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The BSD Family Tree

A reader writes: "Every time BSD gets mentioned on Slashdot, the usual round of questions get asked. Most queries want to know what the differences in the BSDs are. For the April DaemonNews, James Howard has written the answer."

27 of 116 comments (clear)

  1. Re:/. FAQ by KingKurly · · Score: 2

    ...neither do you ;)

    --
    It was recently discovered that research causes cancer in rats.
  2. Bill and Lynne Jolitz by Sabalon · · Score: 2

    You have to love these two.

    When I was using 386BSD in 91? (why not - I'd heard of BSD Unix, but not this Linux thing), Bill and Lynne would post to the 386bsd newsgroup.

    If someone was criticizing 386BSD to strongly, or unfairly, or a response to something bordering on flame was needed, they would sometimes both have a response there.

    Lynne was VERY straight-forward in her responses - along the lines of to hell with you, you stupid moron. (Not that she said things like that, but you always knew where you stood).

    Bill was a little more verbose in subtle, in that when he got done insulting you and telling you to piss off, you may even think you have been complimented and should say thank you.

    I really wish I still had some of the threads that illustrated this - it was a great fun to watch.

  3. Re:Before everyone else says it... by howardjp · · Score: 4

    SecureBSD and TrustedBSD are really just extensions to FreeBSD. Similarly, RTMX is a set of extenstions to OpenBSD. I didn't think it would be good to include them in this. Addtionally, with BSD/OS effectively merging with FreeBSD, I didn't include it either. However, it gives me an idea for a new article... :)

  4. Re:A correction about NeXTStep by maggard · · Score: 2
    From Unix History

    NeXTSTEP 0.8 Oct. 12 1988
    NeXTSTEP 1.0 Sep. 18 1989
    NeXTSTEP 2.0 Sep. 18 1990
    NeXTSTEP 2.1 Mar. 25, 1991
    NeXTSTEP 3.3 Feb. 1995
    OpenStep 4 1996
    Rhapsody DR1 Sep. 1997
    Rhapsody DR2 May 1998
    Darwin 0.1 Mar. 16, 1999
    MacOS X Server 1.0 Mar. 16, 1999
    MacOS X (DP1) May 10, 1999
    Darwin 0.2 May 13, 1999
    MacOS X Server 1.02 Jul. 22, 1999
    Darwin 0.3 Aug. 16, 1999
    MacOS X (DP2) Nov. 10, 1999
    MacOS X Server 1.2 Jan. 14, 2000
    MacOS X (DP3) Feb. 14, 2000
    Darwin 1.0 Apr. 5, 2000
    Darwin 1.1 May 15, 2000
    MacOS X (DP4) May 15, 2000
    MacOS X (beta) Sept. 13, 2000
    MacOS X Server 1.2v3 Oct. 27, 2000
    Darwin 1.21 Nov. 15, 2000
    MacOS X 10.0 Mar. 24, 2001

    --
    I don't read ACs: If a post isn't worth so much as a nom de plume to its author then I wont bother either.
  5. Re:A correction about NeXTStep by maggard · · Score: 3
    Same thing annotated:

    1. NeXTSTEP 0.8 Oct. 12 1988 - First running version of NeXTSTEP
    2. NeXTSTEP 1.0 Sep. 18 1989
    3. NeXTSTEP 2.0 Sep. 18 1990
    4. NeXTSTEP 2.1 Mar. 25, 1991
    5. NeXTSTEP 3.3 Feb. 1995
    6. OpenStep 4 1996 - Ported to multiple architectures
    7. Rhapsody DR1 Sep. 1997 - After buying Apple for -400 million this is the new direction, to run on both PPC & Wintel
    8. Rhapsody DR2 May 1998 - Last release, developers revolt & threaten to abandon Mac, rethink already under way.
    9. Darwin 0.1 Mar. 16, 1999 - Apple breaks new ground Open Sourcing core of their next-gen OS, to run on PPC & x86
    10. MacOS X Server 1.0 Mar. 16, 1999 - First commercial release, Rhapsody-derived, PPC only
    11. MacOS X (DP1) May 10, 1999 - Retooled next-gen OS, to include backwards-compatibility, PPC only
    12. Darwin 0.2 May 13, 1999
    13. MacOS X Server 1.02 Jul. 22, 1999
    14. Darwin 0.3 Aug. 16, 1999
    15. MacOS X (DP2) Nov. 10, 1999
    16. MacOS X Server 1.2 Jan. 14, 2000
    17. MacOS X (DP3) Feb. 14, 2000
    18. Darwin 1.0 Apr. 5, 2000
    19. Darwin 1.1 May 15, 2000
    20. MacOS X (DP4) May 15, 2000
    21. MacOS X (beta) Sept. 13, 2000
    22. MacOS X Server 1.2v3 Oct. 27, 2000 - Likely last release of Rhapsody-derived server
    23. Darwin 1.21 Nov. 15, 2000
    24. MacOS X 10.0 Mar. 24, 2001 - First commercial release of new MacOS X
    25. ?MacOS X Server 10.0? ~ April 24, 2001
    26. ?MacOS X 10.n? ~ July, 2001 - First release installed on hardware
    --
    I don't read ACs: If a post isn't worth so much as a nom de plume to its author then I wont bother either.
  6. A Nit to Pick by rho · · Score: 2
    Apple computer has long held a niche among the least computer-literate in the marketplace.

    I dunno about this -- the most computer illiterate people are Wintel's primary demographic. This is why Intel promotes the Pentium III to make your Internet faster (and gets away with it).

    Apple's demographic tends to be holier-than-thou arty types and interface nuts. My experience is that Mac OS users tend to be very computer aware, if not literate, because since 1991 or so, you have to have really loved the Mac OS to put up with expensive hardware, corporate idiocy, and really, really poor (official) technical support.
    "Beware by whom you are called sane."

    --
    Potato chips are a by-yourself food.
    1. Re:A Nit to Pick by rho · · Score: 2
      I dunno about this -- the most computer illiterate people are Wintel's primary demographic. This is why Intel promotes the Pentium III to make your Internet faster (and gets away with it).
      And this is different from selling a computer by color?

      Yes, it is. The first is a lie (okay, 90% untruth, or deliberate fudge). The second is filling a desire in the marketplace.

      Don't try to be cute if you're going to be wrong.

      But, in my experience, the large majority of Mac users are in fact quite stupid when it comes to how their system works.

      *sigh* The large majority of any random group of computer users don't understand how their system works. This doesn't prove your point.

      A *larger* majority of drivers have no *clue* how an internal combustion engine works! However, the group that drives BMWs or Mercedes tend to be savvier drivers than drive Camaros or Trans Ams or Firebirds.

      I know it's dangerous to use an automobile analogy, but I'll try to head off the complaint I know you'll have:

      "But those are more expensive!"
      Yes, so are Macs (in general). However, I'm speaking from a quality/performance perspective. A Trans/Camaro/Firebird driver might or might not go for a BMW or Mercedes if price were not an issue, but a BMW or Mercedes driver would NEVER go to a Trans/Camaro/Bird, regardless of price.
      "Beware by whom you are called sane."

      --
      Potato chips are a by-yourself food.
    2. Re:A Nit to Pick by rho · · Score: 2

      You're welcome to disagree, but I'm a bit amazed at your vitriol.

      but mac users are knuckleheads, bar none (if this is what you meant by computer awareness, then I do agree with you). I've listened to Mac users in CompUSA harp about how you have to have a mac if you want to play mp3s or dvds.

      Bar none? Then both I and Steve Wozniak are knuckleheads? You're either one hell of an asshole or an idiot, then.

      In my experience as an unofficial computer support person, I have fewer problems with Mac users than Wintel users. I can match you anecdote for anecdote, if that's your wish.

      Child, they've been pulling this shit since 1984. Nothing new. The only difference is that there was free technical support.

      But there was nothing to compete with it until about 1991 or so, when Windows really started to make inroads with 3.0. But, of course, you just wanted to spew venom in an unfocused rage. My mistake...


      "Beware by whom you are called sane."

      --
      Potato chips are a by-yourself food.
    3. Re:A Nit to Pick by rho · · Score: 2
      Bar none? Then both I and Steve Wozniak are knuckleheads?
      I guess so. Wozniak I can omit, because I'd tend to believe that he's never had to deal with his own company form a pure customers point of view.

      Idiot -- you can't say "bar none" and exclude the Woz.

      In my experience as an unofficial computer support person,
      So, you've never had any real experience caring for more than the machine you use on a regular basis, and you feel you have that you are knowledgable enough to comment on the entire state of Mac users? This is at the very heart of that Knuckleheadedness of which I've spoken.

      Jackass -- don't assume. I say unofficial, because I'm the local nerd, thus I get all the tech support questions from friends, family, co-workers, accquiantences, and the people I run into at the bar -- "You're in computers? My machine crashes when... "

      In other (smaller, in deference to you) words: I don't get paid for it, but I support computers nonetheless.

      Knuckleheadedness is not answering my original post, just pulling selected bits and indulging in ad hominem attacks based on partial quotes.

      Again, I can match you anecdote for anecdote -- produce some real numbers and real statistics, not self-serving anecdotes. Or, you can just simply rage at Mac users, since you seem to be so intent on doing so.
      "Beware by whom you are called sane."

      --
      Potato chips are a by-yourself food.
    4. Re:A Nit to Pick by Mike+Buddha · · Score: 2

      I dunno about this -- the most computer illiterate people are Wintel's primary demographic.

      I do NOT concur. Yes, there are plenty of knuckleheads using wintel machines, but there are TONS of people using these machines. In my experience as a computer professional, I find that Mac users are much less capable of dealing with minor problems that arise on their systems. They may know all of Wired's buzzwords, but mac users are knuckleheads, bar none (if this is what you meant by computer awareness, then I do agree with you). I've listened to Mac users in CompUSA harp about how you have to have a mac if you want to play mp3s or dvds.

      because since 1991 or so, you have to have really loved the Mac OS to put up with expensive hardware, corporate idiocy, and really, really poor (official) technical support.

      Child, they've been pulling this shit since 1984. Nothing new. The only difference is that there was free technical support.

      Apple is a tyrant even more so than Microsoft. Not only do they control the operating system and software development, but they dictate what hardware you can buy to run that software on and are the only suppliers of said software. Talk about "1984". It should have been Steve Jobs face up on that big screen.

      --
      by Mike Buddha -- Someday the mountain might get him, but the law never will.
  7. I wonder if by jjr · · Score: 2

    Some has done the same for Linux

    OpenBSD also advanced the state of code auditing. Beginning in 1996, the OpenBSD team began a line-by-line analysis of the entire operating system searching for security holes and potential bugs. Unix systems have been plagued for decades by the use of fixed-sized buffers

  8. Re:wait! this just in .... by scrytch · · Score: 2

    I have such a filter. It's called "reading at threshold 2". I can either be egalitarian and give everyone equal time, looking for all the gems of wisdom AC's and new people might post ... or I can enjoy reading slashdot.

    Personally (as a FreeBSD freak) I think the guy is a pro-BSD troll just making the linux camp look bad (and of course BSD as well, er wait, it's all twisty now). Trollers troll, coders code. The latter are worth paying attention to.
    --

    --
    I've finally had it: until slashdot gets article moderation, I am not coming back.
  9. Re:Mac = mass market? Not by Arandir · · Score: 2

    "Mass market" means that it's suitable for the teeming unwashed millions. Buy it preinstalled. Buy it shrinkwrapped and install it without breaking a sweat. Be able to configure it without being an amateur sysadmin. Be able to use it without knowing how it works.

    --
    A Government Is a Body of People, Usually Notably Ungoverned
  10. Re:misinformation by MadAhab · · Score: 2
    A) So which is it, a workstation, server, or advanced data center? If you're going to be a good troll, you have to constantly misdirect responses to *new* fallacies, not just keep repeating the oldone.

    B) See A). And make sure to hide your head up your ass until after Service Pack 3, then start talking about how Windows Trilennium is gonna fix all the problems with W2K. And, I just use "vi" everywhere, period, without checking to see if it's installed; but I'm still trying to figure out how a lack of alternatives is something for you to be proud about. Though, since every M$ user I know reverts to notepad for simple text, lists, notes, I suppose you must have a good reason to be afraid of alternatives.

    C) Ooh, a factory. Gee, it must have been sealed with a kiss by a guy in a white lab coat. From your damaged brain, it's clear you were born and raised in a factory and fed on factory food. Oh, yeah, "make install", jackass. Have fun with those $95 support calls.

    D) Yawn.

    You bots are all the same, add a little Microsoft Advocacy and out comes the same old tired arguments. I couldn't have said it better myself.

    The best argument against Microsoft's long term supremacy is history; not one single technology has been dominated by single players and proprietary mumbo-jumbo variant standards for longer than a few decades. An early lead ALWAYS turns the greed robots to vain attempts to stop the race and freeze time at moment they take the lead. Even with the state backing them up, they can't do it forever. Just look at what happened to telecommunications since the Ma Bell breakup; cellphones and pagers everywhere, an explosion of telecommunications services, the Internet... Back when you were born around 1980 there was a phone (gee, no one had to ask what kind of phone you had, how wonderful!) rented (ooh, a subscription model, how wonderful!) from the telephone company, period, and using any other kind could get you jail time. But that was better, right?

    Microsoft has served their purpose, and now it's time for them to go to the elephants' graveyard to die. Ten years after they slip, the same dumbass commentators on financial news shows will be saying "It's amazing to think that anyone would run a company based on the idea that consumers would only want one choice of operating system. No wonder Microsoft stock has slipped so much. Their new CEO, Steve Jobs*, has got to turn them into a company focused on their customers and offer them the choices and services they need, or the next earnings report will be even worse."

    * Sorry about then Jobs thing. Just couldn't resist trolling a little myself.

    Boss of nothin. Big deal.
    Son, go get daddy's hard plastic eyes.

    --
    Expanding a vast wasteland since 1996.
  11. A correction about NeXTStep by Noer · · Score: 4

    a minor correction...

    "NeXT eventually quit making hardware and implemented NeXTStep for other operating systems, changing the name to OpenStep. "

    Actually, NeXTSTEP was the OS, as i recall, and its name was changed to OPENSTEP when it was ported to Intel hardware. NeXTStep was the set of frameworks for rapid app development, which was called OpenStep on OPENSTEP as well as on the other operating systems on which it ran, such as Solaris and Windows NT.

    This is pure nitpicking, and I don't mean to detract from a really excellent article. But NeXT Inc's product line was always a bizarre confusion of different capitalizations; I may not have it quite right either.

    --
    -- "Those who cast the votes decide nothing. Those who count the votes decide everything." -Joseph Stalin
  12. Re:FreeBSD? OpenBSD? NetBSD? by mr · · Score: 2

    There are way too many BSD's.

    As opposed to what, 180 seperate versions of Linux. And that is just the registered versions

    How many are NOT in their database.....

    --
    If it was said on slashdot, it MUST be true!
  13. Re:/. FAQ by mr_gerbik · · Score: 2

    For an example, please refer to this post.

    -gerbik

    flamebait: food of the gods

  14. Re:wait! this just in .... by connorbd · · Score: 2

    Can't somebody put a freakin' filter to block this idiot out?! This damn thing pops up every time BSD gets mentioned...

    /Brian

  15. BSD randomness by connorbd · · Score: 2
    I don't know, I rather liked the article...



    Who is this shithead who keeps posting BSD-is-dead anyway? It's become rather pointless and tiresome.



    ObKarmaWhoring: I did my own history based on a slashdot post I made some time ago. It's at http://www.geocities.com/connorbd/bsd.html. I fancy it's a bit more technical than this version (which I've added a link to), and perhaps a bit less dispassionate (it was a /. post, after all). Wouldn't mind updates, though.

    /Brian

  16. Install Help by _ganja_ · · Score: 2
    Any have any good links for makeing a custom FreeBSD install CD? I have a FreeBSD install here that I want to burn to CD as it's standardised install for several machine, I want to be able to put the CD in the drive, boot off it and then install it. I have the FreeBSD system setup on a HD here so think of it as backing up a current system and making an install CD out of it.

    I have no clue where to even start or if this is possible? There must be some real gods here though that can explain how the installer works and how to make just one large package from a file system and have it install from a bootable CD.

    Sorry, I know this is kinda off topic but I'm more than stuck with this, one week of FreeBSD experience is just not enough :-(

    --

    A journey of a thousand miles starts with a brutal anal raping at airport security

    1. Re:Install Help by _ganja_ · · Score: 2

      ah haa, so the packages are just compressed tar balls. Good I must be able to hack something together, maybe. This system is a router that needs to be rolled out to a handful of sites and the admins on the remote sites are NT guys who have not touched any *nix systems, ever. I just want to give them a CD, boot the machine that I'm shipping with the CD and follow very very simple fdisk and label instructions, install the one package =full directory structure. I will (hopefully) have remote access to the boxes by dial up then to do the rest. Everything works with my install but how to package it is still a mystery but you have helped a great deal thank you.

      --

      A journey of a thousand miles starts with a brutal anal raping at airport security

    2. Re:Install Help by TrumpetPower! · · Score: 2

      Try `man 1 rdist`:

      Rdist is a program to maintain identical copies of files over multiple hosts. It preserves the owner, group, mode, and mtime of files if possi- ble and can update programs that are executing. Rdist reads commands from distfile to direct the updating of files and/or directories.

      If this is something you'll be doing regularly, just do the most simple install on each of the machines and let rdist do the rest.

      If it's a one-off install (but what about updates, patches, etc.?), you could use your favorite backup method to back up the one computer and restore to the others and just edit the few machine-specific files, like /etc/rc.conf (or use /stand/sysinstall).

      If you don't have a favorite backup method, get one. See `man 8 dump` for the most robust one you'll see, but you're probably already comfortable with tar which should work just fine for this.

      But, really, how much have you customized it? One of the strengths of the BSDs is the ports system. On a well-run system, 99% of everything outside of /usr/local, /var, /home, and /tmp is identical from one machine to the other. If you've done your install right, you can just copy /usr/local and be done with it. Making /usr/local be a network mount wouldn't be a bad idea, either.

      I have many complaints about RPMs; the biggest is that they do all their work to the main filesystem. /usr/local is there for a purpose! It keeps software you've installed from the critical parts of the operating system and vice-versa. Make a backup of /usr/local, and you've saved yourself almost all the hassle of a re-install after a disaster. Nuke /usr/local, and you're left with a stable system.

      There's a myth that an installer has to be something complex. See OpenBSD (my favorite OS, though I'm writing this from FreeBSD because I just can't kill the darn thing and thus have no excuse to re-install it!) for what's probably the easiest installer out there (but perhaps not the prettiest): first, you partition the drive (the worst part of the experience, but using the defaults in the docs works just fine); then, you type in your network information (IP, gateway, hostname, etc.); then you pick the packages to install; finally, you tell it what timezone your in and give it a root password. The packages are nothing more than compressed tarballs. If you didn't install one and want it later, all you have to do is untar it to the root directory and, presto! you've got that package.

      There's no reason you can't do the same thing.

      b&

      --
      All but God can prove this sentence true.
    3. Re:Install Help by TrumpetPower! · · Score: 2

      If all you want is a router--why didn't you say so?

      Send them the boot floppy for OpenBSD 2.8 and have them do a basic ftp install with the default packages. Get the root password via secure means.

      Use ssh to get to the machine. Update /etc/rc.conf and /etc/rc.sysctl to your pleasure; they're self-documenting. All you'll really want to do is enable the bits about ipf and maybe ipnat (in the former) and IP forwarding (in the latter) and maybe alt-ctrl-del rebooting (in the latter).

      Copy over your own /etc/ipf.rules and maybe /etc/ipnat.rules files which you've thoroughly tested aforehand. The IP Filter HOWTO (c.f.) tells you everything you need to know about how to create the files.

      Reboot.

      Have a beer in celebration!

      FreeBSD would also work fine, but you have to spend more time turning off services, patching holes, etc. It's more work to get it to the point you want. Again, I love FreeBSD, but it's not as well suited to being a router as is OpenBSD. OpenBSD begs to be used as a router, or a secure Web server or....

      In short, OpenBSD is already set up almost exactly the way you want your router set up. Just add firewall rules, and you're done.

      Good luck!

      b&

      P.S. When you're done, buy a few official OpenBSD CDs to help support Theo and the gang. b&

      --
      All but God can prove this sentence true.
  17. Full UNIX Family Tree by logiceight · · Score: 2

    I found this while looking around on the net.

    Wow a full Family Tree of UNIX this thing is huge

  18. How about a graphical history... by scum-e-bag · · Score: 3

    How about a graphical history... and also include unix, linux, blah, blah, blah...

    --
    Does it go on forever?
  19. I thought *BSD was just one distribution? by Magnus+Pym · · Score: 2

    Isn't that what the *BSD guys complain about linux? Too many versions, too many different types of packages etc. What exactly prevents me from starting a new freeBSD distribution? In fact, secureBSD and TrustedBSD seem to be "BSD distributions".

    Magnus.
  20. Re:dead? by fmaxwell · · Score: 2

    You are an idiot and you just keep re-pasting the same lame troll post every time the three letters B,S, and D show up in a row. The BSD variants are developed by volunteers. How will BSD "die"? It's not like there is a payroll to support. BSD outperforms Linux while being more secure. That appeals to many people and companies. Your harp on about BSDI taking over distribution of FreeBSD. So what? How many Linux vendors have gone belly-up? Corel dropped Linux. Does that mean Linux sux and is doomed? Lots of Linux vendors are operating in the red. Is that a sign that Linux is on its way out? We've all seen your post here and in the 150 other places that it's appeared on Slashdot. Now go away until you have something new to say.