"the data comes from an underlying normal distribution"
You mean we often assume the residuals are normal; the data could be any distribution at all, that's why we fit models. There's plenty of parametric stuff you can do with different distributions on the residuals too; Google "R glm Poisson", "R glm binomial", or "R glm family".
Yes, i am aware there are other distributions. All I meant was that for parametric statistics there is an assumption about an underlying distribution either of the residuals or the distribution itself. I was just giving an example of an assumption. I could have said "the underlying distribution is [Poisson, binomial, exponential,Weibull, Gamma, Cauchy...]."
Before computers stats involved using parametric tests (t-tests, anova, etc) which made assumptions like "the data comes from an underlying normal distribution". BTW, in stats terms "normal" mean "Gaussian".
Now, with cheap and fast computers, we can actually compute the confidence intervals non-parametrically through permutation tests and bootstrapping without assuming anything about underlying distributions. In most cases, this non-parametric test is the "right thing to do". Most of the time, the results are the same as using a parametric test.
However, a HUGE disaster in empirical science has been the problem of multiple comparisons. With computers it is so easy to compute correlations and significance tests between every possible slice of your data set. Many "scientists" don't have good statistical knowledge and pray at the alter of "p < 0.05". They don't know about or understand the problem of multiple comparisons. So they do 20 tests, find one that comes out p0.05 and write a paper about it. They don't get that if you do 20 tests you are very very very likely to find one that come out p < 0.05.
Anyone who has access to excel or matlab can do this little experiment.
samp=50 normally distributed random numbers.
for x=1:100 test=50 normally distributed random numbers (mean=0, var=1); sig(x)=ttest(samp,test); end
now look at the sig vector. OMG, 5% of the tests came out significant!!!
Now you are writing a paper all about how x is linked to y. But you are essentially throwing dice and then writing a paper about why it came up '3-3'.
Exactly. Thanks for articulating what I was thinking but too pissed off to explain.
I propose that every time anyone goes to the doctor/hospital, they have to sign a consent form acknowledging that their treatment was developed using animals.
I think that would wake people up to the reality of the situation.
Although, i think this is changing. People are becoming more educated about the food industry. At least were I live in the north east US, there are tons of vegetarians.
The gallery is terrible. And the slashdot title is totally wrong. It is not 'The 9 Most Used Animals'. It was more like 9 animals that have been used to make interesting discoveries.
I work at Princeton University in Molecular Biology. The most studied animals are fruit flies (drosophila), c. elegans, zebrafish, mice, and rats. Frog embryos are commonly used, because they are massive. Songbirds are studied quiet a bit in neuroscience.
The vole research is interesting and well known, but it is niche. There are very few vole labs.
I do not know any lab at Princeton or NYU (my alma mater) that studies naked mole rats, moths, rabbits, pigs or dogs.
I also found it offensive that Discovery, a site supposedly dedicated to science, seem to be pandering to animal rights activists. Why mention some rare case of abuse? You want to talk animal abuse? Look at the food industry. You want to talk abuse? Look at how humans treat each other.
I admit i am totally naive about win7. (and vista). XPPro is the last windows i'm familiar with. But that windows7 is a liveCD sounds like a HUGE step in the right direction.
I'd be interested to hear just what a Mac calls home for
Since 10.4.7 the mac phones home a bit I'm sure a deeper google search might come up with a bit more.
But, using ipfw (the iptables of bsd/mac) rules you can restrict outbound traffic. So for example, you can prevent microsoft office from checking whether other copies are running on the same subnet. Or you could prevent any other service or application from sending information out. Noobproof and waterroof are frontends for ipfw.
Also the mac does have "FileVault" for disk encryption.
Ummm... what? Mac OSX is just as locked down as Windows.
Mac OSX is proprietary, but it isn't DRMed. There is no license-key to enter when installing the OS, and it never "phones home" to check if it is a valid copy.
Yes, Apple customer care will also recommend reformat and reinstall all too often. Although, if you take the time an effort and drag your machine into the genius bar, they will often do better.
some of the oldtime Mac users will even tell you never to buy Apple hardware when it's first released
Umm... not some. ALL mac users worth their salt know that you never buy the first version of a new design.
11/24 my windows machine is working perfectly,....11/28 come back from vacation turn my computer on and it updates itself with the 11/25 patches. As soon as they are installed all of a sudden my copy is no longer genuine and I get all the warnings....Spend 2 hours with Microsoft last night. product key is valid. They tell me that windows updater is corrupted and I need to reinstall the entire OS. I was told it is an "issue" when doing a custom upgrade from Vista.
Best argument for mac, linux, freebsd (insert your favorite non-DRMed OS here) ever.
It angers me to NO END that tech supports answer to all computer problems is "re-format and re-install". It is somewhat understandable since it can be very hard to figure out what kind of mess a machine is in on the end of a phone... but all consumer OSes should be able to boot into a live CD version of the OS that gives tech support access to the machine so they can diagnose the actual problem.
Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that mammals use at the neuro-muscular junction. Assuming this "fake meat" is actual muscle tissue with the proper nicotinic receptors, then if you pin down each end and pulse on ACh, you should be able to give it a work-out.
But personally, i think i would rather eat some lovely "organic" cow that has been eating grass and hanging out in a pasture. I don't have an ethical issue with eating meat, i do have an ethical issue with the treatment of animals in the food industry. Let's just fix the latter problem and focus on growing organs in vitro for transplant, not food.
I absolutely agree. In winter, instead of turning on your heat, you should just run your computer doing folding@home or whatever to try to put out enough heat to keep your place at a comfy temp. It's crazy to just put the electricity through a resistor when you could be getting CPU cycles out of it!!!
Pirates...whether they're stealing apps or cargo ships...are the lowest form of life.
thank you.
more of us (the slashdotters) need to speak out and communicate to our friends and families to stop stealing shit.
the way to reduce piracy is not through legal or technical means (which have both failed miserably) but through social change. It's unfortunate that the biggest thieves around are the ones running the country, but that can be a pillar on which to build the argument: "Do you want to be like the corrupt fucks on wall st?? taking shit that isn't yours?? fucking over constructive working people??"
Like many posts above, i agree that this is NOT telepathy. It is "communication through thought" (from TFA) in the sense that no one spoke or wrote anything down. In TFA they do not use the term ESP, that was added by the OP.
The easy *correct* experiment would be to ask the sender to think of right vs. left and then read that thought with EEG and then activate the receivers brain with transcranial magnetic stimulation over left vs. right visual cortex (TMS)
The much cooler and much harder experiment would be where the sender (with EEG) would see a zener card and the receiver would "attend" to the TMS experience and would have to guess
whether it was a circle, star, wave etc. After each guess the receiver would see the card so he could learn to interpret the TMS signals. That would be computer-aided ESP.
I concede that i was incorrect to place the blame on the brownouts specifically. I should have said home PC hardware failures are caused mostly by electrical problems.. I mention the brownouts because that is something visible (as opposed to the spikes.)
Most home computer hardware failures come from "brownouts".
If you notice that your lights dim a little bit when your fridge compressor or AirCon comes on, that is a recipe for a computer failure. Spend $50 get a UPS Btw, i noticed that my linksys wifi router was also extremely sensitive to brownouts. It would get funked up and need to be power cycled. Plug it into a UPS , no more wifi problems either.
I learned this the hard way when i moved to an old building in the east village of NYC and had 3 motherboards/cpu fail within a 3 month period.
Slashdot Mirror
"the data comes from an underlying normal distribution"
You mean we often assume the residuals are normal; the data could be any distribution at all, that's why we fit models. There's plenty of parametric stuff you can do with different distributions on the residuals too; Google "R glm Poisson", "R glm binomial", or "R glm family".
Yes, i am aware there are other distributions. All I meant was that for parametric statistics there is an assumption about an underlying distribution either of the residuals or the distribution itself. I was just giving an example of an assumption. I could have said "the underlying distribution is [Poisson, binomial, exponential,Weibull, Gamma, Cauchy...]."
Before computers stats involved using parametric tests (t-tests, anova, etc) which made assumptions like "the data comes from an underlying normal distribution". BTW, in stats terms "normal" mean "Gaussian".
Now, with cheap and fast computers, we can actually compute the confidence intervals non-parametrically through permutation tests and bootstrapping without assuming anything about underlying distributions. In most cases, this non-parametric test is the "right thing to do". Most of the time, the results are the same as using a parametric test.
However, a HUGE disaster in empirical science has been the problem of multiple comparisons. With computers it is so easy to compute correlations and significance tests between every possible slice of your data set. Many "scientists" don't have good statistical knowledge and pray at the alter of "p < 0.05". They don't know about or understand the problem of multiple comparisons. So they do 20 tests, find one that comes out p0.05 and write a paper about it. They don't get that if you do 20 tests you are very very very likely to find one that come out p < 0.05.
Anyone who has access to excel or matlab can do this little experiment.
samp=50 normally distributed random numbers.
for x=1:100
test=50 normally distributed random numbers (mean=0, var=1);
sig(x)=ttest(samp,test);
end
now look at the sig vector. OMG, 5% of the tests came out significant!!!
Now you are writing a paper all about how x is linked to y. But you are essentially throwing dice and then writing a paper about why it came up '3-3'.
Exactly. Thanks for articulating what I was thinking but too pissed off to explain.
I propose that every time anyone goes to the doctor/hospital, they have to sign a consent form acknowledging that their treatment was developed using animals.
I think that would wake people up to the reality of the situation.
Although, i think this is changing. People are becoming more educated about the food industry. At least were I live in the north east US, there are tons of vegetarians.
Songbirds are studied quiet
That's irony, to study something quiet that's naturally not quiet.
ooops. my bad. quite.
mod parent up!
The gallery is terrible. And the slashdot title is totally wrong. It is not 'The 9 Most Used Animals'. It was more like 9 animals that have been used to make interesting discoveries.
I work at Princeton University in Molecular Biology. The most studied animals are fruit flies (drosophila), c. elegans, zebrafish, mice, and rats. Frog embryos are commonly used, because they are massive. Songbirds are studied quiet a bit in neuroscience.
The vole research is interesting and well known, but it is niche. There are very few vole labs.
I do not know any lab at Princeton or NYU (my alma mater) that studies naked mole rats, moths, rabbits, pigs or dogs.
I also found it offensive that Discovery, a site supposedly dedicated to science, seem to be pandering to animal rights activists. Why mention some rare case of abuse? You want to talk animal abuse? Look at the food industry. You want to talk abuse? Look at how humans treat each other.
I admit i am totally naive about win7. (and vista). XPPro is the last windows i'm familiar with. But that windows7 is a liveCD sounds like a HUGE step in the right direction.
I'd be interested to hear just what a Mac calls home for
Since 10.4.7 the mac phones home a bit I'm sure a deeper google search might come up with a bit more.
But, using ipfw (the iptables of bsd/mac) rules you can restrict outbound traffic. So for example, you can prevent microsoft office from checking whether other copies are running on the same subnet. Or you could prevent any other service or application from sending information out. Noobproof and waterroof are frontends for ipfw.
Also the mac does have "FileVault" for disk encryption.
Mac OS X Server requires a license key and from what I've read sends the key to Apple over the Internet.
Good to know. But most users are installing the non-server non-phone-home version of the OS.
Ummm... what? Mac OSX is just as locked down as Windows.
Mac OSX is proprietary, but it isn't DRMed. There is no license-key to enter when installing the OS, and it never "phones home" to check if it is a valid copy.
Apple is just as bad.
Yes, Apple customer care will also recommend reformat and reinstall all too often. Although, if you take the time an effort and drag your machine into the genius bar, they will often do better.
some of the oldtime Mac users will even tell you never to buy Apple hardware when it's first released
Umm... not some. ALL mac users worth their salt know that you never buy the first version of a new design.
11/24 my windows machine is working perfectly,....11/28 come back from vacation turn my computer on and it updates itself with the 11/25 patches. As soon as they are installed all of a sudden my copy is no longer genuine and I get all the warnings....Spend 2 hours with Microsoft last night. product key is valid. They tell me that windows updater is corrupted and I need to reinstall the entire OS. I was told it is an "issue" when doing a custom upgrade from Vista.
Best argument for mac, linux, freebsd (insert your favorite non-DRMed OS here) ever.
It angers me to NO END that tech supports answer to all computer problems is "re-format and re-install". It is somewhat understandable since it can be very hard to figure out what kind of mess a machine is in on the end of a phone... but all consumer OSes should be able to boot into a live CD version of the OS that gives tech support access to the machine so they can diagnose the actual problem.
Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that mammals use at the neuro-muscular junction. Assuming this "fake meat" is actual muscle tissue with the proper nicotinic receptors, then if you pin down each end and pulse on ACh, you should be able to give it a work-out.
But personally, i think i would rather eat some lovely "organic" cow that has been eating grass and hanging out in a pasture. I don't have an ethical issue with eating meat, i do have an ethical issue with the treatment of animals in the food industry. Let's just fix the latter problem and focus on growing organs in vitro for transplant, not food.
I absolutely agree. In winter, instead of turning on your heat, you should just run your computer doing folding@home or whatever to try to put out enough heat to keep your place at a comfy temp. It's crazy to just put the electricity through a resistor when you could be getting CPU cycles out of it!!!
MOD PARENT UP!
Pirates...whether they're stealing apps or cargo ships...are the lowest form of life.
thank you.
more of us (the slashdotters) need to speak out and communicate to our friends and families to stop stealing shit.
the way to reduce piracy is not through legal or technical means (which have both failed miserably) but through social change. It's unfortunate that the biggest thieves around are the ones running the country, but that can be a pillar on which to build the argument: "Do you want to be like the corrupt fucks on wall st?? taking shit that isn't yours?? fucking over constructive working people??"
no, i didn't think so.
. Pay cash for a Net 10 and they have no idea whose phone it is.
I'm not sure this works in the US.... do any networks let you pay cash for a SIM card?
Obviously, if you were a serious criminal you could keep a stash of anonymous SIM cards and just pay the roaming fees. ;)
.....a tramp stamp that reports blood alcohol level?
Last time i checked most people carry a cellphone which authorities can use to locate your person at all times.
BUT electricity usage can be used to get a warrant to search your home:
"An unusually high electricity bill alerted police to a possible marijuana-growing operation, the warrant said."
reminds me of this
Try the K-Meleon browser.
i use mac and linux you insensitive clod!
Like many posts above, i agree that this is NOT telepathy. It is "communication through thought" (from TFA) in the sense that no one spoke or wrote anything down. In TFA they do not use the term ESP, that was added by the OP.
The easy *correct* experiment would be to ask the sender to think of right vs. left and then read that thought with EEG and then activate the receivers brain with transcranial magnetic stimulation over left vs. right visual cortex (TMS)
The much cooler and much harder experiment would be where the sender (with EEG) would see a zener card and the receiver would "attend" to the TMS experience and would have to guess
whether it was a circle, star, wave etc. After each guess the receiver would see the card so he could learn to interpret the TMS signals. That would be computer-aided ESP.
and YIAA neuroscientist.
I concede that i was incorrect to place the blame on the brownouts specifically. I should have said home PC hardware failures are caused mostly by electrical problems.. I mention the brownouts because that is something visible (as opposed to the spikes.)
And getting a cheap UPS solved the problem. Specifically I got an , which was around $50.
If you spend $500 to $5000 on a computer (or other electronics), it is a good investment to protect it with a $50 UPS.
Most home computer hardware failures come from "brownouts".
If you notice that your lights dim a little bit when your fridge compressor or AirCon comes on, that is a recipe for a computer failure. Spend $50 get a UPS
Btw, i noticed that my linksys wifi router was also extremely sensitive to brownouts. It would get funked up and need to be power cycled. Plug it into a UPS , no more wifi problems either.
I learned this the hard way when i moved to an old building in the east village of NYC and had 3 motherboards/cpu fail within a 3 month period.
although your post made me laugh, the people who actually have to do the work piss and moan in almost every industry about doing their job.
I spend almost all my time on WIFI. So i would be happy to pay only $10 for 100 MB a month
Since April 22, 2009:
Sent : 72 MB
Received: 535 MB