Domain: nist.gov
Stories and comments across the archive that link to nist.gov.
Comments · 1,805
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Re:Javascript means no dice
First of all, you can't flatly blame the scripting language for the deficiencies of the hosting environment.
Secondly, I can't take your rant seriously. At all. There are a plethora of Web 1.0 ways to compromise modern browsers:I can only assume that you access Slashdot using nothing more than a telnet client and rendering the HTML with your mind, because those web browsers, well, like you said, they make surfing teh intarweb "like inviting a stranger from an L.A. street into your car or home. You never know what you're getting every time you click a link[...]. I don't like to play russian roulette."
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Re:Javascript means no dice
First of all, you can't flatly blame the scripting language for the deficiencies of the hosting environment.
Secondly, I can't take your rant seriously. At all. There are a plethora of Web 1.0 ways to compromise modern browsers:I can only assume that you access Slashdot using nothing more than a telnet client and rendering the HTML with your mind, because those web browsers, well, like you said, they make surfing teh intarweb "like inviting a stranger from an L.A. street into your car or home. You never know what you're getting every time you click a link[...]. I don't like to play russian roulette."
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Re:Javascript means no dice
First of all, you can't flatly blame the scripting language for the deficiencies of the hosting environment.
Secondly, I can't take your rant seriously. At all. There are a plethora of Web 1.0 ways to compromise modern browsers:I can only assume that you access Slashdot using nothing more than a telnet client and rendering the HTML with your mind, because those web browsers, well, like you said, they make surfing teh intarweb "like inviting a stranger from an L.A. street into your car or home. You never know what you're getting every time you click a link[...]. I don't like to play russian roulette."
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Re:Javascript means no dice
First of all, you can't flatly blame the scripting language for the deficiencies of the hosting environment.
Secondly, I can't take your rant seriously. At all. There are a plethora of Web 1.0 ways to compromise modern browsers:I can only assume that you access Slashdot using nothing more than a telnet client and rendering the HTML with your mind, because those web browsers, well, like you said, they make surfing teh intarweb "like inviting a stranger from an L.A. street into your car or home. You never know what you're getting every time you click a link[...]. I don't like to play russian roulette."
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Re:Javascript means no dice
First of all, you can't flatly blame the scripting language for the deficiencies of the hosting environment.
Secondly, I can't take your rant seriously. At all. There are a plethora of Web 1.0 ways to compromise modern browsers:I can only assume that you access Slashdot using nothing more than a telnet client and rendering the HTML with your mind, because those web browsers, well, like you said, they make surfing teh intarweb "like inviting a stranger from an L.A. street into your car or home. You never know what you're getting every time you click a link[...]. I don't like to play russian roulette."
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Re:Backups don't need to be tricky these daysMaybe you're lucky, or perhaps I'm just unlucky, but I have a number of CD-Rs from ~1999 that are unreadable. Failure mode is that the discs just can't be mounted - if you try running recovery tools over them and you just get a buckletload of non-recoverable errors.
I also have some discs from the same era that are fine. The difference? The brand. The good discs are Imation branded, the bad discs are all unbranded.
Storage conditions also play a critical role in data longevity though - more on that in this PDF
To summarise:
- Keep the discs in the dark
- Low humidity
- Do not write on directly to the disc surface, write on the box
- Store them vertically
- Keep cool but above freezing
I'd add: Use branded discs from a reputable manufacturer with stated lifespan data -
NIST review of available tools:
More details than CNN
"This report gives an overview of current forensic software, designed for acquisition, examination, and reporting of data discovered on cellular handheld devices, and an understanding of their capabilities and limitations."
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistir/nistir-72 50.pdf -
Re:WTC was designed for large fuel-filled objects
No doubt this is all false as it's a government body but why don't you read this and try to refute their claims: http://wtc.nist.gov/
I am not an engineer, nor am I a self-studied expert in the WTC clusterfuck. But it seems that someone else has already undertaken a critique of the NIST report: http://911research.wtc7.net/essays/nist/index.html .
No one's responded to my statements that it would've been nice to have had an analysis performed on the WTC steel. Maybe you can tell me why such an analysis was unnecessary.
I guess it just depends on who you'd rather believe: our loving, caring governmental overlords, or individuals who noticed discrepancies in the official fairy-tale, and have dedicated themselves to exposing massive tyranny & betrayal. -
Re:WTC was designed for large fuel-filled objects
You also need to explain the collapse of WTC7. No planes, minor debris (it was some distance away). There were some fires and, hours later, *pop*, it liquified too. See www.wtc7.net.
Some fires? Would that "some" include the fire raging across several floors for several hours that was pretty much unattended as the resources were stretched so thin?
Remember that we're searching for truth here. No point in believing falsehoods
If you're searching for the truth why would you accept the claim that there were only "some" fires when there is plenty of documentary evidence to the contrary? Could it be because it doesn't fit in with your world view and you are unwilling to accept anything that isn't spoon fed to you by the Alex Joneses of this world, who make quite a good living out of regurgitating this shit.
No doubt this is all false as it's a government body but why don't you read this and try to refute their claims: http://wtc.nist.gov/
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Re:libwikipedia?
Another thing to note is that the file, enwiki8, isn't actually 100mb, it's 100,000,000 byte, ie 10^8 byte, not 100*2^20 byte. So not really 100mb. To me this is strange, I mean any real CS guy would have gone with binary, right? Only a real newbie would go with the exact decimal number that make very little sense in computer terms.
Of course the file is not just 100 millibits (100mb); that would amount to 1/10 of a bit. It is however 100 MB (100 000 000 bytes). It is, of course, not 100 MiB (104 857 600 Bytes).
See here to get enlightened. -
Re:Why I refuse to add to wikipedia anymore
adding information [...] that I had solid 100% reliable information on, [...] deleted because [...] the information was only "hearsay". Well, months later, the information turned out 100% correct
Well, duh, that's the whole point of what Wikipedia is supposed to be. The official policy is that the criterion for inclusion in Wikipedia is Verifiability, not truth. That it turned out to be true much later is irrelevant — how is your "information" to be distinguished from rumours and idle speculation? (If a notable number of people are indeed speculating on the same, you could maybe link to the message board or wherever the discussion is, with the words "It is speculated that ".
Now as to your other vandalism,Kilobyte has been 1024 bytes for over 50 years. It is a de facto standard.
It is no such thing. A little reading around will show you that the entire situation with binary/SI prefixes is horrid mess, with at least three definitions of "megabyte" that are in usage, so the only sensible thing to do is to follow the standards. Funny that you should speak of "confusing people by changing the standards" when you're the one doing it. Also, it is exactly to avoid ambiguity like ton(ne)/metric ton(ne) that we must use the mebibyte (etc.) notation — "megabyte" is ambiguous; "mebibyte" has exactly one meaning.
I guess you're American — your insistence on "erroneous kibibyte to proper kilobyte" is comparable to saying "everyone knows mm/dd/yy is the standard format" (as opposed to ISO 8601: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss) or "no one uses the metric system".
FWIW, I've seen some GNOME apps, Azureus, etc., switching to the standard binary prefixes; and eventually (hopefully) all software will follow, and the world will be a less confusing place in at least one respect. -
Re:Out of Date and WorthlessI assume the paper that you are describing is the 2004 study. The paper described in the talk (which was given 6 months ago or so) described results of the TREC 2005 Spam Track which took place in November 2005. It included a test SpamAssassin 3.x, not 2.3.
TREC 2006 evaluations are now underway.
While it is reasonable to conjecture that spam has changed so as to defeat spam filtering techniques, or will change so as to defeat the PPM technique that did well at TREC, the historical evidence does not support this conjecture. In particular:
- The spam filters tested in 2004 give pretty well exactly the same performance on 2005 and 2006 data.
- New versions of the filters are a little bit better, but not by leaps and bounds, and also get about the same results over the last 2.5 years of data.
- There is no evidence that "Bayesian poisining" is a viable technique for defeating statistical spam filters in anything but a very artifical laboratory environment where the poisoner has access to the recipient's inbox
Andrej Bratko used PPM -- a well-known data compression technique to compress ham and spam separately. Well actually he didn't compress them but just build the statistical model necessary to compress them. Then he simply (tentatively) added the unknown message to each model and chose the one that compressed it best. The general technique of using compression has been mentioned here and elsewhere but Bratko used a much stronger compression scheme and was somewhat clever about it.
I later reproduced Bratko's results using DMC -- a compression schem that I invented 20 years ago -- and got some interesting results. We have a journal article in press describing it and also an evaluation paper at CEAS 2006.
Bratko A., Cormack G. V., Filipic B., Lynam T. R. and Zupan B., Spam Filtering Using Statistical Data Compression Models
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Re:Comparision
That's a very limited look at what Google is doing... like their machine translation group scored first at NIST 2005 Machine Translation Evaluation Official Results.
The MT-05 evaluation consisted of two tasks. Each task required performing translation from a given source language into the target language. The source languages were Arabic and Chinese, and the target language was English.
And this is probably just a little fraction of their research. Same would probably go for Microsoft Research...
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Re:Nope
guys, There's a lot of conspiracy mongering and mininformation being spread around about Galileo and the GPS systems and how they work. Here's three links that should help address this: Here's the link to NIST's time and freq. group. http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/index.html Here's the link to the United States Naval Observatory site, which oversee's the GPS system (with airspace commant). http://www.usno.navy.mil/ And here's the link to the link farm of the ESA, or rather to the EU's overall scientific administrative body. http://www.edpsciences.org/index.cfm?niv1=useful_
l inks For specific information about the Galileo project, search "ESA" "Galileo" and Technical specifications... I posted more specific links on the difference between the Galileo and US GPS systems elsewhere on slashdot, in particular regarding the encryption schemes and hard science related to each systems operations. Galileo relies on the L1 carrier freq. used by the US GPS system, but this carrier freq. is "public", and "degraded" by definition (the C/A, or Coarse Acquisiton, signal). This is NOT proprietary to the EU's Galileo system, and it's dishonest for the EU to sell it as such commercially. The dual and multi-channel navcom services that the EU claims it wants to commercially exploit are not designed independently of the L1 carrier signal that the US system offers to everyone (conditionally). Please, just check the sites above. Thanks, Grouchy -
Reasons were given, but not to the public.
No, the CMVP does not provide the information regarding the status or reason on the website that lists all the approved modules. It does however inform the certification lab that performs the testing on the module of the problem, and then the lab informs the OpenSSL folks. Then the vendor and lab work together to fix whatever it is that brought up the problem.
I don't know what the specific problem is with their module validation, but it's probably more of a paperwork issue than a technical problem. There are testing requirements that are described in the publically available Derived Test Requirements at http://csrc.nist.gov/cryptval/ as well as more information than you'll ever want to know about the FIPS 140-2 cert.
Each crypto module has a publically available Security Policy that describes how the module works in regards to each section of the FIPS 140-2 standard. Skim through http://csrc.nist.gov/cryptval/140-1/140sp/140sp642 .pdf to read the Security Policy for OpenSSL. It could be that information in that security policy doesn't jive with how the module actually works, or how CMVP thinks that it works. That's enough of a discrepency that CMVP would start this whole hub-bub.
So hopefully the OpenSSL people will be able to provide whatever other information that they have to and they'll be revalidated and all the noise will die down. Could the competition have gone through the source code and looked for any possible reason to make problems for the OSS institute? Absolutely. But that's not the guhb'ment.
But hey, it's a lot more fun to put on the tinfoil hats and speak of dark conspiracies and governmental corruption. :) -
Reasons were given, but not to the public.
No, the CMVP does not provide the information regarding the status or reason on the website that lists all the approved modules. It does however inform the certification lab that performs the testing on the module of the problem, and then the lab informs the OpenSSL folks. Then the vendor and lab work together to fix whatever it is that brought up the problem.
I don't know what the specific problem is with their module validation, but it's probably more of a paperwork issue than a technical problem. There are testing requirements that are described in the publically available Derived Test Requirements at http://csrc.nist.gov/cryptval/ as well as more information than you'll ever want to know about the FIPS 140-2 cert.
Each crypto module has a publically available Security Policy that describes how the module works in regards to each section of the FIPS 140-2 standard. Skim through http://csrc.nist.gov/cryptval/140-1/140sp/140sp642 .pdf to read the Security Policy for OpenSSL. It could be that information in that security policy doesn't jive with how the module actually works, or how CMVP thinks that it works. That's enough of a discrepency that CMVP would start this whole hub-bub.
So hopefully the OpenSSL people will be able to provide whatever other information that they have to and they'll be revalidated and all the noise will die down. Could the competition have gone through the source code and looked for any possible reason to make problems for the OSS institute? Absolutely. But that's not the guhb'ment.
But hey, it's a lot more fun to put on the tinfoil hats and speak of dark conspiracies and governmental corruption. :) -
I got this in the fips-nis-update mailing list
3:00 pm -- Tuesday, July 18, 2006
http://oss-institute.org/index.php?option=content& task=view&id=166&Itemid=
OpenSSL Module Certification Number 642: back on again...
To: OSSI
From: DOMUS IT Labs
RE: Status of OpenSSL Module (Certification #642)
I received a call this afternoon (Tuesday, July 18, 2006) from the NIST side from the CMVP. They have indicated that certificate #642 had incorrectly been marked as "revoked" during the web site update on Friday 14-Jul-2006. The CMVP has returned the certificate to its "not available" status and posted the following explanation regarding the terminology:
If a validation certificate is marked not available, the module is no longer available for procurement, but may still be retained and used to demonstrate compliance to FIPS 140-1 or FIPS 140-2.
If a validation certificate is marked as revoked, the module validation is no longer valid and may not be referenced to demonstrate compliance to FIPS 140-1 or FIPS 140-2.
Refer to http://csrc.nist.gov/cryptval/140-1/1401val.htm
Updated and resubmission continues on previous schedule.
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it's never boring, that I can promise you.
stay tuned.
jmw
--
John M. Weathersby, Jr.
Executive Director
Open Source Software Institute
www.oss-institute.org
tel: 601.427.0152
Ad maiorem dei gloriam (AMDG)
Audentes fortuna juvat -
Current kit for you time nuts
Here's a brief article (and a picture) of the US's current standard. There's also a graph showing that the US standard tends to be replaced roughly every 5-10 years.
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Another use of this experiment
This experiment may also have another use: a more precise measurement of the gravitational constant (G). The 2002 CODATA recommended value of G has a relative standard uncertainty (RSU) of 1.5e-4. Compared to other constants such as Planck's constant (RSU of 1.7e-7) or the mass of an electron (RSU of 1.7e-7), this is a very high relative uncertainty. (Source of numbers: http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/)
This experiment could almost certainly determine G to a higher precision than possible with Earth-bound experiments. On Earth, there is gravitational "noise" generated by things such as active geology. In interplanetary space, there are less noise sources and they are more predictable. The experiment is almost like a super Cavendish torsion balance experiment in that the gravitational attraction between non-astronomical (ie. not "very large") objects is what is being measured.
The high relative uncertainty of the gravitational constant makes things such as some astronomical measurements hard. Conversion of SI units to natural units (Planck units) involves high uncertainties due to G appearing as a factor in nearly all of the conversions. At the very least, determining G to a higher precision would allow astrophysicists to reduce uncertainties in cosmic gravitational "experiments" (eg. tests of general relativity). -
Always done by the FEDs..
...the very first thing they do when performing a cyberforensics analysis on any computer disk they get, is to make a clone copy themselves while employing a hardware write-blocker connected to the source drive, and then performing their examinations upon the copy, not the original.
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Good luck
I hope it goes more efficiently than our switch to the metric system.
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Picture, picture on the wall.
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Re:I trust neither
Such a standard would be openly published, for anybody to inspect. It would, in fact, be an open standard. That's why we have standards.
So ... basically ... like 802.11i, the proposed standard by the IEEE, and AES, which is at its core? And not like the Chinese standard?
You can download the IEEE spec here: http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802. 11i-2004.pdf. You're not allowed to modify or distribute it, and the IEEE retains copyright, but you can download, read, inspect, and archive it. That's a lot more than I can say about the Chinese version.
Information on AES can be had directly from the NIST (http://csrc.nist.gov/CryptoToolkit/aes/rijndael/R ijndael-ammended.pdf). -
Re:We can intercept it all, understand none of it.
The Amazing Google has an online translator from Arabic (it's different than Farsi, of course): http://www.google.com/translate_t. It was pretty amazing to direct it
to Al-Jazeera arabic site and see the headlines in English. Google claims to have
submitted it to NIST translation tests, and beating competition to a punch:
http://www.nist.gov/speech/tests/mt/mt05eval_offic ial_results_release_20050801_v3.html -
Re:Here's why _you_ should dismiss the case...
So again... Fact someone REPORTED THE NAME OF VALERIE PLAME TO NOVAK. Let me type it in english. Someone reported the name Valerie Plame to NOVAK. Since you dared... 1, 2, 3 (Department of Energy, If left alone, Freeh warned, unbreakable encryption poses a threat to fighting crime through wiretapping., Finally... Case Study of HR 695: The Security and Freedom Through Encryption (SAFE) Act... This is where the government decided to place controls on encryption leaving the US because (guess what...) the government cannot break ciphers as easily as you might think. So when I use the term "Unbreakable Crypto", let me make it clear what I mean... Without the keys its impossible... With the keys... Good luck. It would 1) take too long 2) require more space then there currently is ON THE PLANET 3) by the time they cracked it, it would likely mean nothing.
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Re:We are gnats on an elephant
A fun fact I like to wow people with is where the hottest and coldest places in the known universe are; New Jersey and Colorado.
Well at least they were. Princeton's Tokamak is no longer running and lot's of people have BECs now. -
Re:Coming Soon
Why not. That is cheerfull compared to the reality.
An example of a recent Nobel laureate comes to mind. The poor chap had to be pumped with antibiotics, have an arm chopped all the way up to a bit of a shoulder and put in a coma until his organism produced at least some antibodies http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/newsfromnist_Co rnell_mediaevent.htm.
The necrosis toxins produced by cocci are as scary as anything can get. Thanks god noone has managed to make a biological weapon from them just yet. -
Re:damn you, Scuttlemonkey!!!!
And the study was of the plane striking the building, it made absolutely ZERO study on the effects of the fuel load burning inside the building along with the building conttents, and it did not forsee the heat insulating coatings around the steel being ripped off by the impact.
So let me get this straight...the building was designed to take an airliner strike, but only if said airliner had dry tanks?
What you are saying makes no sense at all. The reason the fuel wasn't taken into account is because it is incapable of burning hot enough to weaken steel, insulated or not.
And if you google for the name of the idiot that wrote that e-mail, he was FIRED by UL for LYING about everything he said in the e-mail!!!
Umm, no. He was fired for speaking out against the 'official version of events'.
Note this choice quote - "UL vehemently denied last week that it ever certified the materials."
Note that this 'choice quote' is a bald-faced lie. UL's CEO, Loring Knoblauch, was quoted as saying that UL had certified the steel used in the WTC buildings, and that everyone involved should all be proud that the buildings had stood for so long under such intense conditions.
In 2003, in a written reply to a communication from Kevin Ryan expressing dismay over the UL's reputation, Knoblauch wrote:"We test to the code requirements, and the steel clearly met those requirements and exceeded them."
In a subsequent communication with Tom Chapin, the manager of UL's Fire Protection division., Chapin reminded Ryan that UL was the "leader in fire research testing". He then went on to say that although the UL does not certify structural steel per se, ther job is to: "produce a Fire Resistance Index with hourly ratings for beams, columns, floors, roofs, walls and partitions tested in accordance with ASTM Standard E119."...in short, to certify assemblies of which steel is a component.
FROM THIS MOMENT ON you are not ever allowed to quote this stupid e-mail ever again.
On the contrary, from this moment on, I'll quote Kevin Ryan more than ever. The UL's precipitous termination of his employement and subsequent lies do not invalidate Ryan's argument...they certify it.
The guy was so incompetent that UL FIRED HIM outright.
That is a lie. He wasn't fired for incompetence, he was fired for embarassing the company, by questioning the government's story. (Note: the UL currently enjoys tax-exempt status, courtesy of that same government.)
Yes, a DIFFERENT BUILDING with a different contruction and a different fire. That fire was a fire of the building's contents, not jet fuel.
Exactly. The Madrid fire burned far hotter and for far longer than the jet fuel splashed inside the WTC towers. In fact, from NIST's own fact sheet:The jet fuel, which ignited the fires, was mostly consumed within the first few minutes after impact. The fires that burned for almost the entire time that the buildings remained standing were due mainly to burning building contents and, to a lesser extent, aircraft contents, not jet fuel.
Nor was that building's steel members stripped of their heat resistent coatings by a jetliner impact.
As shown before, the jet fuel was incapable of raising the temperature of the steel enough to weaken it, even uninsulated sections.
NOR where there a FULL 20 floors of building above the floors that were burning.
The Madrid skyscraper was not overdesigned to 600% of specifications (2000% for the core), and yet it still managed to support a massive construction crane perched on its roof.
Pools of fuel that have vaporized in an area not yet connected to the fire, that suddenly catch fire.
Aerosols of dust. (grain elevator explosions)
Air in sealed spaces being heated until the sealed spaces b -
Re:I've always wondered...
And here I thought I was going to be all that and correct you. I was taught in school the 1960 definition (Krypton-86 wavelength), not the 1983 definition (yours, the correct one), and have blissfully unaware of the change. Thanks for enlightening me this morning!
For reference, here is what NIST has to say about the matter. -
ieee 1588 is where it is atNTP is somewhat coarse, IEEE 1588 gives much tighter timing. IEEE 1588 can be used for industrial automation.
From the intro:
Measurement and control systems are widely used in traditional test and measurement, industrial automation, communication systems, electrical power systems and many other areas of modern technology. The timing requirements placed on these measurement and control systems are becoming increasingly stringent. Traditionally these measurement and control systems have been implemented in a centralized architecture in which the timing constraints are met by careful attention to programming combined with communication technologies with deterministic latency. In recent years an increasing number of such systems utilize a more distributed architecture and increasingly networking technologies having less stringent timing specifications than the older more specialized technologies. In particular Ethernet communications are becoming more common in measurement and control applications. This has led to alternate means for enforcing the timing requirements in such systems. One such technique is the use of system components that contain real-time clocks, all of which are synchronized to each other within the system. This is very common in the general computing industry. For example essentially all general purpose computers contain a clock. These clocks are used to manage distributed file systems, backup and recovery systems and many other similar activities. These computers typically interact via LANs and the Internet. In this environment the most widely used technique for synchronizing the clocks is the Network Time Protocol, NTP, or the related SNTP.
Measurement and control systems have a number of requirements that must be met by a clock synchronization technology. In particular:
- Timing accuracies are often in the sub-microsecond range,
- These technologies must be available on a range of networking technologies including Ethernet but also other technologies found in industrial automation and similar industries,
- A minimum of administration is highly desirable,
- The technology must be capable of implementation on low cost and low-end devices,
- The required network and computing resources should be minimal.
In contrast to the general computing environment of intranets or the Internet, measurement and control systems typically are more spatially localized.
IEEE 1588 addresses the clock synchronization requirements of measurement and control systems.
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ieee 1588 is where it is atNTP is somewhat coarse, IEEE 1588 gives much tighter timing. IEEE 1588 can be used for industrial automation.
From the intro:
Measurement and control systems are widely used in traditional test and measurement, industrial automation, communication systems, electrical power systems and many other areas of modern technology. The timing requirements placed on these measurement and control systems are becoming increasingly stringent. Traditionally these measurement and control systems have been implemented in a centralized architecture in which the timing constraints are met by careful attention to programming combined with communication technologies with deterministic latency. In recent years an increasing number of such systems utilize a more distributed architecture and increasingly networking technologies having less stringent timing specifications than the older more specialized technologies. In particular Ethernet communications are becoming more common in measurement and control applications. This has led to alternate means for enforcing the timing requirements in such systems. One such technique is the use of system components that contain real-time clocks, all of which are synchronized to each other within the system. This is very common in the general computing industry. For example essentially all general purpose computers contain a clock. These clocks are used to manage distributed file systems, backup and recovery systems and many other similar activities. These computers typically interact via LANs and the Internet. In this environment the most widely used technique for synchronizing the clocks is the Network Time Protocol, NTP, or the related SNTP.
Measurement and control systems have a number of requirements that must be met by a clock synchronization technology. In particular:
- Timing accuracies are often in the sub-microsecond range,
- These technologies must be available on a range of networking technologies including Ethernet but also other technologies found in industrial automation and similar industries,
- A minimum of administration is highly desirable,
- The technology must be capable of implementation on low cost and low-end devices,
- The required network and computing resources should be minimal.
In contrast to the general computing environment of intranets or the Internet, measurement and control systems typically are more spatially localized.
IEEE 1588 addresses the clock synchronization requirements of measurement and control systems.
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Re:What about Microsoft?
Then why does NIST offer its own public domain client?
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Re:What about Microsoft?
Uh, then why does NIST have this page with step by step instructions on how to setup clients to use nist time servers including time.nist.gov and detailed troubleshooting instuctions for same?
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Re:What about Microsoft?
What do they say that? - Sound like they go out of their way (advice about firewalls, etc) to let taxpayers "Set Your Computer Clock Via the Internet".
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VLF for data transmission is old hat...
http://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvb.htm
Devices could easily be designed to carry data such as percent oxygen, number of heartbeats present, nearest locator beacon, etc. Very low data rate, but still good enough to get this sort of quick-and-dirty textual stuff through... -
Real spam researchWhy does Slashdot not report on real spam research? They report puff pieces like this and the phishing talk from the MIT Spam Conference, but not the results of TREC 2005 Spam Track (Hint: an outsider using compression techniques was very strong; open source filters like crm114, dbacl, bogofilter and spamassasin were close behind; DSPAM was middle of the pack.) No filter came close to demonstrating those widely-claimed 99.9-whatever% accuracy figures. I guess "news for nerds -- stuff that matters" includes testimonials but not results.
The TREC tests involved tests on 350,000 email messages. A 92,000 message public corpus from this effort is available for free download.
John Graham-Cumming (no relation to TREC) has created SpamOrHam -- a community-based effort to adjudicate the judgements in the TREC corpus. This'll let us test in a big way Yerazunis' contention that spam filters are better than humans.
Any filter writer can participtate in TREC 2006 by submitting a letter of intent now and a filter in due course.
There's also an upcoming scientific spam conference this summer - CEAS. -
Real spam researchWhy does Slashdot not report on real spam research? They report puff pieces like this and the phishing talk from the MIT Spam Conference, but not the results of TREC 2005 Spam Track (Hint: an outsider using compression techniques was very strong; open source filters like crm114, dbacl, bogofilter and spamassasin were close behind; DSPAM was middle of the pack.) No filter came close to demonstrating those widely-claimed 99.9-whatever% accuracy figures. I guess "news for nerds -- stuff that matters" includes testimonials but not results.
The TREC tests involved tests on 350,000 email messages. A 92,000 message public corpus from this effort is available for free download.
John Graham-Cumming (no relation to TREC) has created SpamOrHam -- a community-based effort to adjudicate the judgements in the TREC corpus. This'll let us test in a big way Yerazunis' contention that spam filters are better than humans.
Any filter writer can participtate in TREC 2006 by submitting a letter of intent now and a filter in due course.
There's also an upcoming scientific spam conference this summer - CEAS. -
Re:But, what does it do?
http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/PerTable/inde
x .html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_elements_by_n umber
Elements with atomic number less than the Mercury target will be formed.
Some of these are very expensive.The waste products from SNS
could be more valuable than the neutrons produced. -
Re:But, what does it do?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spallation_Neutron_S
o urce/
http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/PerTable/index .html/
It is a large machine for making Gold and other precious
metals that are lower in atomic mass. Thanks go out to U.S.taxpayers who are largely unaware that more efficient methods/equipment to produce high intensity neutron beams are available. -
Re:yes, they do!
I have experience in HTML, C, C++, and Java.
Cool. The thing is, learning languages isn't really the most important thing to consider when programming - languages can be picked up depending on requirements at any time. Once you know the fundamentals of one it's easy to pick up another.
The real art of programming comes from an understanding of algorithms and complexity. You can know every feature of a language but without the ability to apply it in an efficient manner that works it's not going to get you far. The focus on filling people's heads with syntax is a serious failing of many college courses. There should be more time spent on the fundamentals of programming theory with a single language being taught alongside to show how this theory is put into practice.
When you familiarise yourself with common methods for every day problems you'll start to notice ways to make your own solutions more elegant and efficient. You'll be able to tell which algorithm takes more operations to process some data set or which one requires more RAM... then you can implement it in any language that takes your fancy. To me, that's the important stuff in programming. You have all the time in the world to learn languages, but without this stuff it won't come to much.
I learned this the hard way. I say it here so you don't have to :)
Luckily there is as much free help on algorithms out there as there is on any programming language. I just found a decent looking algorithms tutorial collection and there's also the Dictionary of Algorithms and Data structures. Hmmm... looks like I found some weekend reading material!
Oh, and there's no shame in designing on paper... the day will come when you don't need to do it, but until then it does no harm. Jees, I sound like an old fart here. I'm in my 20s, I swear! -
CSE/FIPS certification just happenned
Things will get better over time.
This is the first uyear that OpenSSL is certifed by the government cryptographers as usable. This allows, for the first time, official government use of openssl as a solution
in many, many government contract situations, where IPSEC or hardware would formerly have been required.
http://csrc.nist.gov/cryptval/140-1/1401val2006.ht m -
there is a good reason to exclude it from "fund.."
Let us check:
First trying Universal:
There is proton/electron mass ratio.
Let us try to look for the dime not under the street lamp but where it belongs: in the gutter (
Atomic and nuclear constants): here it is, among 151 constants in total.
C'mon. 151 fundamental constants only in atomic-nuclear section? -
there is a good reason to exclude it from "fund.."
Let us check:
First trying Universal:
There is proton/electron mass ratio.
Let us try to look for the dime not under the street lamp but where it belongs: in the gutter (
Atomic and nuclear constants): here it is, among 151 constants in total.
C'mon. 151 fundamental constants only in atomic-nuclear section? -
Re:Posix and securityOK, replying to myself, but I should have googled first:
D.F. Ferraiolo and D.R. Kuhn "Role Based Access Control" 15th National Computer Security Conference (1992) - the original RBAC paper.As defined in the TCSEC and commonly implemented, DAC is an access control mechanism that permits system users to allow or disallow other users access to objects under their control:
and,
A means of restricting access to objects based on the identity of subjects and/or groups to which they belong. The controls are discretionary in the sense that a subject with a certain access permission is capable of passing that permission (perhaps indirectly) on to any other subject (unless restrained by mandatory access control).A role based access control (RBAC) policy bases access control decisions on the functions a user is allowed to perform within an organization. The users cannot pass access permissions on to other users at their discretion. This is a fundamental difference between RBAC and DAC.
-
Re:OpenSSL is FIPS 140-2 validated
OpenSSL is FIPS 140-2 validated:
Actually OpenSSL wasn't the first, and what was validated was a specific compiled binary version, however recompiling with the exact same source code would be covered under the rules for vendor porting of validate modules.
http://csrc.nist.gov/cryptval/140-1/1401val2006.ht m
Look for # 642
This was (is) the first case of open source software being validated, as opposed to a specific product.
But another example of a validate OpenSource product is the Wei Dai crypto libraries:
Cert #343 http://cs-www.ncsl.nist.gov/cryptval/140-1/1401val 2003.htm#343
Cert #562 http://cs-www.ncsl.nist.gov/cryptval/140-1/1401val 2005.htm#562
Admittedly, these are nowhere near as well known, or as widely used as OpenSSL. -
Re:OpenSSL is FIPS 140-2 validated
OpenSSL is FIPS 140-2 validated:
Actually OpenSSL wasn't the first, and what was validated was a specific compiled binary version, however recompiling with the exact same source code would be covered under the rules for vendor porting of validate modules.
http://csrc.nist.gov/cryptval/140-1/1401val2006.ht m
Look for # 642
This was (is) the first case of open source software being validated, as opposed to a specific product.
But another example of a validate OpenSource product is the Wei Dai crypto libraries:
Cert #343 http://cs-www.ncsl.nist.gov/cryptval/140-1/1401val 2003.htm#343
Cert #562 http://cs-www.ncsl.nist.gov/cryptval/140-1/1401val 2005.htm#562
Admittedly, these are nowhere near as well known, or as widely used as OpenSSL. -
Re:OpenSSL is FIPS 140-2 validated
OpenSSL is FIPS 140-2 validated:
Actually OpenSSL wasn't the first, and what was validated was a specific compiled binary version, however recompiling with the exact same source code would be covered under the rules for vendor porting of validate modules.
http://csrc.nist.gov/cryptval/140-1/1401val2006.ht m
Look for # 642
This was (is) the first case of open source software being validated, as opposed to a specific product.
But another example of a validate OpenSource product is the Wei Dai crypto libraries:
Cert #343 http://cs-www.ncsl.nist.gov/cryptval/140-1/1401val 2003.htm#343
Cert #562 http://cs-www.ncsl.nist.gov/cryptval/140-1/1401val 2005.htm#562
Admittedly, these are nowhere near as well known, or as widely used as OpenSSL. -
Re:Different requirements
A couple examples: It allows 56-bit DES. These days, DES can be broken by modest levels of brute force, so it can only secure your data against people who have a modest level of interest. Or another: It guarantees key handling is done right, but once it's given you the key, do YOU handle it right?
To be fair, DES is being phased out. New products (as opposed to products that are already validated and are just have a modification revalidated) cannot have the DES algorithm validated, and every module that uses DES is require to state that DES is allowed for transitional use only and that DES will be withdrawn in May 2007.
Its not perfect, but as you pointed out FIPS 140-2 is a Federal Standard, so changes to it can be a tad slow :)Personally, I'd get an abstract of FIPS, and then do a bit of legwork to make sure that the open source solution of your choice is protecting against relevant attacks that FIPS deals with. Make sure it's using a popular, well reviewed algorithm. Make sure it manages keys sanely. Make sure they're committed to a good review process to make sure future changes don't screw things up.
Also, as part of FIPS 140-2 each supported algorithm is objectively tested for its ability to correctly perform a variety of tasks on a variety of data. Here are the various validated algorithm lists. http://cs-www.ncsl.nist.gov/cryptval/vallists.htm
For example OpenSSL has AES algorithm certificate #146
http://cs-www.ncsl.nist.gov/cryptval/aes/aesval.ht ml
Even if you don't purchase a FIPS 140-2 validated product, it might be worthwhile to work with a FIPS 140-2 testing lab to have the algorithms tested. This is usually much cheaper than having the whole product validated, and at least proves that the product you bought implements the algorithm correctly. And with an open source product you can do this yourself, without having to involve the vendor like you would if you wanted this testing done on a closed source product. -
Re:Different requirements
A couple examples: It allows 56-bit DES. These days, DES can be broken by modest levels of brute force, so it can only secure your data against people who have a modest level of interest. Or another: It guarantees key handling is done right, but once it's given you the key, do YOU handle it right?
To be fair, DES is being phased out. New products (as opposed to products that are already validated and are just have a modification revalidated) cannot have the DES algorithm validated, and every module that uses DES is require to state that DES is allowed for transitional use only and that DES will be withdrawn in May 2007.
Its not perfect, but as you pointed out FIPS 140-2 is a Federal Standard, so changes to it can be a tad slow :)Personally, I'd get an abstract of FIPS, and then do a bit of legwork to make sure that the open source solution of your choice is protecting against relevant attacks that FIPS deals with. Make sure it's using a popular, well reviewed algorithm. Make sure it manages keys sanely. Make sure they're committed to a good review process to make sure future changes don't screw things up.
Also, as part of FIPS 140-2 each supported algorithm is objectively tested for its ability to correctly perform a variety of tasks on a variety of data. Here are the various validated algorithm lists. http://cs-www.ncsl.nist.gov/cryptval/vallists.htm
For example OpenSSL has AES algorithm certificate #146
http://cs-www.ncsl.nist.gov/cryptval/aes/aesval.ht ml
Even if you don't purchase a FIPS 140-2 validated product, it might be worthwhile to work with a FIPS 140-2 testing lab to have the algorithms tested. This is usually much cheaper than having the whole product validated, and at least proves that the product you bought implements the algorithm correctly. And with an open source product you can do this yourself, without having to involve the vendor like you would if you wanted this testing done on a closed source product. -
A major factor is in how you use it
Regardless of the system, the security is largely based on how it is used.
You could use a "bullet proof" cryptosystem but if used incorrectly it wont help anything.
Now for the question on FIPS versus OSS I would say it doesn't really matter from my understading of your situation. I know a little about encryption schemes.
FIPS 140-2, the main security publication for cryptographic modules, requires tested and PUBLICLY known cryptosystems that include Triple DES and AES. There is no reason in my mind to use OSS over FIPS just because the source code is available for OSS. Any cryptosystem used by a FIPS approved system is open and very well known. And you can easily read the FIPS publications for yourself to see what is being used since they are all public (although a good understanding of the subject is suggested since they are not easy reads). Also, the use of any FIPS approved system should describe what they are using, lots of documentation is required for approval.
As long as good cryptosystems are being used (like those suggest by FIPS) you should be fine. It doesn't matter if its FIPS compilant or not... in theory if the cryptosystem is implemented (correct) than you should be safe. However, as I mentioned earlier you have to use them correctly.
Also, for FIPS 140-2, other factors are included for the cryptographic modules that may add extra things that you don't really need to worry about. Things like roles, self-tests, and hardware requirements like the use of "opaque tamper-evident encapsulating material." I don't believe you need these requirements.
The only reason that I can see to use FIPS over OSS is if you need to work with the government in some secure way (like storing or transmitting sensitive material). From a marketing stand point, it might be nice to say you are using FIPS approved system, but as long as you say something like "We are using a AES symmetric key cryptosystem for disk encryption," it should be fine enough. Anyone that knows what you are talking about will understand and realize it is secure regardless of being FIPS approved.