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Hic Hic Hooray: Hiccups Explained

Anonymous Hero writes "Finally after millions of years (and zillions of hiccups) New Scientist gives us an explanation for this most annoying and least obvious of adaptations!"

51 of 417 comments (clear)

  1. I always feel like a little kid when I get them... by Ron+Harwood · · Score: 4, Funny

    ...try being taken seriously at work when you have the hiccups...

  2. What I want to know by johndou1 · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Why do I yawn when I see someone else yawn?

    1. Re:What I want to know by Q-Branch · · Score: 2, Insightful

      If the yawning/coughing are at least partially caused by environmental influences, you are probably sharing that same environment when you see someone else yawn/cough. This shared experience, a dusty room or boring presentation, is probably what increases the odds of you following suit, not necessarily the initial yawn/cough.

    2. Re:What I want to know by Bonker · · Score: 5, Interesting

      A doctor once told me that most yawns (not all) were a sign that you had high levels of C02 building up in your bloodstream. (Thus, it happens more often when you're sleepy and not moving around much) Yawning slowly expels most the gas from your lungs and causes you to deeply inhale, hopefully getting more oxygen than carbon dioxide in the mix.

      Seeing another person yawn triggers the desire in you to yawn for the very real purpose of getting rid of your excess C02 as well. This may be because we know that if one of us is getting sleepy or deprived of oxygen we all are, or if one of us is in a location that is prone to oxygen depletion-- the bottom of a cave or burrow, for example-- then we need to move to an area that is more open to moving air.

      Humans have a lot of responses like this. When one of us gets sick and vomits, anyone else who sees it also feels sick and tries to vomit. The implication being that if one of us has eaten bad, possibly toxic food, the rest of us should try to purge our stomachs before it affects us.

      Try this the next time you're at home with your dog or cat. Yawn widely and deeply in front of your pet. Chances are, you can make your pet yawn. This is an old, *old* mechanism.

      I know I'm yawning just thinking about it.

      --
      The next Slashdot story will be ready soon, but subscribers can beat the rush and slashdot the links early!
    3. Re:What I want to know by mekkab · · Score: 2, Informative

      This guy is the man to ask...

      but I think the general consensus is that its all about group synchronization.

      Killer whales maintain pod cohesiveness through diving and respiratory synchronization
      (humans may have a vestige of this tendency in contagious yawning...
      quoted from What's new in neurofeedback

      I think yawning is also an important way of telling your companions "Time to GET OUT OF MY HOUSE."

      --
      In the future, I would want to not be isolated from my friends in the Space Station.
    4. Re:What I want to know by LondonLawyer · · Score: 2, Funny

      YAAAAAAAAAWN!

    5. Re:What I want to know by slim-t · · Score: 2, Funny
      Humans have a lot of responses like this. When one of us gets sick and vomits, anyone else who sees it also feels sick and tries to vomit. The implication being that if one of us has eaten bad, possibly toxic food, the rest of us should try to purge our stomachs before it affects us.

      Try this the next time you're at home with your dog or cat. Yawn widely and deeply in front of your pet. Chances are, you can make your pet yawn. This is an old, *old* mechanism.

      Whew! When I first read that, I thought you were recommending vomitting in front of your dog or cat and waiting to see what happens. Might be something fun to try at somebody else's house.

    6. Re:What I want to know by Verteiron · · Score: 3, Interesting

      This is a very, VERY old reflex. My wife keeps bettas (Siamese fighting fish) and I have seen them yawn unmistakably on severel occassions. What's interesting about that is that bettas are surface breathers (which is why you can keep them in tiny bowls), and every time I've seen once of them yawn, they immediately go up for air. They seem to do it especially if they spot each other through the glass and try to attack... BOTH fish will yawn and go up for air afterwards.

      Very odd.

      --
      End of lesson. You may press the button.
    7. Re:What I want to know by DahGhostfacedFiddlah · · Score: 2, Funny

      IIRC, The Journal of Irreproducible had a competition for the best theories (in anything). One of the winners was the theory that yawning is meant to equalize the pressure between your sinuses (I believe) and the external environment. However, when you do this, you create a tiny pressure change in the environment, which causes everyone else to have to equalize :)

      The winner of the contest was the theory that if a piece of buttered bread always lands butter side down, and a cat always lands on his feet...you can attach a piece of buttered bread to the back of a cat and drop it, and it will hover a few inches above the ground, slowly rotating.

  3. Now we know... by necrognome · · Score: 2, Funny

    and knowing is half the battle!

    --


    Let's get drunk and delete production data!
  4. Short Answer by passthecrackpipe · · Score: 3, Funny

    Because basically, we are fish....

    --
    People who think they know everything are a great annoyance to those of us who do.
    1. Re:Short Answer by sql*kitten · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Because basically, we are fish....

      I mentioned this article to the recently-pregnant project manager who sits next to me and she said she could feel her baby hiccuping while it was still "in development" and that it is a very strange sensation.

  5. Explanation? by stevenbdjr · · Score: 2, Informative

    I'm sorry, where did that article provide the explanation? I saw theory, but no proven, scientific answer, as the last two paragraphs indicate...

    It is a plausible idea, says Allan Pack, an expert in respiratory neurobiology at the University of Pennsylvania. "But it's going to be very tough to prove."

    Straus thinks the real test of theory will be to look at the specific neurons that control hiccups and suckling. If the team is right, he says, most of the nerve cells that are active during suckling should also be active when we hiccup.
  6. Babies by dmorin · · Score: 4, Interesting
    My baby was hiccuping the day she was born. The doctor said that hiccups in babies are very common and not the same frustrating thing they are in adults. On the contrary it's the cutest darned thing since the little darling never stops staring at you all the while hiccuping like a crazy person. (As a new parent you learn to distinguish the cute harmless hiccups from the ..ahem...juicier sounding ones that signify you'd better get yourself a burp cloth in a hurry.)

    The doctor also said that they have no clue why it happens, and that at least one study had shown that if you bring a baby out into bright light they will often start hiccuping. I keep pointing my daughter at the sun, but so far, nuthin. :)

    1. Re:Babies by Innova · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Our doctor also told us that hiccups are not frustrating and don't bother babies like they do adults. I didn't neccesarily believe this part. Why wouldn't they bother the baby just like they bother adults, does anyone know?

    2. Re:Babies by op00to · · Score: 2, Funny

      C'mon man! Babies yack on themselves and could care less. Babies are also known to tolerate sitting in shit for a while too. Sounds pretty laid back to me, you think a hiccup is worse than sitting in shit?

  7. This is an idea - a theory, for goodness sake! by anomaly · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The article seems to indicate that this is a concept - something that may have arisen from brainstorming, and may not be backed up by any data at all!!

    This "explanation" is apparently supported by the thinnest of threads in terms of evolutionary history, and hard evidence is not presented to back this claim. This does not stop the Slashdot editors from posting this as "stuff that matters."

    Please let the brainstormers check their ideas with research, show correlation, then causation, then present their findings in a way that can be checked by others.

    This hypothesis, if you can call it that, is not tested and is perhaps not testable.
    Why this reflex motion a) exists at all, and b) why it persists, if it descende from the frog may only be fodder for spectulation.

    Science requires more than mere speculation.

    Phooey.

    Anomaly

    --
    But Herr Heisenberg, how does the electron know when I'm looking?
    1. Re:This is an idea - a theory, for goodness sake! by Noehre · · Score: 2, Insightful

      At least use the correct scientific definition of 'theory.'

      A theory is not a hypothesis. A theory is not just an idea.

    2. Re:This is an idea - a theory, for goodness sake! by nanojath · · Score: 5, Insightful
      I think you're being overly hard on the idea proposed in this article and overly optimistic about the function of Slashdot. The point of the article is that this is an interesting hypothesis that fits known facts and eliminates some of the problems of other theories that have been proposed. Although it will be, as one scientist notes, very difficult to prove, the scientists proposing the theory do in fact suggest how they might pursue experimental evidence in support of their hypothesis.


      Does it "matter?" I think this article is fascinating. The suggestion that specific adaptations might persist beyond their usefulness to an organism because they form a foundation for later adaptations raises really interesting questions about how complex neurological behaviors are "built up" in organisms, and research in this territory could lead to a greater understanding of the line between inherited and learned behaviors, and the evolution of neurological response. That's cutting edge.


      Science is indeed more than speculation but science begins with speculation, hypothesis, and theory. When I want hard science news I go to the resources in the scientific community, I read my Chemical and Engineering News magazines. 95 percent of what I read there is so dry and technical it would be pointless to post it on Slashdot.


      "Münchnones, or mesoionic 1,3-oxazolium-5-oxides, are versatile substrates for 1,3-dipolar additions in constructing biologically active heterocycles. They usually are made by multistep synthesis, but now, Bruce A. Arndtsen, an associate professor of chemistry at McGill University, Montreal, and coworkers have come up with an easier way [J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125, 1474 (2003)]."


      That's "real" science reporting. And it is definately more groundbreaking, in the immediate sense, than an article speculating about hiccups. But there is nothing wrong with a "color" science article that makes me think and wonder and dream a little bit about larger issues.

      --

      It Is the Nature of Information to Transgress Artificial Boundaries

  8. Re:I always feel like a little kid when I get them by bwalling · · Score: 2, Interesting

    ...try being taken seriously at work when you have the hiccups...

    There is a trick to making them go away. It takes some concentration, but you can consciously prevent your muscles from doing that to you. I wish I knew how to explain it - it's like teaching someone to burp on command - I just "know" how to do it, but I'm not sure how to explain what to do.

  9. Take THAT creationists! by defile · · Score: 5, Funny

    Score one more for the we came from a puddle of sludge team!

    Not that I wouldn't prefer creation over evolution. Probably wouldn't have hiccups. Thanks a lot, natural selection.

  10. Re:Drinking by ch-chuck · · Score: 2, Funny

    Which shuts down the higher level brain functions and allows the inner fish to express itself.

    On the surface I may seem very profound, but deep down inside I'm actually a very shallow individual.

    --
    try { do() || do_not(); } catch (JediException err) { yoda(err); }
  11. easy influenced by DrSkwid · · Score: 2, Interesting

    like people coughing in a theatre, once one person starts the others follow.

    My hypothesis :

    Falling asleep and/or coughing is a dangerous activity with predators around. So when one person coughs and gives the game away it would be prudent to get your coughing over and done with now rather than when it goes quiet again.

    With yawning maybe it's a trigger to take an oxygen blast before it's necessary.

    Will that do?

    --
    There are places where the networks are not touching,and there are places where they are-Boeing's Lori Gunter
  12. More ammunition by binaryDigit · · Score: 4, Funny

    I'll have to show to article to the wife. That way the next time I get the hiccups, she'll understand why I start going for, uh well, if you read the article you'll know.

  13. Suffer the little children by kongstad · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Have you ever noticed hiccups in babies.

    My brothers just had a little girl. She quite a noisemaker - Cries almost all the time. Now I've noticed that sometimes in her rare quiet periods when she gets hickups - she doen't seem to care.

    Now this is a child that uses high screaming as the first symptom of hunger, or any othe discomfort - but when she has hickups she doesnt seem to notice. She'll just go on watching our faces - or whatever little people does for fun. This is even though every hickup makes her little body jump.

    While not even resembling proof for anything - it might suggest that the theory that suckling and hickups are related behaviour is not that far of.

    I get the worst hickups myself. My little 100kg 190 cm body, shakes in cramps an my head and throat aches - and they last for a long time. We once threw a dinner party - and I had the hickups all through dinner - quite conversationkiller :)

  14. So what? how to heal it? by jb_nizet · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Knowing why and how it happens is good, but what about healing hiccup?
    For most of us, hiccups are just a small annoyance for a couple of minutes, but I remember watching a medical TV emission where people explained that they suffered from chronical hiccups. These persons could have hiccups for several days (night and day), and their life was not funny at all.

    JB.

  15. Re:OT - Bitters and lime juice... by rpi1995 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I've got another one, but you can't use it on yourself.

    Put your thumb on the person's (victim's) forehead. I've no idea why this works, but it seems to be extremely effective. I think part of it has to do with the person concentrating on your thumb on their forehead.

    BTW-It does not work on yourself, I've tried.

  16. If Only... by stungod · · Score: 4, Funny

    If only I had known this in elementary school. It would have saved me from detention.

    Remember how all of the school health books had a little blurb on hiccups? The Q&A form went like this:

    Q: What causes hiccups?
    A: Hiccups are a spastic contraction of the diaphragm combined with the closing of the windpipe. Drink some water...

    I got in trouble for not accepting that. The teacher gave the class the same answer and I told him: "OK, so that's what they are, but WHY do we get them?" Same answer again. So I explained to the teacher and the class the difference between cause and effect.

    2 hours after school...oh, the trauma! Freakin' great way to foster a sense of inquiry.

  17. It's All Mental by GS11_Pus · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I have this argument with my significant other all the time. She gets hiccups fairly regularly - perhaps once a month. I haven't had the hiccups in over 15 years.

    When I was young, I remember reading an article that suggested hiccups were purely psychological. Since then, I've been convinced that it was purely a matter of will.

    Occasionally I'll get a single hiccup - usually after drinking a carbonated beverage of some variety. But I know that hiccups are psychological, and I never have a second hiccup. As I said, this has worked for over 15 years.

    My significant other? She swears that it's some biological function. Her hiccups? They last for at least five minutes - sometimes up to half an hour.

    Call me crazy, but at least I'm hiccup-free.

    1. Re:It's All Mental by SuiteSisterMary · · Score: 5, Funny

      Tonight, we'll interview a man who's had the hiccups for 27 years!

      *cut to clip from interview*
      *hic* Kill me. *hic* Kill me. *hic* Kill me. *hic* Kill me.

      --
      Vintage computer games and RPG books available. Email me if you're interested.
  18. Re:Yes and no by Black+Parrot · · Score: 2, Informative


    > The article relates a new theory, nothing more. It's a promising theory, and one which can be disproven easily. If the test fails to disproove the theory, then it can be taken more seriously as an explanation. Still, it may never be PROVEN, per se.

    In the natural sciences, theories are never proven, per se.

    --
    Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
  19. Re:I always feel like a little kid when I get them by bwalling · · Score: 2, Funny

    I know a way to prevent them....Try this...Fill water in your mouth and hold your nose with your hand...(such that you can't breathe)...Do this for a few seconds...and then release your nose...You will find them gone!! Try again for few seconds if the hiccups still persist!!

    The parent to my post was referring to having the hiccups while at work. I don't really suggest you try this while in a meeting!

  20. Re:But... what's the cure? by renehollan · · Score: 2, Funny
    Anyone got any sure-fire techniques?

    A bullet to the back of the head usually works.

    Of course, this has other undersirable consequences, but I could find nothing in your list of requirements that covered preserving the life of the hiccup victim.

    black humour, n.: a form of humour that pokes fun at sad, or otherwise undesired occurances (i.e. "NASA: Need Another Seven Astronauts," and "You can always count on NASA to put on a great fireworks show.")

    --
    You could've hired me.
  21. Explanation? by rasteri · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Correct me if I'm wrong, but the article seems to be a bunch of speculation.

  22. Re:in software terms by CommandNotFound · · Score: 2, Funny

    ...

    // FIXME: We have no idea what this does,
    // but we're afraid to touch it. It caused
    // an infinite loop in the Eden testing lab.
    // See workaround below. -Adam 1.0 team

    Brain::hiccup()
    {
    while (1)
    {
    // old code. don't touch.
    memcpy(GLOTTIS, 0xff);
    sleep(2000 * (random() + 0.5));

    // FIX added to work around infinite loop
    if (fearLevel() > 0.7)
    break;
    }
    }

  23. Chronic Hiccups by stixman · · Score: 2, Insightful

    It would be great if this research could help bring an end to Chronic Hiccups, a condition in some people which lasts for hours, days, or, in extreme cases, indefinitely, as a result of various illnesses of the lower abdomen. This could help afflicted people return to a normal lifestyle and regain their social life.

    --
    -
  24. nohup by Root+Down · · Score: 4, Funny

    UNIX can prevent hiccups in the first place with the nohup command.

    nohup whoami

    "UNIX: It sure beats drinking a glass of water while standing on your head!"

  25. Stopping hiccups by UnknownSoldier · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I don't know how scientific my technique is, but it's practical. :)

    Place both of your fingertips so that you feel the "bottom" of your rib cage, about 2 inches above either side of your belly button. Then move your fingers down about an inch, and then finally push in about an inch. Basically, you're pushing on your diaphragm. Hold for about 30 seconds. (Basically two hiccup cycles.)

    I discovered it after learning musicians should be breathing from their diaphragm. Has worked like a charm over the many years.

    Cheers

    1. Re:Stopping hiccups by throbbingbrain.com · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Long ago, I heard a news story about a guy that had violent hiccups for days. Finally, a doctor found and extracted an insect from his ear canal. The hiccups were gone.

      So, whenever I get hiccups, I dig around in my ear with a q-tip (or finger, in an emergency) and it works every time.

      Wierd, huh?

    2. Re:Stopping hiccups by Lobsang · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I am very prone to hiccups. The only thing that works every time is to drink any soda real fast and (eeew!) burp real loud! I don't know what it does but the burping stops right there. Try it next time you have hiccups [but please, please, find the nearest restroom first -- nobody wants the cure to be worse than the disease :)]

  26. Re:I always feel like a little kid when I get them by ebh · · Score: 4, Interesting

    This has only failed me once in the last ten years. YMMV.

    1. Get a glass of water.
    2. Take a deep breath and let it out, but don't push it out. Don't worry if you hiccup during that breath.
    3. Without taking another breath, start taking *tiny* sips of the water; try to take at least one per second. Swallow each one. Keep your epiglottis closed as much as you can, in case you hiccup in the middle of doing this.
    4. After 10-15 sips, the muscles in your mouth and throat will start to get tired, making it more difficult to do this. Keep going.
    5. After a few more sips you won't care about the tired muscles, because you'll really REALLY want to breathe. Force yourself to take a couple more sips, then stop drinking and take that breath.

    You should have no more hiccups after this. If you keep hiccuping wait a few minutes and try again. If it doesn't work on the second try, you're screwed. Also, this will not work if the hiccups are from being drunk and it may not work if they're a side-effect of medication.

  27. Re:Not quite as useful... by rdpie · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Allow me to ANSWER ALLLLL your Questions (how come no-one knows this stuff). a) We yawn when we are TIRED -- the extra oxygen and the expelling to stale old CO2 rich air helps to WAKE US UP. Thats why you yawn when you are tired. b) The whole you yawn I yawn thing is due to humans being social animals. If one of our 'tribe' is tired (i.e. ANYONE else) then its probably time for sleep, yawning is a way of passing the message around (or so it is thought). Its kinda like when you see other people sleeping you want to go to sleep... c) Based on answer a: i) SIT UP -- give your lungs space to move ii) Breath more deeply iii) Get some fresh air and some light. Ultimately, 'yawning is just a BIG breath of fresh air'. Thats also why you yawn when you get up in the morning.

  28. Photopic sneeze by LondonLawyer · · Score: 4, Interesting

    There's a problem for fighter pilots called photopic sneeze which affects them when they are suddenly hit in the eyes with bright sunlight and can cause loss of control at high speeds. Interesting that some guy here mentions a drinking buddy who used to both sneeze and hiccough when out drinking. Wonder how closely these two spasmodic reflexes are linked.

  29. Re:I always feel like a little kid when I get them by GreyPoopon · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I don't know about the rest of you, but I only get hiccups when I have air trapped in my stomach. I've found there are two ways to get rid of them (for me). Both involve burping. The first is to swallow more air by closing off the windpipe and sucking air into the stomach, which almost immediately causes me to burp and usually takes both the trapped air and the new air I swallowed with it. This is what I've always assumed that my hiccups were trying to make me do, so bully on the article that was posted. The second, which I prefer, is to tense my stomach muscles in such a way that at the next hiccup, the air is forced out of my stomach. Using these techniques, I rarely hiccup more than three times. In fact, the last time I couldn't get rid of them was right after I had my wisdom teeth removed (years ago) and I was still recovering from the effects of whatever valium derivative they used.

    --

    GreyPoopon
    --
    Why is it I can write insightful comments but can't come up with a clever signature?

  30. Re:But... what's the cure? by Omkar · · Score: 2, Insightful

    1. A spoonful of dry sugar works for many.

    2. My mom taught me this - get a glass of water, then hold your breath and take 8-10 little sips, swallowing after each one. 80% success rate, for me.

  31. This is an idea - a theory, for goodness sake! by TheJesusCandle · · Score: 2, Insightful

    The article seems to indicate that this is a concept - something that may have arisen from brainstorming, and may not be backed up by any data at all!!

    This "explanation" is apparently supported by the thinnest of threads in terms of evolutionary history, and hard evidence is not presented to back this claim. This does not stop the Slashdot editors from posting this as "stuff that matters."

    Please let the brainstormers check their ideas with research, show correlation, then causation, then present their findings in a way that can be checked by others.

    This hypothesis, if you can call it that, is not tested and is perhaps not testable. Why this reflex motion a) exists at all, and b) why it persists, if it descende from the frog may only be fodder for spectulation.

    Science requires more than mere speculation.

    Phooey.

    Anomaly

  32. another remedy by smartfart · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I've found that taking a gulp of coca-cola and letting it fizz in my mouth before swallowing usually does the trick. If no carbonated beverage is available, swishing water in my mouth really hard, then swallowing really fast also works.

  33. Re:I always feel like a little kid when I get them by andrew_0812 · · Score: 4, Funny

    I don't really suggest you try this while in a meeting!

    Why not? It could get rid of the hiccups. I am sure the rest of the people in the meeting could relate. And if it didn't work, and you hiccuped with a mouth full of water, causing you to inhale a portion of it, and then invoulantarily cough and spew that water all over the conference table, well, that would just provide some comic relief that was probably sorely needed anyway.

    Right?

  34. No, no, no by filmsmith · · Score: 4, Funny

    When you yawn, you're readjusting the pressure inside your head. It's why your ears pop. When someone else yawns, they've just altered the pressure around your head so now YOU have to calibrate your pressure to match the NEW air pressure.

  35. Re:I always feel like a little kid when I get them by dalassa · · Score: 2, Interesting

    It helps if you've had any relazation training. The best way I've found to describe it is to concentrate on your chest and try to relax the muscles that are unusally tense. It takes some practice to get it right but it usually works.

    --
    Feminism is the radical notion that women are people.
  36. Re:Millons? by Bowling+Moses · · Score: 2, Interesting

    You're not here to argue your position, fine. Neither am I. Actually, I am only reluctantly posting as a non-AC because I'd actually like you to read what I've got to say.

    The problem is that there are a large number of different positions that can be lumped under the "creationist" title. In one point of view, it forms a continuum:

    Young Earth Creationist to Old Earthers
    6000 years old ala Archbishop Ussher, the earth is flat, pi is exactly 3, rabbits chew their cud, etc. uber-strict literalism(yes these people exist)
    6000 years old ala Archbishop Ussher, literal 7-day creationists
    ~10,000 years old earth, literal 7-day creationists
    ~10,000 years old earth, "God's Time" 7-days; ie not using our notion of time, aka Day-Age
    10,000-millions years old, with either day-age or literal 7-days
    Billions of years old, often using day-age terminology for creation events.

    Except for the first group all of the above might incorporate evolution or big-bang theories in some modified form. Common modifyiers might be that God created "kinds" of animals (the term "kinds" usually nebulously defined, if at all) and that they evolved into the current species we see today. Stricter I suppose would be those who agree with "kinds" being created and that they adapt via microevolution (never macro-) or that they can differentiate to some degree, but only through degeneration. Big bang might be incorporated as how God created the universe, stars, planets, etc. but with some different rate than the mainstream accepts or using day-age terminology for God's forming the stars and planets, etc.

    After the more or less literal creationists come different positions in theistic evolution. People here might range from "God made everything look the way science tells us to test our faith" to "evolution happens but God made people with some day-age thingie" to "evolution happens, but God guides it" to "evolution and big bang yeah, but God's so friggin smart he coded it all into the laws of nature at the start" or "I don't mix my science and religion." The first group might prefer to be called creationists whereas the others would find the term insulting.

    There are of course many other variants, but that's kind of the point of this: creationism applies to a lot of different points of view which directly contradicts what you've been saying. Also, you're calling the more literalist positions ignorant the same way evolutionists call creationists of all stripes ignorant. Pot. Kettle. Black.

    For a history of the creationist movement in America and how the different camps relate to each other try Ronald L. Numbers' "The Creationists." It's a little dated now (1992) but is an excellent read. The guys' an evolutionist, but Gish (of Institute for Creation Research and one of those more literal guys you'd call ignorant) gave it the thumbs up, if memory serves. As for me, I like my religion and science seperated.