Is to have an official approved calculator provided by the university - students can get to handle it in the admin office before the examination. We also provide official foreign language dictionaries for the examination upon request. It is the university wide policy which applies to all examinations and the students are informed up front.
I too archive all my emails. The solution I use is quite simple compared to others proposed here.
I have postfix deliver a copy of all mails to an archive directory with mailbox file per year as well as to my inbox (or other mailboxes depending on filtering rules). Each archival mailbox file is about 5GB compressed.
Filtering these mailboxes by header using mutt is a very fast operation and even doing in-body searches and views takes less time than it takes gzip to uncompress the files. Obviously they can easily be backed up in the usual ways.
These systems typically have short range in air and thus require many antennas closely spaced. The consequence is that distances are smaller and therefore, due to the inverse square law, the power needed at each antenna is much smaller and the average power in the environment will be much smaller.
For cheap millimetre wave RF frontends for e.g. future picocell wirless broadband systems operating at > 60GHz. Currently electronic components operating at those frequencies are not compatible with standard fabrication processes and so are expensive. Having Silicon CMOS compatible devices would be a big step forward.
Emacs certainly can do folding on both programming and text files (outline-mode) - and possibly for other file types. It also has selective display which hides lines on the basis of indentation which would work for many file types not otherwise covered.
If lecturers are really doing this then they are probably infringing copyright unless they got permission from the copyright holder. Perhaps you should tell them (or the administration) that.
Well I don't have a problem considering themselves students if they are paying for their education as long as they understand what they are paying for. It is not certificates, or exam passes, or knowledge. It is for the educational process. It seems to me this coursework represents some very good educational process. You always learn better by doing than having someone lecture at you - a bargain in those terms!
On the otherhand, this is the first time it was run and so some pragmatism and adjustments in how the coursework is assessed may be needed. Not an unusual situation to be in if you try something new.
While optics is good for improving communications bandwidth it is not so good for processing. Indeed the same properties which make it good for communications (the difficulty of getting photonics to interact with each other) is precisely what makes it unsuitable for all but the simplest processing functions. Electrons on the other hand interact with each other easily making them good for processing put poor for communications.
If you look at where optical processing research is heading currently it is primarily for tag based routing in high speed networks (beyond 20Gbps) - any more advanced processing in the network is carried out electronically on a 10GHz or lower demultiplex.
While indeed computers can replace the need to memorise information they do not replace understanding. Real learning is about gaining and understanding and insights such that you can synthesise new knowledge. The use of computers is somwehat limited in that regard (except for a few notable exceptions perhaps in expert systems and mathematical derivations).
I believe, unfortunately, that students (and many others) are often substituting the superficial ease of "looking uo stuff" online to gaining true understanding. Indeed I see this where students will often plagiarise content from online sources without adding any insight or interpretation of their own. It is intellectual laziness.
Therefore while I believe computers are a useful tool, one which everyone should know how to use, they do not replace a good education. Additonally it is much harder to evaluate online sources than say books - this is part of the low cost of entry to publishing online - there is little peer review o fact checking.
In terms of memorisation, sometime it is only by familiarity that memorisation requires that a deeper unferstanding can easily be obtained. It ican be a useful educational tool, one amoung many.
Diffraction and interferences are linear processes - you need a nonlinear process (such as the change in index used in the devices) to have one signal modify another.
Actually you emails are copyright so your aunt does not have the right to publish it on the internet or anywhere else without express permission of you, the copyright holder. Similarly permission should be sought for resending on the information, although of course in most cases this is considered implicit by context.
Funnily enough I am going to run something like this as a project for my undergraduate electronic engineering students next year. While they won't complete it in time for your needs some ideas I had thought of where
Use some form of detection such as motion detectors (like those used for home alarms) or possibly image processing of the real time video on the web cam server (a bit kore challenging/fun)
Only update and log sequences of images around a detected event (both before it and after to ensure nothing importantis missed).
Possibly have the system send an email when an event is detected
One of the advantages I see of such a system is that it could store and serve pretty good real time video of detected events, rather than simply updating poor quality low rate video all the time and of course the "push" element would be useful for an alarm system
We shouldn't get too upset about this - they are just making explicit what has always beenn the case. Email is, and always has been, I believe copyright in all countries that have signed up to the Berne Convention.
To have a copy is not to have the copyright. All the E-mail you write is copyrighted. However, E-mail is not, unless previously agreed, secret. So you can certainly report on what E-mail you are sent, and reveal what it says. You can even quote parts of it to demonstrate. Normal fair use applies.
Somebody who sues over an ordinary message might well get no damages, because the message has no commercial value, but if you want to stay strictly in the law, you should ask first.
BTW I am not a lawyer but do teach the use of the internet.
I would just like to point out that cellular systems provide spatial multiplexing so that frequencies can be reused over and over again. Rather than increasing the bandwidth that we require we can go so smaller and smaller cells in a cellular system - down to so called microcells and picocells with base stations on every street, home or even room. With these types of systems we want low power short range radio transmission to reduce co-channel interference and to enable efficient reuse of the frequencies. There are currently two main frequency ranges of interest for this - around 27GHz and around 60 GHZ. The advantage of such high frequencies as 60GHz is that they are absorbed easily by the water in air so their range is very small enable very small cells.
As for the transmission bandwidth of air - well lets say vacuum UV starts at a wavelength of 200nm - this corresponds to a frequency of 1500THz! However as we go to higher and higher frequencies the radiation will travel in more direct paths and suffer more from scattering and so in practice I expect the 60-70GHz type range is probably as far as is practical for broadcast systems. Point to point links can of course use optical wavelenegths.
In relation to error rates, usually when quoting transmission rates for optical fibre systems they are for error rates of 1 in 10E9, although there is a trend nowadays to quote transmission rates after forward error correcting codes have been applied (which I think is cheating except for those systems which don't work at all without FEC's).
The 160GBit/s will be a number of multiplexed channels which can be optically demultiplexed down to lower rates at which electronic error detection can be done (10 or 20 Gbit/s). Further demultiplexing down to even lower rates might be necessary for processing. In current networks these types of 'fat' pipes would be used for point to point links and not much functionality beyond demultiplexing / multiplexing and channel add and drop is required.
Research is however heading towards an all optical network including the optical optical control and switching of optical signals operating at 10's of Gbit rates and the switching between optical wavelengths of a wavelength division multiplexed system containing a number of such channels. As the article mentioned Marconi have a WDM switch already on the market. We are likely to see many more such devices in the future.
Slashdot Mirror
Is to have an official approved calculator provided by the university - students can get to handle it in the admin office before the examination. We also provide official foreign language dictionaries for the examination upon request. It is the university wide policy which applies to all examinations and the students are informed up front.
I too archive all my emails. The solution I use is quite simple compared to others proposed here.
I have postfix deliver a copy of all mails to an archive directory with mailbox file per year as well as to my inbox (or other mailboxes depending on filtering rules). Each archival mailbox file is about 5GB compressed.
Filtering these mailboxes by header using mutt is a very fast operation and even doing in-body searches and views takes less time than it takes gzip to uncompress the files. Obviously they can easily be backed up in the usual ways.
3DEs uses 2 keys but 3 cycles - one key is used twice
These systems typically have short range in air and thus require many antennas closely spaced. The consequence is that distances are smaller and therefore, due to the inverse square law, the power needed at each antenna is much smaller and the average power in the environment will be much smaller.
Indeed it might well be used to form the basis for final year undergraduate or MSc projects and get a lot of develop time that way.
Energy is a scalar not a vector - no direction. Flow of energy (power) has a direction.
2DES is worse than DES (because of some of the symmetry properties of the DES algorithm). That is why we have 3DES using 2 DES keys.
For cheap millimetre wave RF frontends for e.g. future picocell wirless broadband systems operating at > 60GHz. Currently electronic components operating at those frequencies are not compatible with standard fabrication processes and so are expensive. Having Silicon CMOS compatible devices would be a big step forward.
Emacs certainly can do folding on both programming and text files (outline-mode) - and possibly for other file types. It also has selective display which hides lines on the basis of indentation which would work for many file types not otherwise covered.
If lecturers are really doing this then they are probably infringing copyright unless they got permission from the copyright holder. Perhaps you should tell them (or the administration) that.
"As a student, I'm the consumer. "
Well I don't have a problem considering themselves students if they are paying for their education as long as they understand what they are paying for. It is not certificates, or exam passes, or knowledge. It is for the educational process. It seems to me this coursework represents some very good educational process. You always learn better by doing than having someone lecture at you - a bargain in those terms!
On the otherhand, this is the first time it was run and so some pragmatism and adjustments in how the coursework is assessed may be needed. Not an unusual situation to be in if you try something new.
While optics is good for improving communications bandwidth it is not so good for processing. Indeed the same properties which make it good for communications (the difficulty of getting photonics to interact with each other) is precisely what makes it unsuitable for all but the simplest processing functions. Electrons on the other hand interact with each other easily making them good for processing put poor for communications.
If you look at where optical processing research is heading currently it is primarily for tag based routing in high speed networks (beyond 20Gbps) - any more advanced processing in the network is carried out electronically on a 10GHz or lower demultiplex.
While indeed computers can replace the need to memorise information they do not replace understanding. Real learning is about gaining and understanding and insights such that you can synthesise new knowledge. The use of computers is somwehat limited in that regard (except for a few notable exceptions perhaps in expert systems and mathematical derivations).
I believe, unfortunately, that students (and many others) are often substituting the superficial ease of "looking uo stuff" online to gaining true understanding. Indeed I see this where students will often plagiarise content from online sources without adding any insight or interpretation of their own. It is intellectual laziness.
Therefore while I believe computers are a useful tool, one which everyone should know how to use, they do not replace a good education. Additonally it is much harder to evaluate online sources than say books - this is part of the low cost of entry to publishing online - there is little peer review o fact checking.
In terms of memorisation, sometime it is only by familiarity that memorisation requires that a deeper unferstanding can easily be obtained. It ican be a useful educational tool, one amoung many.
Diffraction and interferences are linear processes - you need a nonlinear process (such as the change in index used in the devices) to have one signal modify another.
Actually you emails are copyright so your aunt does not have the right to publish it on the internet or anywhere else without express permission of you, the copyright holder. Similarly permission should be sought for resending on the information, although of course in most cases this is considered implicit by context.
Funnily enough I am going to run something like this as a project for my undergraduate electronic engineering students next year. While they won't complete it in time for your needs some ideas I had thought of where
One of the advantages I see of such a system is that it could store and serve pretty good real time video of detected events, rather than simply updating poor quality low rate video all the time and of course the "push" element would be useful for an alarm system
We shouldn't get too upset about this - they are just making explicit what has always beenn the case. Email is, and always has been, I believe copyright in all countries that have signed up to the Berne Convention.
To have a copy is not to have the copyright. All the E-mail you write is copyrighted. However, E-mail is not, unless previously agreed, secret. So you can certainly report on what E-mail you are sent, and reveal what it says. You can even quote parts of it to demonstrate. Normal fair use applies.
Somebody who sues over an ordinary message might well get no damages, because the message has no commercial value, but if you want to stay strictly in the law, you should ask first.
BTW I am not a lawyer but do teach the use of the internet.
I would just like to point out that cellular systems provide spatial multiplexing so that frequencies can be reused over and over again. Rather than increasing the bandwidth that we require we can go so smaller and smaller cells in a cellular system - down to so called microcells and picocells with base stations on every street, home or even room. With these types of systems we want low power short range radio transmission to reduce co-channel interference and to enable efficient reuse of the frequencies. There are currently two main frequency ranges of interest for this - around 27GHz and around 60 GHZ. The advantage of such high frequencies as 60GHz is that they are absorbed easily by the water in air so their range is very small enable very small cells.
As for the transmission bandwidth of air - well lets say vacuum UV starts at a wavelength of 200nm - this corresponds to a frequency of 1500THz! However as we go to higher and higher frequencies the radiation will travel in more direct paths and suffer more from scattering and so in practice I expect the 60-70GHz type range is probably as far as is practical for broadcast systems. Point to point links can of course use optical wavelenegths.
In relation to error rates, usually when quoting transmission rates for optical fibre systems they are for error rates of 1 in 10E9, although there is a trend nowadays to quote transmission rates after forward error correcting codes have been applied (which I think is cheating except for those systems which don't work at all without FEC's).
The 160GBit/s will be a number of multiplexed channels which can be optically demultiplexed down to lower rates at which electronic error detection can be done (10 or 20 Gbit/s). Further demultiplexing down to even lower rates might be necessary for processing. In current networks these types of 'fat' pipes would be used for point to point links and not much functionality beyond demultiplexing / multiplexing and channel add and drop is required.
Research is however heading towards an all optical network including the optical optical control and switching of optical signals operating at 10's of Gbit rates and the switching between optical wavelengths of a wavelength division multiplexed system containing a number of such channels. As the article mentioned Marconi have a WDM switch already on the market. We are likely to see many more such devices in the future.