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Heart of the Net
The Net has evolved, and radically. It's much too big and diverse for a single locus. It's also much too corporatized, and its new kinds of messaging systems increasingly too personalized and subterranean. Unless you're selling things via AOL or MSN, there's no longer any way even to reach a significant chunk of the Net universe, including the tech elites who still wield so much influence in cyberspace. The new media sites are all struggling; Wired has become a homogenized bulletin board for computer execs; and the most successful and heavily trafficked sites are about products, games or entertainment.
Since the Net has always been an almost organic, free-form entity -- nobody's in charge of it, or really decides how it will evolve and grow -- its epicenter floats all over. For a while, the heartbeat resided in the dream of new kinds of virtual and media communities -- the WELL, ECHO, Salon, Slate -- that popped up to connect people of common cultural or political interests. They were supposed to herald the movement of traditional media online. They were top-down, agenda-setting and, almost without exception, marginal or unsuccessful.
Enter AOL, then and now a Main Street for middle-class access. Its labyrinthine commercial sites, shameless peddling of goods, vast network of messaging boards and sex sites a form perfect metaphor for the evolution of the modern Internet -- people selling things like mad, and forming ever smaller, more specialized groups to talk to people much like themselves, with the same interests and ideals.
Of these developments, probably the early design era -- the Net's actual construction -- was its most idealistic. The early BBS's felt -- and were -- revolutionary, and few of the people first going online could help but feel they were participating in and witnessing the birth of a new kind of culture. Engineers and defense researchers like Postel, Licklider set out to build a free and open information network that would theoretically be open to and benefit everyone. Net architecture was certainly designed that way, and government, media and business paid little attention to the network, dismissing it as the handiwork of tech-heads and kids, irrelevant once the Cold War had passed.
The hacker period was the most revolutionary, and the open source phase one of the most political, especially when that movement rose to challenge the Microsofting of the desktop. The rise of the dot.coms might have been the most purely American era, in its speedy rise, greed and eventual collapse. Open source didn't stop the Microsofting of the Net, but it might have forced programmers to write better code, and greatly influenced the culture in other ways, creating a community of programmers committed to the idea of open access to information. And panicking corporate lobbyists into co-opting intellectual property legislation.
In between, enterprises like Amazon.com, which teased and tantalized investors and analysts with the retailing promise of networked computing, served as the heart of the Net, at least for a time, because they were so closely studied and monitored, and in some ways, highly innovative. For better or worse, Amazon has changed marketing in America for good.
Napster, which freed millions of music lovers from the hoary grip of the recording industry, symbolized the Net's challenge to hierarchical business and institutional structures -- until it showed the true power of corporatists. For years, the hackers believed nobody could stop them. After the Napster battles, it was clear that lobbyists and lawmakers, especially conjunction with wealthy corporatists, could. Briefly, Napster was the heart of the Net, and the Napster era -- now over -- one of it's most pivotal periods. Perhaps inevitably, this wasn't a fight the good guys ever really had a shot at winning, although they were slow to see it. While free music is still widely available online - free software types and music and movie traders are all over the place - the Net, it's now clear, will not remain a free frontier except in certain isolated and idiosyncratic corners.
The free software movement, in fact, was the apogee of the Net's most recent political period, the legacy to the hacker idea of liberating information, especially its sudden radical promise and challenge to proprietary institutions and information. For the hackers, the idea of an Open Net was their shining hour. Then the software turned communications inward, mostly permitting shoppers, chatters and people of like mind to talk to one another and shut out the clutter and the spam, including different points of view. At first, it was just religious fanatics and pious Boomers who embraced the idea of blocking and filtering. Then even hackers adopted it as a means of filtering out all that noise and an enormous volume of unwanted messiahs. The Net, designed to be the most open medium ever, became an increasingly closed nation of blockades, guardhouses and moderation and ratings systems. What the corporatists didn't sanitize, the hackers themselves chopped up.
An idea very close to the heart of the Net -- an open medium -- died, probably for good.
Where's the heart of the Net now?
The odd truth is that there probably isn't one.
The Net has become an economic and utilitarian rather than social, political or idealistic network. It has grown beyond almost anybody's earliest imaginings to become a thoroughly mainstream and very American communications medium., thoroughly corporatized and Disnified. Its grown too diffuse to have a center. Half of the nation is now online, says the U.S. Department of Commerce, nearly 90 percent of all kids.
AOL, a peculiar notion of the Net, is dominant -- with more than 25 million subscribers, it's probably the biggest single entity on the Net, at least in the U.S., and the largest host of utilitarian virtual communities. MSN is fast closing the gap. Who imagined just how prescient Steve Case really was, or how determined Bill Gates was? The middle-class wants to use the Net for pragmatic purposes -- shopping, entertainment, personal communications, and yes, sex. And they don't mind giving up privacy and freedom from corporate and government monitoring to do it.
This isn't meant to be a lament, not entirely. The Net was intended as an individualistic medium; it was inevitable that it would grow beyond a single focal point. Individualists still use it to chatter around the clock via mailing lists, blogs, vanity sites and IRC. But mostly, they appear to be speaking to ever smaller increments, like one another, rather to the larger world. The notion of the Net as a new kind of common ground is nearly over.
It isn't yet possible to know if this is a good or bad thing. The flowering of individual ideas is astounding; it's also a cacophony and something of a trap. Few of them escape their immediate surroundings. The fragmentation, hostility and narcissism are equally jarring. The Net may never recover from the waves of hostile adolescents and intellectual programming crackers, like the DoS vandals -- often bitter enemies of free speech -- who thundered online in the 90s, nor from the corporatists who shaped and co-opted telecommunications policy, copyright and intellectual property law. The Net is perennially interesting, and in many ways its story is just beginning to unfold, but in a far subtler way. This culture is being transformed by its own success.
stop comparing the net to an organism, there is only so far you can take that analogy. It's just a medium of communication, there is no need to asign an epicenter to it and it porbably isn't even possible
I live in Brazil, where AOL tried to enter the market but loses constantly to national ISPs. We here have many free ISPs and also some who charges money but offers a lot of content.
I believe the future of the Net will still be created by us: engineers, developers, programmers, system and network administrators. We are the Internet power. Our communities and associations with scientific and open spirits are the only way to mantain and establish open standards and open source softwares who can keep the Net and all its infrastructure alive. Without us the corporatists are nothing more than crying babies and the machines will simply stop!
Thank you all.
Jose Paulo Papo, from Brazil
"Learning, learning, learning - that is the secret of jewish survival" -- Ahad A'Ham
Please.
This fits just nicely into the category of stories that have been posted recently. First, His Royal Hypocrit RMS, a lot of bullshit about licenses and now this rant.
There is nothing like a golden era of the net. You just remember a period of relative peace, stability and comfort in which you accidentally stumbled on the internet and decided to spend some time with it. The internet is exciting NOW, and you are living in the present. Stop whining about the good old days.
Don't overemphasize. Check your reality.
no sig error.
That's a good thing, I think. The net is mapping to the world at large, not the exclusive domain of the cogniscenti, or the young or the hardcore geeks.
All of those communities can find places to thrive and even to interact, but they will do so in the company of other communities using the web in ways that suit them.
It's a wonderful grown-up kind of thing.
The "Net" Isn't alive. The "Net" will never be alive. There is no heart of the net, as it's constantly changing by the input of countless of people. AOL is a provider, not the heart. BBS's were not even on the net, for as the name implies (Net) they would of have to of been interconnected, and that was not usually the case. Microsofting of the net?.. care to explain that? Sure they're a huge monopoly, but i don't see any part of the "Net" carved out for them. Only some servers running their code. Opensourcing is a reasonable outcome of interconnecting everyone together. I don't believe it's motives were purely political. There have been many collaberations going on before anyone mentioned anything about gpling their stuff.
All in all, the net is just a tool. Nothing more. To try and look at it in a different light is a waste of time.
If there's a heart of the Net, it's Google.
Without Google, the Internet wouldn't be nearly as useful for me.
that it has no top-down imposed heart, epicenter, or focal point. This is pull tech, whether you're talking web, usenet, or whatever. And when it does become push, people become irate (Spam anyone?). So, if you define the heart as whatever former Wired lackeys say, then it changes on a weekly basis, or its absence is lamented. If, however, you use the myriad abilities of the net daily, you know where its heart is, and not surprisingly, its close to your own.
this article reminds me of exactly why i stopped reading wired several years ago: it's sensationalist fluff.
a) the "gurus of wired" never did anything but write pie-in-the-sky articles about the "new economy", as if infotech somehow freed the human race from manufacturing, farming, etc (a decidedly first-world conceit). if it wasn't that specious line of reasoning, then it was silly futurist articles about how technology was going to either make everyone into a superhuman cyborg or alternately turn the planet into a william gibson novel gone wrong. i give wired props for graphic design, but not much else. read it in an airport when you're bored, but if you want science news, read a science journal.
b) all of this eulogizing is a bit premature. the hacker period is not over. people are still hacking away, in fact, i'd bet that the number of people writing free software is larger now than in your idealized hacker period. it's just not big sexy news anymore. shut up and let people work.
c) before you get all misty-eyed (too late, i know), the "heart of the NET" was the u.s. military. i'm much happier with the heart of the net being porn sites than some kind of post-apocalyptic military communications network. that seems like progress to me. if some gung-ho motherfuckers get our world blown-up, the last thing i want them to be able to do is get together and talk about it afterwords.
I have a name for those "Wired magazine visionaries and gurus". I call them Latte Drinkers. (Yes, the reference to Quiche Eaters is entirely intentional.) Latte Drinkers like to pontificate about that which they don't understand. They are bogon emitters. They latch onto the cultures they find on the net, parasitize them, and generate hype about technology they can't be arsed to learn about. They may be largely responsible for the tech bubble of the late nineties. Of course they won't fade away as the bubble collapses; they'll just find something new to latch onto. But they're still around. Case in point, the author of the above article exhibits Latte Drinker behavior to such a degree that it's a wonder he's still kept around on a "news for nerds" site. Go figure.
N4st0r, trixx0r h0bb1tz0rz! Th3y st0l3 0ur pr3c10uzz!
The heart of the net can be described as evolution.
The heart of the net is the beat..wait, no, that's rock'n'roll.
Why does everyone feel the need to summarize the net? You can't do it. It's just the big wonderful, horrible, informational, disgusting, collection of people, their thoughts, data, and lives.
Damn, I ask why everyone tries to summarize it, and then that's what I go and do. Shame on me. But then again, don't you Em Emalb me for everything anyway?
Sent from your iPad.
Amid all those "outsiders of the week", ever since the net went public its biggest componants and financial backers have been the huge brick and mortar businesses. Suburban hackers and dot coms have at their best been a far second to IBM, 3M, Merrill Lynch, Wells Fargo, General Motors and all of the other multi-billion dollar companies that, through their own use of the net, covered the costs of building it so the eschewed hackers Jon so loves to think he's in touch with could write a few perl scripts.
If we're talking about ideas that are at the heart of the net and what most represents them, I'd have to say that for the last 8 or 10 years - since the net started to be really popular - that idea has been self-promotion, whether of a mega corporation or an idea or a person. My vote for the epicenter of this use of the net is jennicam.
Ok,
Now that I have your attention, I would like to point out a fact that a lot of people seem to miss:
Jon is good for slashdot. He makes you think. Yes, a lot of his articles are high on the fluff-meter, but he means well AND, it's his opinion. You are allowed to voice yours, he is allowed to voice his. Many people here despise him, and yet they keep on posting replies to his messages. That's exactly what is wanted here. He gives a view point, you say BS, jump on it, and add your $.02. Then, your opinion is considered, people post to that, and so on. It's called communication, and it rocks. If you really don't like his articles, go to your preferences page and stop seeing them.
One last thing...Jon is human like the rest of us, please keep those posts that call him stupid, an asshole, etc., to a minimum. How would you like it if a bunch of people got together and PUBLICLY posted how much of a moron you are?
Let the flames/trolls begin.
Sent from your iPad.
What is the centre of books? What do all TV programmes have in commmon? Little or nothing. They're media, and they're only as interesting as their content. As more people access the internet, more of human life will be accessable. The less the internet is "about" something, the more interesting it will be.
And of course the net has evolved. Slashdot evolves every few hours, does it not? Everything on the net changes. No changes means no one visiting something they've always seen. Eventually, with these information changes, other things eventually get added. Look at Yahoo. Look at Google. Even slashdot gets new features to its slashcode. All these things cost money. Unless you're rich, you would at least like to recouperate these costs. Hence advertising. Even more new features to attract new customers.
Unless you're selling things via AOL or MSN, there's no longer any way even to reach a significant chunk of the Net universe, including the tech elites who still wield so much influence in cyberspace.
So, those sites that get slashdotted by us "tech elites" actually aren't reaching us? What about "all your base are belong to us". What of Napster? All these things reached a large chunk of the net. Invent a new search engine, better than Google. Include what you like on the homepage. You'll reach a hell of a lot of people.
As for new media sites struggling, can it be argued that the information on their sites is no longer of the quality it used to be? Because an article is split into as many as fifteen pages, each page containing at most three paragraphs? Media sites are forgetting the one main reason we visit them. For media in one easy-to-find place. Not split across pages so that advertising is shoved in our faces fifteen times instead of once.
Enter AOL, then and now a Main Street for middle-class access. Its labyrinthine commercial sites, shameless peddling of goods, vast network of messaging boards and sex sites...
Well, of course AOL is peddling things. Its a business. Give me a free access ISP, and I'll give you a much freer (sp?) internet. How can the internet truly be free when we have to pay to access it? (Free Library internet access withstanding - but how many people use that constantly?)
Of these developments, probably the early design era -- the Net's actual construction -- was its most idealistic. The early BBS's felt -- and were -- revolutionary, and few of the people first going online could help but feel they were participating in and witnessing the birth of a new kind of culture.
Well... duh. If you were there building the first spaceship to go to the moon, would you not feel the same? The same for building the original IBM PC? Anyone involved in building something big will feel the same way. And no longer will you feel the same about the future. How many of us really care if man lands on the moon again? Do we really care about another new PC with cries of "it'll change culture as we know it"? Been there, done that.
Briefly, Napster was the heart of the Net, and the Napster era -- now over -- one of it's most pivotal periods...
What about P2P nowadays? Could that not be the new "heart" of the web?
The free software movement, in fact, was the apogee of the Net's most recent political period, the legacy to the hacker idea of liberating information...
Wrong. Most people don't care, or have any thoughts about "free software". How can that be political, when most people don't care? Compare it to things such as abortion, terrorism, or even gay rights, and suddenly everyone has an opinion.
The internet is a communications medium. Don't ever forget that. Where's the heart of the Net now? Where's the heart of television or radio? There isn't one. And those mediums have survived without one. Yes, whilst television might not always have great shows on, then why does almost every household possess at least, and often more than, one television?
AOL may be the "Net" for millions, but who cares? Those folks were never really a part of the internet community anyway. From when I first started surfing newsgroups and gopher (in 1993) the net was a cacaphony of ideas without a centralized or focused direction or power. Has that changed?
The industrialization of the net hasn't changed the "core" (if there is such a thing) of the Internet one bit! If anything, it's perpetuated what many corporations/people/organizations fear: Totally and completely open exchange of ideas, information, commerce, etc.. It's something the marketing folks can't quantify, the sales people can't estimate, the politicians can't control.
Amazon makes a profit, France has outlawed Nazi paraphenalia (mis-speelled like a champ), but has that really changed anything? The "media guerillas" haven't been slowed, much less stopped. IBM is pushing a FREE (as in beer) OS! MS calls it a virus. Some "geek" zine has a heated, flame-filled, yet also containing some pretty good posts, about a license change to something that doesn't fully work! The implications of this change may have very interesting consequences. It may define which open licenses are most effective and the fate of this project may determine how much control a certian company has over the PC in the future. It may look minor now, but what happens if Wine takes off? What if suddenly everyone can easily use software written for windows on Linux/BSD/*NIX? What then? OTOH, it may fail and fall flat, but isn't the journey the point?
Some of the most exciting developments are happening in the open, under no corporate guidance, on this wierd, wild and uncontrolled medium. People named Theo, Linus, Miguel and many others are making decisions which are at least as important as those being made by people named Lou and Larry.
Is the spirit of the Internet dead, changed, "corporatized"? I should think not. It has matured, but is hardly dead. If anything, it has hardened as many have watched, with resentment, as corporations, governments and others attempt to control and restrict that which they also seek to profit from. OTOH, we've also seen evidence of the potantial of this unrestricted exchange of ideas.
Computer Science is Applied Philosophy
The "NET" as we so like to call it is merely a tool and/or medium. It is the "message" that we need to concentrate on.
The corporate messages are thus:
1) The "NET" can be used to make money.
2) The "NET" can be used to control/influence thought.
The hacker message:
1) The "NET" is k3wl.
2) The "NET" is just one giant shooting ground with a lot of slow moving targets.
The programmer's message:
1) The "NET" is a communication medium. Be it person-to-person, computer-to-computer, or program-to-program.
So there's no current epicenter. That just means that the "NET" has grown large enough for more than one group to expand the boundaries at the same time. If anything, we should look at this comoditization as a positive step and we can concentrate on the things that go on top of the "NET" rather than the "NET" itself.
--- I wish I could hear the soundtrack to my life. That way I'd know when to duck.
as i read this, it became increasingly obvious to me that this perspective of the web was one far different than mine... and then it dawned on me.
i use zeros and ones when it enhances my life. the author here uses zeros and ones for his life.
thats not a insult, (i do obviously choose to spend time with my computer as a hobby) but i wonder if people who dont spend so much time with the computer would have such a life altering view of the internet evolution as katz does here.
i know alot of people who dont know and dont care what the internet is, and are very happy, balanced, well adjusted, energetic people.
to then, all of the hoopla in the email is really over played.
There's nothing Intelligent about Intelligent Design.
First of all, I'd like to go on the record here as agreeing with many others in the respect that this article was pure unadulterated crap written solely for the purpose of sounding important and eating up space. (in my opinion)
Secondly, how in hell can there be a heart or soul of the internet if we can't even place where it begins or ends? Every time we come close to finding out that the net "wont go there" some silly jackass comes up with the idea of a "wired refrigerator" or something. For christs sake, what's next the blow-up doll with a 10/100 port so it'll be inflated and warmed up when I get home from work?
I remember when the internet was useful. You could find reference to information, once you found the reference you could read it (mostly in your own language) and you didn't have to stare at somebodys boobs or penis. Now I can lose weight, enlarge my penis, buck up my sex drive and gain the email addresses of millions of people all from the comfort of my office chair while doing a basic search for a programming tool.
Ladies and Gentlemen; we can all do without this crap. We can do without the junk on the internet and the people who write junk trying to personify and create the image of some ever changing entity that will either save or destroy us all depending on the yarn of the day. I know I personally don't give a crap about who's where, where it starts, where it ends. I don't care about java on the web, I don't want a "compelling experience" I'd just like to be able to read the friggin page in something other than russian or chinese?!?
Maybe I'm just overly sensitive, but the "net" is going to hell in a handbasket and soon there will only be two groups of people.... script kiddies and the marketting guys trying to sell them penis enlargers... > I want my old BBS back!
The world according to SComps
Well actually, isn't it a medium of *information* as well as communication? In my tiny corner of the beast...oops, I mean "corner of the net"... I run a web library and our ability to assemble information resources "on demand" to create a unique body of knowledge is at least as important as our ability to communicate those resources to our web audience.
I think this an important distinction compared to the phone system and so on.
Holy shit, Jon Katz! You're really the epitome of intellectual minimalism. I'm studying literature in University, and I get sick whenever I hear that high-brow-modern-culture commentator speaking of "locus", "shifts in perspective" or "defamiliarization." These are simply empty terms, abstract ideas not based on aything empirical, but only on the perspective one projects over the facts. Who cares about the "locus" (you like to sound intelligent, don't you?) of the Internet, when it's a damn _tool_ not a living being, an organic body or a person. You make me think of these pretentious culture writers in 'zines like Wired/Village Voice/etc that try to sound intelligent by using big words and big generalizations to chase the zeitgeist and are constantly referring to a golden age that never was. Won't you stop whining about the present, and acknowledge that it's no more like your adolescent dreams? You just do not want to look at what's interesting now and critique it. I guess you are the best example that Free Speech is no panacea. Did you know that freedom entails also responsibility? Like the responsibility of shutting up when you don't have anything brillant to say.
Jon,
.50 cents. The small, green, hardcover version...
/.; I find them glib and shallow.
I just wanted to let you know that I am currently reading 'Geeks'.
I bought it at a thrift store where I normally buy old pc parts for
I have always disliked your movie reviews on
I also find your articles here on Slashdot to be deliberate bait. I usually skip them.
However, I am really enjoying 'Geeks'.
Your writing style seems more fluid. More personal and yes, it definitely seems to be better edited.
In particular, I like that you advanced the boys cash. That seems human; I'm currently at the point where they are planning their 2nd move, and I really hope that I see more interaction between them and you.
As most geeks now, once you find a mentor and someone that believes in you, things go better. I'm betting that your interaction played a big part in the success of these boys.
Additionally, have you done a follow up on the book? What became of these guys?
Anyway, I'm going to try re-reading your stuff in the hopes that it lives up to 'Geeks' on a second reading.
And let me say again: what a load of horseshit. As someone who's been involved with the net long before Katz heard the word 'modem' (much less understood it), I can say unequivocally that there has never been a 'heart' as Katz defines it. In fact, the goddamned system was developed so that there could *be* no heart, technically speaking, and that same spec dominated all net-related interactions since the system began to take shape.
The press, in it's infinite stupidity, has many times in the past tried to characterize 'the Net' (with that capital 'N') as being defined by thing X, where thing X is the flashiest and simplest bauble that the press could find *and* understand. Note the last is especially critical, as the press is comprised of people possessing especially low IQs (we call them 'reporters') so they tend to gloss over or discard 95% of what they run into simply because they lack the brain cells to appropriately process the information. The other 5% they usually get wrong.
What the press refuses to accept is that the internet has no center, no locus, either technically, socially, intellectually, or in any other way you can think of. It never has, even back in the bad old days when it belonged to college students who made a hobby, and sometimes a career, of hacking the system while the 'academics' took credit for their innovations.
What Katz talks about has nothing to do with the net and instead has everything to do with the media perception of the net. This media perception has *always* been horribly wrong, in both its assumptions and its conclusions. Here, the assumption being that there is a heart (there isn't) and that this press-inspired delusion has been dominated at various times by groups that never truly existed or never wielded any real power.
What this piece boils down to is yet another whining, self-masturbatory exhibition of baseless assumptions and lies presented as facts. Virtually every line of Katz's article contains something patently false or ludicrous, tripe that only a reporter or a technophobic Boomer could buy into. In fact, the article is so full of shit that my original plan - to refute the statements individually - would haven taken several times the space of the article itself.
Perhaps Jon should give up writing on something he so very clearly knows nothing about. It's getting bloody tired, especially on a site that supposedly caters to the more technically-inclined. Jon clearly couldn't find his ass with both hands, so why is he posting articles on a technology which defies his ability to understand it? Enough is enough, already - hire someone who has at least a glimmering of a clue.
Max
My god carries a hammer. Your god died nailed to a tree. Any questions?