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California Demands Licensure For VoIP Providers

muonzoo writes "Looks like California will be wrangling up the VoIP companies and mowing them down. Or, at least licensing them. CNET has a story about state legislators' push for all VoIP companies in the state to carry a Telephone Operator License. CNET also has a quick blurb about Vonage and how they have recently started charging customers a 'Regulatory Recovery Fee.' Ugly stuff for a young industry." Here's our earlier post about Vonage charging the regulatory recovery fee.

48 of 265 comments (clear)

  1. Here's a link by Sir+Haxalot · · Score: 4, Informative

    to the same story on ZDNet.

    --
    I have over 70 freaks, do you?
    1. Re:Here's a link by gardel · · Score: 3, Informative

      Here's a better link to a much more complete story (that CNET clearly followed):

      http://www.voxilla.com/Article25-nested-order0-t hr eshold0.phtml

      --
      Marcelo Rodriguez Editor Voxilla.com http://voxilla.com
  2. Operator license = fees and taxes by r_glen · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Yet another not-so-subtle attempt at increasing state revenue.
    Stay away from my internet, dammit!

    1. Re:Operator license = fees and taxes by PerlGuru · · Score: 2, Informative

      I'm a vonage user and recently (a week ago, or the week before) received am email message indicating that they were lowering thier rates by $5, which they did. Vonage seems like a great company to me. I had difficulties getting ahold of support when we first went with them (about a year ago) but they have grown now. I haven't, however needd to call support since then.

  3. Internal VoIP Included? by nurb432 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    What if i do VoIP totally inside my company. does this sort of garbage effect me as well?

    what about software suppliers.. ( both commercial and OSS )

    etc etc.

    ( and no i didnt read it.. link didnt come up here )

    --
    ---- Booth was a patriot ----
    1. Re:Internal VoIP Included? by Quarters · · Score: 4, Insightful
      Do you have to pay any telephone operator regulatory charges now?

      Do you sell your VoIP services to end users?

      If you answered yes to either/both of those, then you probably are affected. If you're not a VoIP provider then I doubt you have anything to worry about.

      I don't see this as as big a deal as the submittor of the article does. If a company is a telephone provider, regardless of the trasmission mechanism used, then they should have to play using the same set of rules/regulations as the other telephone providers.

    2. Re:Internal VoIP Included? by 0x0d0a · · Score: 2

      Exactly. This is unenforceable and stupid, made by folks trying to adapt old-media rules to the Internet to keep old business models afloat. You *cannot* sanely enforce this -- if you want to do something equivalent but reasonable, your only option is a tax on Internet data as a whole.

      *God*, I hate people trying to legislate the Internet. I wish I had a list of "good" tech politicians (the EFF oughta provide this) to support. That Rick what's-his-name from Virginia that keeps hitting Slashdot seems to have pretty pro-tech views, for instance.

    3. Re:Internal VoIP Included? by M$+Mole · · Score: 3, Insightful

      This is exactly right. I work for a police deptartment...how do you think the state funds 911 Emergency Services? Taxes on phones. Look at the bottom of your phone bill fellow Californians, there's a tax notice there that goes to supporting your emergency services.

      If someone is acting as a PROVIDER of phone services, then the tax needs to apply to them.

      --
      Karma: Non-existant. Due mostly to the fact that you smell funny and nobody likes you.
    4. Re:Internal VoIP Included? by darrin60 · · Score: 2, Informative

      Don't confuse computer to computer VOIP as what the state governments have chosen to regulate. They are only going to regulate VOIP where it interfaces with the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network). This interconnection is what differentiates your voice chat computer programs from what what companies like Vonage do. All service providers who interconnect with the PSTN are regulated.

    5. Re:Internal VoIP Included? by Lemmeoutada+Collecti · · Score: 2, Informative

      Ah, but the local 911 will not allow VoIP to connect into their network, and as a taxpayer, I do not see paying for a service I am denied the ability to use.

      --

      You can have it fast, accurate, or pretty. Pick any 2.
  4. Bullshit by eln · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Just because VoIP involves voice, that does NOT mean it's the same as telephone service. The monopolistic nature of telephone service (only one company can realistically have lines in a given area, particularly in the "last mile") makes heavy regulation and regulatory fees necessary. VoIP does not suffer from this physical limitation to competition, and thus any number of VoIP providers can exist in any area. This is yet another blatant attempt of government to cash in on an emerging technology.

    1. Re:Bullshit by Shalda · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I'll have to disagree with you here. The issue, as many states now seem to see it, is that at some point VoIP no longer travels over IP. A call originating on IP eventually meets up with the Plain Old Telephone System, wherein any number of regulations apply. The government is not trying to "cash in", they're trying to make everyone play by the same rules. That's pretty much what government does or mostly should. As a libertarian, I think it's appropriate that Vonage be held to the same standards (and fees) as everyone else. Of course, as a libertarian, I also think most of those standards and fees shouldn't exist in the first place, but that's a fight for another day.

      Now, there is an argument to be made for the fact that Vonage can't actually verify the physical location of a caller. However, they are using California area codes and California billing addresses, so it's pretty realistic to mandate a California telephone operator's license. As for fees, there's also an argument that there maybe ought to be a different schedule since they're not using traditional land lines. However, I suspect this is an issue cellular providers have long since addressed.

    2. Re:Bullshit by iabervon · · Score: 2, Informative

      The issue is that Vonage (et al) actually give you a telephone number and let you make telephone system calls. The VoIP step is irrelevant there; the issue is that you're making and receiving regular phone calls in Vonage's office, which then connects to you over the internet. It doesn't matter if you go to the phone company building to make your calls, have a long phone cord to your home, or connect over the internet. There's still a phone circuit there with your number on it, and the company still does telephony.

      If governments start bothering pure VoIP companies (where the voice only goes over IP and you have nothing to do with the phone network), that would be a different matter. But that doesn't seem to be happening currently, and probably won't, because what's far more likely is that there won't be a services company doing that; it'll be peer-to-peer sound managing software and a directory service (or maybe it will just use DNS, like email does).

      On the other hand, things like the operator and 911 are tied to the phone network and probably won't move to VoIP any time soon. It's these sorts of things that telephone regulation funds and that the phone network provides reliable access to.

  5. Just wait for the Taxinator to get in office... by warpSpeed · · Score: 4, Funny
    When Arrrnold gets in office, this will all get taken care of :-)

    *ducks, and runs for life...*

    1. Re:Just wait for the Taxinator to get in office... by NightSpots · · Score: 2, Insightful

      With any luck, your off-hand joke will be reality.

      California doesn't need any more taxes, we need to cut spending. That isn't going to happen with Davis, et al in power. Arnold or McClintock are the only ones who have expressed any interest in cutting spending.

    2. Re:Just wait for the Taxinator to get in office... by Yohahn · · Score: 2, Insightful

      If you believe that, I've got some swampland in Florida that I want to sell ya.

      No, really!!

      Who makes the laws in California?
      How is being the executive going to reduce programs?

    3. Re:Just wait for the Taxinator to get in office... by sharkey · · Score: 2, Funny
      When Arrrnold gets in office

      I thought Talk Like a Pirate Day was over.

      --

      --
      "Outlook not so good." That magic 8-ball knows everything! I'll ask about Exchange Server next.
  6. Indicative of the business environment in Cal. by NightSpots · · Score: 2, Insightful

    This is quite indicative of the business environment in california, and a perfect example of why the recall is (1) going forward, and (2) going to replace Davis with a Republican who's not afraid to protect business.

    6 more days til the vote.

    1. Re:Indicative of the business environment in Cal. by driftingwalrus · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Someone who's not afraid to *protect* business? Good god man, have you any idea what you're saying?! The DMCA was passed to protect business! Every copyright term extension has been to protect business! I say business has enough protection - what about protecting people for once? How about the people of Bhupal, India? Dow(who bought out the old Union Carbide plant) seems pretty well protected, but who's protecting the people who have to deal every day with a toxic landmine?

      --
      Paul Anderson
      "I drank WHAT?!" -- Socrates
  7. Voice IM? by moehoward · · Score: 4, Interesting

    What about things like Voice IM? The standards for defining telephony are pretty loose. I talk to people (video conference, voice chat...) over IM all the time via Yahoo and Windows Messenger.

    Seems odd to single it out because the lines already exist. I thought that the phone companies were regulated in large part because of the necessity of having only one line per house, rather than 20 providers digging up your town.

    Don't most people already pay these access charges in one way or another via ISPs or other downstream providers.

    I suspect that the politicians are much more stupid than we assumed. And I mean that.

    --
    "If you want to improve, be content to be thought foolish and stupid." - Epictetus
    1. Re:Voice IM? by argmanah · · Score: 2, Insightful
      Seems odd to single it out because the lines already exist. I thought that the phone companies were regulated in large part because of the necessity of having only one line per house, rather than 20 providers digging up your town.

      Don't most people already pay these access charges in one way or another via ISPs or other downstream providers.

      I suspect that the politicians are much more stupid than we assumed. And I mean that.
      They aren't stupid, they are just trying to wrangle as much for themeselves as they can out of new technologies.

      What they fail to realize is that this is the Internet age. The location of a company hardly matters any more. If Yahoo chooses to spin off their VoIP division and move it to Arizona as a subsidiary, the end user wouldn't even notice.

      Being the first state to tax something Internet related is a great way to drive businesses out of your state.
      --
      Overrated Moderation: This posts sucks... because.
  8. Vonage fees? by EvilStein · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Vonage also lowered the monthly fee, too.

    I *really* don't want my VoIP service to wind up with more than 6 different taxes like my old Pacific Bell service did.
    I pay PUC/etc taxes on my internet connection already. I really don't want to be double-dipped for my VoIP service.

  9. This is stupid by smackjer · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Will IM clients like Yahoo Messenger, AIM, etc, which allow you to talk to someone using VoIP be regulated the same way, and be on the same fee schedule? This is another case (like the RIAA) of technology rendering certain cash-cow business models obsolete. These industries and the FCC/government (via tax revenue and fees) are accustomed to raking in cash for providing a service whose infrastructure is not only outdated but insufficient in many cases. I think for the first time in history we are seeing capitalism getting in the way of progress.

    --

    This is my sig. There are many like it, but this one is mine.
  10. Boy o boy by stratjakt · · Score: 2, Informative

    California's governors sure do know how to drive business out-of-state, don't they?

    My VoIP phone is ringing. It's Ahnold. He says "Hasta la vista, baby bells!"

    --
    I don't need no instructions to know how to rock!!!!
  11. Re:Makes sense to me..... by edstromp · · Score: 3, Informative

    Because the laws and such were originally defined with the understanding that there would be a monopoly on telephone services (or at least the line into your house).

    That is no longer the case. Especially with the internet, as you can get a connection by cable, dsl, satelite, wi-fi, fm, etc... It's a free market. Regulation (at least in this sense) is no longer necessary.

    And becides does it make sense to charge a company in NJ for this? All they have are customers in other states. They don't own any property or goods outside of their centraly located servers... which don't reside in your state.

  12. Re:Makes sense to me..... by smackjer · · Score: 2, Insightful

    How do extra taxes/fees protect us from wiretaps and fraud, and ensure any privacy?

    --

    This is my sig. There are many like it, but this one is mine.
  13. VoIP tax is going to happen. by jbottero · · Score: 2, Insightful

    John Leutza, director of the California Public Utilities Commission's telecommunications division. "They sure look like a phone company in nearly every regard," he said in an interview Tuesday. "This will be California's policy, going forward."

    Regulators are typically of the same general mind set as monopolists, and in an earlier day they would probably all have worked for railroads. But while VoIP offers some of the same services as telephone, there are significant differences in the technology, as pointed out in many posts here. I don't think the current laws will support the CPUC position, but just like chumming for fish, where there is money to be had, the politicos will be swarming.

    VoIP has a big potential to cut into the bottom line of some DEEP POCKET telephone companies, and you can bet these people's money will grease the pockets of the politicos in California.

  14. Typical by thefirelane · · Score: 3, Insightful
    With Gray Davis' days numbered, the California legislature is cranking out as many liberal laws as possible. The Wall Street Journal has an article about it on the front page.

    This legislation serves two real purposes: winning over many Democratic supporters and interest groups and giving Democrats ammo to fire against Arnold when he repeals them. Note, the last reason is fairly typical of any political group.... Clinton signed environmental legislation that was extremely harsh, knowing that if Bush won he'd have to repeal them which would let Democrats call him anti-environmental (If Gore won, no one would care about him repealing the laws, as it didn't fit into the stereotype)

    Recent CA laws passed include:
    • granting illegal immigrants the right to driver's licenses
    • enacting the nation's toughest financial-privacy and antispam measures
    • expanding the rights of gay domestic partners
    and coming up: requiring businesses with 50 or more employees to provide health insurance or pay into a state pool to purchase the coverage


    ---Lane
    1. Re:Typical by notcreative · · Score: 2, Funny
      • granting illegal immigrants the right to driver's licenses
      • enacting the nation's toughest financial-privacy and antispam measures
      • expanding the rights of gay domestic partners

      Those laws are awful! They might result in the horror of
      • People without documents (who assuredly aren't in the US right now) learning basic road safety and having an incentive to pass the driver's test.
      • Fincancial privacy and less spam.
      • Legal, secular recognition of devoted partnerships that form the basis of families.

      If only a cyborg from the future would come back and fight the future!

  15. New vs. Old by PingXao · · Score: 2, Insightful

    It's the same old story for the pols. They've always regulated and taxed telephone companies, i.e. those who transport sound from one phone to another. This is no different to them. They can't distinguish between completely different types of technology. The Internet is "new", so they have thus far avoided taxing the 'net because they've "never done that before". Nationwide, they even prohibited state sales tax from being collected on purchases over the internet. The politicians really are clueless. Enjoy it while it lasts because once they get a bite of the apple it will be all over and net taxes will be everywhere. Trying to reason with regulators over whether or not VoIP should be taxed and regulated the same way as traditional phone companies is like pissing into the wind.

  16. Re:Why isn't there good peer-to-peer voice over IP by kwerle · · Score: 2, Interesting

    There are various IM clients that do this.

    I use ichat AV.

    Because Apple is a CA company, and they host part of the ichat solution, it will be interesting to me to see how/if this affects them.

  17. Re:i just don't get it by N7DR · · Score: 2, Insightful
    why is regulation necessary?

    It isn't, if you don't mind calls that don't have guaranteed quality, calls that are insecure, calls that may be tapped, no guarantee that you can port your number to another service, no guarantee that a 911 call will go through, no ability for a 911 dispatcher to determine your location, no ability for the operator to break into your call when someone needs to reach urgently, etc., etc., etc.

    While we slashdot-type people can make a reasonable decision as to whether we really want all this stuff (and hence can decide rationally whether to pay for it), is it really likely that the typical consumer is really going to understand that this service is different from a regular landline telephone? After all, with some of these services, he's going to be using the same telephone that he's been using for years -- so he's going to expect it to work the same.

    Yes, I hate regulation too. But if this stuff is going to be marketed as a replacement for regular telephone service, then it had better provide what the typical consumer expectes from his telco. (On the other hand, if it's marketed clearly just as a kind of "don't you dare depend on this for anything; I'm just pretending to be a telephone but I'm not one really" service, then you're right: it shouldn't be regulated.)

  18. Vonage is NOT P2P by justMichael · · Score: 4, Informative

    With Vonage you can call ANY phone number you want, not just some other VoIP phone.

    And you don't get a "handset" you get a Cisco ATA186 that you plug any phone you want into.

    It talks to their servers becasue at some point it has to get injected back into the POTS network as an analog call.

  19. Re:California by Pxtl · · Score: 2

    Umm, actually, its not the taxes, its the debt thats causing the recall. After all, every dittohead I've heard that's screaming for Davis' heart is because he lied about the deficit. Not the taxes.

  20. Triple Bullshit on you by muckdog · · Score: 5, Insightful

    You are already paying tax and regulatory fees for your cable and DSL lines. Why should you have to pay them again for VoIP?

    1. Re:Triple Bullshit on you by zipwow · · Score: 2, Informative

      Even more, why should you have to pay them again to people who don't own the lines?

      If VoIP is the way to go, leave it unregulated, and let the phone companies do it instead of their regular phone service. They can become providers of general connectivity instead of sound in a can.

      What's standing in the way of that? Isn't that a better solution anyway?

      -Zipwow

      --
      I don't know which is more depressing, that 2/3 didn't care enough to vote, or that 1/2 of those that did are crazy.
    2. Re:Triple Bullshit on you by dubiousmike · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I suppose one theory would be that your fees on cable and DSL lines would go down as revenues are recognized from VoIP fees (by and for the government).

      Its just as likely that they will create new infrastructure (buerocracy) to govern VoIP which will give them *some* reason for the new fees. Of course, its easy to justify charging you more than they need to. Then they can do some humanitarian-esqe thing like bring VoIP to farmers and fishermen and guys living under bridges to further provide support for their perpetual existance.

      Instead of griping about it, think of a way you can make it pay off for you. Start your own non-profit that makes use of VoIP.

  21. Cut spending where? by burgburgburg · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Since neither Arrnold nor McClintock are willing to enumerate where they'd cut spending, perhaps you'd like to.

    1. Re:Cut spending where? by NightSpots · · Score: 2, Informative

      Actually, McClintock has said explicitly that he'd roll back all programs to their 1998 levels, which would cut spending by around, oh, a measly 30 billion.

      Arnold has said that he wants an outside audit of all spending, and that anything deemed wasteful would be cut. Right now, for instance, the taxpayers are paying for 44,000 new jobs (created in the last three years), many of which (~15,000) aren't filled because there's no office space. The salaries for these jobs still get paid to the departments (once it's allocated, it's paid), and are basically vanishing... This type of waste (fraud is more accurate) needs to be eliminated.

  22. Re:California by Jhon · · Score: 3, Informative
    ...because he lied about the deficit. Not the taxes.
    Actually, it's because he not ONLY lied about the deficit, he lied that taxes would not need to be raised. Days after he was elected, he said: "Oh... that 4 billion shortfall I was talking about? It's really 30+ billion". Then he trippled car registration (tax). Then he talked about going to the California supreme court to remove the 2/3ds assembly/senate majorities needed to raise/levy taxes. Then he talked about raising the highest income tax bracket to over 11% (which in CA starts at $38k!). Then he talked about raising sales tax...

    Believe me... as a Californian, it's about the taxes and it's about spending money we don't have. If ANYTHING has come out of the recall effort so far, its that the surest way to PISS OFF the voters is to raise taxes to cover spending money we didn't have -- and it stopped most of what Davis and the legislature wanted to do.
  23. Re:Makes sense to me..... by Lord+MJ · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Because VOIP is an APPLICATION, it uses an Application layer protocol. The fact that that protocol allows one to transmit voice over the internet is totally irrelevant. Taxing VOIP would be no different than taxing http.

  24. Re:Not Just California though by Oliver+Wendell+Jones · · Score: 4, Funny

    it's OK when it stops you, but God forbid it ever touch me! Fairly hypocritical.

    Well, duh... Are you new to Slashdot?

    Simple Rules:
    1) If its good for ME then it's good for EVERYBODY
    2) If its bad for ME then its bad for EVERYBODY
    3) If its bad for (MICROSOFT|RIAA|MPAA|SCO) then its good for EVERYBODY
    4) If its bad for LINUX then its bad for EVERYBODY
    5) If it involves Natalie Portman, Beowulf Clusters or Pants Full of Hot Grits then its good for EVERYBODY
    6)If it involves the GOATSE guy its bad for EVERYBODY.

    Did I miss any?

    --
    A computer once beat me at chess, but it was no match for me at kick boxing -- Emo Phillips
  25. As I've said before... by IPFreely · · Score: 4, Insightful
    It's not about carrying voice traffic over TCP/IP, though that is what the name implies. What these VOIP companies are doing is tying their internet operations into local REAL telephone connections. They are using normal, dialable 7/10 digit numbers to identify destinations, and they are crossing traffic over between internet and telephone networks.

    AOL Talk, MS Netmeeting, heck even Battlecom allow you to carry voice over IP. But the difference is you can't dial up you phone number from Battlecom and make your phone ring.

    The VOIP in these cases are companies that tie into real telephone networks. They issue real telephone numbers to their customers. You can use a normal telephone to reach them. That means they are regulatable by the same standards as normal telephone. The regulators own the address space, not just the service standards.

    The easiest way to avoid this regulation and fees is not to tie into the telephone network, don't use the same 7/10 digit address space and don't claim you can call normal telephones. You do that and there's no fees and no regulation.

    --
    There is nothing so silly as other peoples traditions, and nothing so sacred as our own.
    1. Re:As I've said before... by RustyTaco · · Score: 2, Informative

      Ever heard of DID (Direct Inward Dial)? Trunks and phone numbers are in no way connected. It's trivially easy to have unique telephone & FAX number for everybody in a 500 person company(1000 numbers), and still only have two T1s (48 trunks) feeding them. It's really neat stuff. Most VoIP gateways take in T1s directly, and support DID so that they can support all sorts of interesting configurations after they are handed calls from the CO. Vontage might have something spiffier, with higher capacity lines and maybe SS7 signaling instead of T1+DID, but the net effect is the same: They tell the local monopoly exchange to send all call for the numbers Vontage operates to their trunk group.

      - RustyTaco

  26. Re:This is good by bigjnsa500 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Why, then would anybody want to earn a decent living? Would you want to be rich when you know 70-80% of your income is going towards these socialist programs? Why be rich at all?

    --
    This is a test. This is a test of the emergency sig system. This has been only a test.
  27. More complete story on California regulating VoIP by gardel · · Score: 2, Informative

    This story was reported by Voxilla.com a day before CNET got to it. Voxilla's report is much more thorough. You can read it at http://www.voxilla.com/Article25-nested-order0-thr eshold0.phtml.

    --
    Marcelo Rodriguez Editor Voxilla.com http://voxilla.com
  28. double tax by blitziod · · Score: 3, Insightful

    so i have to pay state tax on on my cable/dsl connection THEN pay again to use some of that same bandwidth as a phone line? That is making me pay twice for the same BW and connection.

    --
    The only way to bust a doper--is when you yourself become a smoker!
  29. Re:Wow by notcreative · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Well, speaking as an amazingly naive person who isn't a CA resident, what I've read made it sound like the reason for the CA deficit was a vast reduction in capital gains and income tax revenue brought on by the collapse of the stock bubble and many Silicon Valley companies. Obviously, the concept of a "deficit" comes from spending money, so you can always chase your tail, but the fact that it hit all at once was at root a sharp reduction in income rather than a sharp increase in spending.

    Some businesses are running out of CA. Some businesses are moving in. CA would be the 5th biggest economy in the world if it were a nation. No one can afford to ignore it as a market. It has problems, but it isn't the worst place in the world to do business.

    I don't think that advocating basic health care is "providing everything for ... workers." Regardless of whether you think that the government should provide health care or not, the fact is that the government already provides health care through Medicare, Medicaid, state programs, and laws that require hospitals to treat emergency room patients whether they have insurance or not. CA is trying a solution to a national problem that will not go away, even though this White House Administration would like to. There are 43 million Americans without health insurance of any kind. What is wrong with trying a new solution to the problem?

    As for the other things, they of course all sound nice... but in practice only serve to discourage business and drive away jobs. There's a limit to the amount of whoring out to business that a state can do without penalizing its own citizens. To take your argument to its conclusion, we should have slave labour camps, no minimum wage, and allow unlimited pollution on private property. Most people agree that there should be limits to the amount of exploitation that businesses have. As I mentioned above, right now small businesses are ignoring the health needs of their workers, which is variously burdening the workers themselves, the government sponsered safety nets, and the taxpayers that pay for those programs. I think it is reasonable to expect the free ride to end at some point. This isn't the particular implementation I'd favour, but it might work.

    An elected government has a responsibility to represent the citizens that elected it, of course, and some of the citizens apparently feel that there are good reasons to take care of non-citizens. Speaking of amazingly naive, why do you think those "illegal" immigrants are in this country? Are they simply wintering here as a vacation? They are here because they do jobs that no one else wants to do. You can argue about whether that is a good thing or not, but that is undeniably what is happening. Some citizens, although apparently not you, feel that if people are going to be in this country, they should have to follow the same laws as the rest of us. That means that they should have a license if they are driving. A license also allows some method of allowing them to have bank accounts, which decreases the cash economy, in turn decreasing theft and criminal predation upon this population.

    I like the way you call my post naive and in the same sentence claim to know the "reason" behind a bill in the state legislature. Legislation rarely has a single reason. Often it is a compromise. If a majority is required to pass it, and that majority is composed of people with differing agenda, then the odds are that they have different reasons for voting that way.

    The most important point is that there has to be some limit on business, and that the limits CA imposes are reasonable if unpalatable to some conservatives. My favorite Bush argument is that the economy would be "a lot worse" if he hadn't been shilling for big companies and the upper class for the last three years. How would it be worse? Would we be standing in line at soup kitchens? Would we be building new dams? Eating each other and cooking our pets to stay warm? With his argument, he can do anything at all and claim that it could have been worse. No shizit, it could have. My question is: why isn't our economy better yet?