & Energy = Conservation of Momenergy
Red Shift
More Curvature = Slower Time:
Energy's Mass:
Energy has mass because energy is mass rotated fully into the moving time dimension. Energy has zero rest mass, as mass represents the component of an object that exists in the spatial dimensions, through which time can expand.
Time Dilation:
Clocks slow down as they approach the speed of light, because they catch up with the expanding time dimension. All clocks measure time based on the emission of photons. The faster a clock travels, the less chance there is for it to emit a photon, as the photon will be reabsorbed.
Constancy of c in all frames:
The measurement of time is always measured with some mechanism that is based on the propagation of photons, whether it be photons in a clock
I was hoping to see better arguments against Dr. E's theory of moving dimensions.
6
But I have to agree, it does stand unrefuted.
http://physicsmathforums.com/showthread.php?t=1
The time dimension is moving relative to the three spatial dimensions. Such a concept may be used to explain physical phenomena found in relativity and quantum mechanics. The constant speed of light, time dilation, Lorentzian contraction, wave-particle duality, the equivalence of mass and energy, the gravitational red-shift, and the second law of thermodynamics may all be explained on a deeper level by a theory of moving dimensions. Such a theory may also offer a path for the unification of Quantum Mechanics and Relativity.
The only way to stay still in the three spatial dimensions is to move at the velocity of light c through time. The only way to stay still in the time dimension is to move at the velocity of light c through space. How else can this be explained, but with space and time coordinates are in motion relative to one-another?
Best,
McCoy
It's all explained here--the time dimension is moving relative to the spatial dimensions, manifesting itself as a spherically-symmetric expanding wavefront through space: http://physicsmathforums.com/forumdisplay.php?f=55
Allow me to attempt some answers to your questions:
(A) How do you propose to measure velocity using only measurements of the time dimension? Last I checked, velocity is defined as (spatial units translated)/(temporal units translated).
ANSWER:
We must use the four-veloicty here.
Even when an object is stationary in space, it still moves with a vecocity of c through time. Einstein said this.
As Brian Greene points out in the Appendix to Chapter 2 of The Elegant Universe, we note that from the space-time position 4-vector x=(ct,x1,x2,x3), we can create the velocity 4-vector u=dx/d(tau), where tau is the proper time defined by d(tau)^2=dt^2-c^-2(dx1^2+dx2^2+dx3^2).
Then the "speed through space-time" is the magnitude of the 4-vector u,((c^2dt^2-dx^2)/(dt^2-c^-2dx^2))^(1/2), which is identically the speed of light c. Now, we can rearrange the equation c^2(dt/d(tau))^2-(dx/d(tau))^2=c^2 to be c^2(d(tau)/dt))^2+(dx/d(tau))^2=c^2. This shows that an increase of an object's speed through space, (dx/d(tau))^2)^(1/2)= dx/d(tau) must be
accompanied by a decrease in d(tau)/dt which is the object's speed through time, which also may be considered the rate at which time elapses on it's own clock d(tau) or the proper time, as compared with that on our stationary clock dt.
The only way to stay stationary in space is to move through time with the velocity of c (mass at rest).
The only way to stay stationary in time is to move through space with the velocity of c (photon).
Thus the spatial dimensions and time dimensions are moving relative to one-another.
How else to explain that by staying still in one, you are moving through the other, and vice versa?
(B) If we simply look at this in two dimensions, restraining spatial coordinates to the x direction, and our second dimension being time, your theory would have the origin of the t axis sliding up and down, while the x axis remains stationary. While this will change the appearance of our visual rendering of the coordinate system (for example, we may draw the x axis intersecting the t axis at t=-4s, for instance), it is simply smoke and mirrors. An event at (t1,6) will always be 4m away from an event at (t1,10). An event at (t2,-5) will always be |t2-t3| away from (t3,-5), no matter how much you shift the numerical origin of your t axis. My point is this: any coordinate system is relative to an arbitrarily chosen origin. While you may renumber your t axis as often as you wish, and thus have it "slide" to and fro relative to your other axes, the relative spacetime differences between events will remain the same.
The answers to (a) and (c) should make this apparent.
(C) Sorry, ran a bit long on (B), so i'll make this my last point. This point is one of semantics. You state that the time dimension expands as a spherically symmetric wavefront through space. Thus, you feel the time dimension has spatial components. Therefore, your time "dimension" is not a dimension at all, as it contains an x, y, and z component, each which
have a _set_ relationship to one another (they define a sphere, as you explicitly state above). For time to be its own dimension, it must be
possible for any relationship of x, y, and z to exist at any point t. Perhaps you stated this in a way you did not intend, or perhaps you simply can't wrap your head around four dimensions.
Answer:
The projection of a sphere in two dimensions is a circle.
The projection of the fourth dimension in three dimensions is a sphere.
For a photon to stay stationary in time, it moves through space with a velocity of c.
Think about that--the photon stays stationary in time, while moving at a velocity of c relative to the three spatial diemensions.
It expands as a spherically symmetrical wavefront by staying stationary in time.
Therefore, time must be expanding in a spherically symmetric manner throughout space.
Thanks for the feedback!