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Lunar Polar Ice Not Present

pclark999 writes "The New Scientist reports that radar probes of the lunar polar region has disproved earlier theories regarding large sheets of polar ice in craters permanently in the shade. "

45 of 339 comments (clear)

  1. No ice on the moon??? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    Can we put Vanilla Ice there?

    1. Re:No ice on the moon??? by Tackhead · · Score: 2, Funny
      > Can we put Vanilla Ice there?

      "...at best, a cubic kilometre of lunar soil would have to be processed to extract just a cubic metre of water..."

      As long as we distribute him like that, I'm all for it.

  2. Time for plan B by tekiegreg · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Granted there is no water on the moon, we'll have to bring it there ourselves I guess, presumably we're either importing from Earth, or how about nudging a comet towards the moon once the technology is feasible? As long as your aim is good (for the love of god don't miss and hit Earth), we could have a large supply of water available for long term moon usage indefinitely (when we run out, just nudge another comet, but control the landing of the comet if there's already people there).

    --
    ...in bed
    1. Re:Time for plan B by grub · · Score: 2, Insightful


      It's expensive to send water to the moon. Also Earth is pretty much a sealed ecosystem (although we get tonnes of stuff from space every day) so every time we send water to the moon we've removed it from the Earth for good. It's not like the christian myth of Noah and the flood where water can come and go at the whim of a deity.

      --
      Trolling is a art,
    2. Re:Time for plan B by HarveyBirdman · · Score: 5, Informative
      Also Earth is pretty much a sealed ecosystem

      Say WHAT?

      (although we get tonnes of stuff from space every day)...

      Yeah, like, uh, sunlight?

      You know... that bright stuff without which 99.9% of this ecosystem could not exist?

      --
      --- Ban humanity.
    3. Re:Time for plan B by HarveyBirdman · · Score: 2
      I know. I was refuting the idea that the ecosystem is a *closed* system becuase it's driven by sunlight, which comes from an external source.

      I mean, it's even what gives Superman his powers. :-)

      And Ironman.

      And Birdman. :-D

      Now we could work hard to adapt all life on Earth to be able to live off the heat and minerals from deep sea volcanic vents, but you wouldn't like the night life.

      --
      --- Ban humanity.
    4. Re:Time for plan B by chamenos · · Score: 2, Insightful

      even if the flood did occur and there was a guy named noah who built the ark, it still doesn't prove a god exists. the bible might have accurate depictions of real life events, but it cannot prove the existence of a god. many christians frequently try to prove the existence of their god by pointing to evidence of that events described in the bible did actually happen, but they fail to see the logical fallacy in their flawed arguments.

    5. Re:Time for plan B by rat7307 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Water is simply Hydrogen

      Don't forget the Oxygen part of the H20 equation... Thats the bit that makes creating it in remote places a tad trickier..

      CR

      --
      Burma?
    6. Re:Time for plan B by pyr0 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      "As the nice yellow "enemy" icon informs me. I happily made you a friend just for the hell of it. :-)"

      Damn, and I've been trying so hard to get someone on my freaks list. What can you do though :P

      "How do you know that they believed the world was flat? The Bible certainly doesn't state it. The "flat" world model was an invention of the middle ages. Many things had to be rediscovered due to the impact that the fall of Rome had on science and philosophy. Before that, the Egyptians were building pyramids, the Greeks were figuring out how to use a lever on the earth, and the Romans were building aqueducts and computational devices."

      Regardless of who was building what, the people of that time still had nowhere near the concept of time, space, physics that we do now. Thus, any interpretations of the world using the technology of the time were constrained to what they did know. When something couldn't be explained rationally, it "must have been the gods" doing it. Hell, the motivation behind the Egyptions building those pyramids was so their dead kings could properly transition to their version of the afterlife.

      > You say the big bang theory is completely random "Eh? I did? Where?"

      I went back and looked. I admit I think I looked at so many posts and replies in this whole flamewar thread that I think I mixed that up with you. However you *did* say that evolution is a random theory. I could just as easily have plugged the world "evolution" in for "big bang" and my statement would not lose any of it's meaning.

      "I agree. Do you know how to interpret them correctly? I'm glad you do, because there are a LOT of geologists fighting over that very point."

      So what is your expertise that you can make this statment? I happen to be a geologist actually. Of course, there is always debate of how to interpret rocks. However that interpretation is always constrained within bounds of rational thought. Ideas like "God snapped fingers and *POOF* these creatures appeared" and "a catastrophic flood created all the Earth's sedimentary rocks" are just ludicrous. The arguments between geologists you speak of typically are something like this: "Hey, a fluid passed through these rocks during the Carboniferous, forming some ore." "No, you're wrong...the ore formed at the same time as those rocks 50 million years earlier." Each geologist typically has very sound scientific reasoning for thinking what they do. Perhaps you should read the link in my sig. It pertains typically to the evolution vs. creation argument, but the statement is valid for *any* related theory in "crisis" as the fundie Christians want everyone to believe.

      "I have not and will not state that the Earth is 6000 years old. However, if we interpret the Genesis account correctly, human beings are probably about that age."

      You see, that's the problem right there! Supporting an idea using unverifiable data. Ever heard the phrase "I read it on the internet so it must be true!"? Do those people annoy you as much as they do me? Substitute bible for internet in that statement, and it's the same. And don't even pay attention to the hominid fossil record that has been dated using scientifically sound and peer reviewed techniques? I suppose I can't even make that argument though, seeing as evolution doesn't occur, right? Therefore it doesn't matter how old our ancestors are?

      "Good question. I'm game if you're ready to act rationally."

      I'm always ready to act rationally. My question is, does taking the words of a 2000 year old book as literal truth qualify as rational thought?

  3. Shoot. by grub · · Score: 5, Funny


    That means no brewery on the moon. So much for my dreams of being a drunken astronaut.

    --
    Trolling is a art,
    1. Re:Shoot. by SirLantos · · Score: 5, Funny

      You could always join the Russian space program.

      --
      The flying hamster of DOOM rains coconuts on your pitiful city.
  4. Out of ice by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    Right, no ice for beer on the moon, everyone off to mars...

  5. Dammit! by HiQ · · Score: 2, Funny

    I owned that ice! Who took it????

  6. No polar ice on Earth, either, by Tex+Bravado · · Score: 4, Funny

    before long :-)

  7. An outrage! by DarkHand · · Score: 4, Funny

    This means that my great grand childrens' lunar snow cones bought at LunarDisney(tm) will cost 10 times as much! We shouldn't stand for this highway robbery!

  8. This guy is everywhere! by fitten · · Score: 4, Funny

    Team leader Bruce Campbell

    Did he vanquish the Mooninites, too?

  9. Re:Make up your minds... by jgabby · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Skiing on the moon would be no fun at all....no wind blowing in your face, a very slow speed...perhaps the only enjoyable thing would be ski jumps with REALLY long slopes to build up speed, then jump over a canyon or something.

  10. Aw, crap by Saint+Aardvark · · Score: 3, Funny

    Now I'll never be able to unload www.luxury-moon-ice-cubes.com.

  11. Little Off Topic by pvt_medic · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I was just surfing the web and came across this Nova article about one of the possible theories over the creation of the moon. Its says that the moon is a result of a asteroid crashing into the earth and was formed by the pieces that were blasted off the earth. Here is a video animation they have on it.

    --
    30% Troll, 50% Underrated, 10% Interesting
    Score:5, Troll
    1. Re:Little Off Topic by Daniel+Dvorkin · · Score: 2, Interesting

      If you have a ramscoop capable of collecting any significant amount of hydrogen in deep space, that means you have propulsion technology that zips you around so fast that going to and from the Moon is child's play. We're talking about a significant fraction of c -- at such speeds, travel time between Earth and the Moon is measured in minutes. And honestly, though I'd love to be proven wrong, I don't expect to see such a thing any time soon.

      I like the idea of scooping up chunks of Earth's upper atmosphere and taking it to the Moon, though. You still need an engine that's orders of magnitude more powerful and efficient than anything we have now, but something like that might at least be within reach.

      --
      The correlation between ignorance of statistics and using "correlation is not causation" as an argument is close to 1.
    2. Re:Little Off Topic by AB3A · · Score: 2, Insightful

      How about never seeing such a thing. Couple of points:

      First, RamScoop practicality has been debated extensively. Many physicists who examine the problem and the energy expeditures have pointed out that given even an extremely small inefficiency, it would make a damned good brake instead of a propulsion system.

      Second, if you're going anything like significant fractions of c you'd whiz right past the earth's and moon's orbits. Here's a sanity check: Low earth orbital speeds are about 2.5E-5 c.

      Since you are a self described writer of science fiction, I shouldn't have to remind you about the importance of using reasonably realistic science...

      --
      Nearly fifty percent of all graduates come from the bottom half of the class!
  12. reliability of conclusion by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    (a) similar studies done from *lunar orbit* favor the existence of ice. why is an earth-based study more accurate?
    (b) the article states that only 20% of the permanently-shadowed surface was tested from arecibo. so why the unilateral conclusion?

  13. Well, more accurately by Space+cowboy · · Score: 4, Interesting

    it said there was no sheets of ice at the poles. There could still be grains. The previous survey showed a lot of hydrogen up there, and the best guess for how you get lots of hydrogen to stick around is as ice.

    Not sure why you couldn't have methane mind...

    Simon.

    --
    Physicists get Hadrons!
    1. Re:Well, more accurately by vslashg · · Score: 4, Funny

      Not sure why you couldn't have methane mind...

      Because every time you got a good idea, you'd be distracted and say "That smell again! What's that smell?"

    2. Re:Well, more accurately by phayes · · Score: 2, Informative

      Nobody seriously believed that there would be sheets of ice at the lunar poles anyway. When Clementine confirmed the presence of hydrogen at the lunar poles the most commonly accepted source was as hydrates in the lunar regolith.

      There are only sources for the hydrogen according to recent theory:
      - Cometary impacts
      - Cold trapping of the solar wind (this paper details just this scenario: http://fti.neep.wisc.edu/FTI/POSTERS/hhs_space2000 .pdf)

      Cometary impacts were always a looong shot.

      A side note to those who have been saying "Hydrogen is light, we'll just transport some from the earth to the moon".
      - Hydrogen is only RELATIVELY light compared to Earths atmosphere.
      - Tanks that can contain large amounts of hydrogen at 0atm are HEAVY.
      - We need TONS of hydrogen in order to expand our presence in space.
      - Every Kilo of Hydrogen+Tankage that you bring with you from Earth is a kilo that cannot be used for other essentials that we cannot find/make in space. Thinks like food, tools, fuel, etc.
      - The two major uses of lunar hydrogen would be water (for drinking, bathing, cleaning, etc) & as rocket fuel.

      Pat

      --
      Democracy is a sheep and two wolves deciding what to have for lunch. Freedom is a well armed sheep contesting the issue
  14. Not necessarily... by Zocalo · · Score: 5, Informative
    The BBC News site has been carrying a summary of a Nature article on this since yesterday. The telling quote is "The observations, from the Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico, do not rule out ice". The conclusion seems to have been that the ice might still be present, but rather than being thick sheets can only be in small grains or thin sheets. There is also the possiblity of sub-surface ice since the probes can only reach to a depth of several meters into the surface dust.

    Roll on the ESA's Smart 1 probe next year which will hopefully resolve the issue.

    --
    UNIX? They're not even circumcised! Savages!
  15. Dude! by Bendebecker · · Score: 2, Funny

    Where's my ice?

    --
    There's a growing sense that even if The Future comes,
    most of us won't be able to afford it.
    -- Lemmy
  16. Actually, you are dead wrong. by mindstrm · · Score: 4, Insightful

    There are areas in the polar region where the bottoms of craters are in eternal shade, and that is precisely what these studies are talking about.

    And when we say "The dark side of the moon".. we are referring to either a Pink Floyd album, or the side of the moon that is currently in darkness.. so the dark side of the moon is indeed always dark.. just like the dark side of the earth.

  17. Re:No such thing as permanent shade by HarveyBirdman · · Score: 5, Informative
    This is a common misunderstanding of the moon. No place on the moon is ever permanently in the shade (excepting something like a cave of course). This comes from the mishandled use of the phrase "dark side of the moon".

    This is a common misunderstanding of what is meant by permanent shading on the moon. Note the phrase "polar ice" is key here.

    In the polar regions, the sun is very low in the sky and there are places in deep craters where the sunlight, at any point in the Lunar day, never reaches.

    It's the same as on the Earth. The bottom of a deep canyon near the south pole would never receive direct sunlight. The sun never moves above a certain altitude in the sky. Heck, the tilt of the Earth's axis give the poles permanent night (well, twilight) for six months. Not sure what the Moon's tilt is offhand, but that's a side issue.

    --
    --- Ban humanity.
  18. Re:No such thing as permanent shade by TopShelf · · Score: 2, Informative

    You missed the "craters" part. They were working with deep craters, the bottoms of which don't get light due to the steep walls. As you get closer to the pole, the sun sits lower and lower in the southern sky, even when it's "high" noon.

    --
    Stop by my site where I write about ERP systems & more
  19. Well maybe it WAS there... by iworm · · Score: 4, Funny

    Let's get this clear: they used a really really really really powerful radar, and then found that the ice "wasn't there". Uh huh. But now the moon does have strange clouds of water vapour... Whoops.

  20. Polar ice isn't the only myth here... by goldspider · · Score: 3, Funny

    It amazes me that so many allegedly "educated" people have fallen so quickly and so hard for a fraudulent fabrication of such laughable proportions. The very idea that a gigantic ball of rock happens to orbit our planet, showing itself in neat, four-week cycles -- with the same side facing us all the time -- is ludicrous. Furthermore, it is an insult to common sense and a damnable affront to intellectual honesty and integrity. That people actually believe it is evidence that the liberals have wrested the last vestiges of control of our public school system from decent, God-fearing Americans (as if any further evidence was needed! Daddy's Roommate? God Almighty!)

    Documentaries such as Enemy of the State have accurately portrayed the elaborate, byzantine network of surveillance satellites that the liberals have sent into space to spy on law-abiding Americans. Equipped with technology developed by Handgun Control, Inc., these satellites have the ability to detect firearms from hundreds of kilometers up. That's right, neighbors .. the next time you're out in the backyard exercising your Second Amendment rights, the liberals will see it! These satellites are sensitive enough to tell the difference between a Colt .45 and a .38 Special! And when they detect you with a firearm, their computers cross-reference the address to figure out your name, and then an enormous database housed at Berkeley is updated with information about you.

    Of course, this all works fine during the day, but what about at night? Even the liberals can't control the rotation of the Earth to prevent nightfall from setting in (only Joshua was able to ask for that particular favor!) That's where the "moon" comes in. Powered by nuclear reactors, the "moon" is nothing more than an enormous balloon, emitting trillions of candlepower of gun-revealing light. Piloted by key members of the liberal community, the "moon" is strategically moved across the country, pointing out those who dare to make use of their God-given rights at night!

    Yes, I know this probably sounds paranoid and preposterous, but consider this. Despite what the revisionist historians tell you, there is no mention of the "moon" anywhere in literature or historical documents -- anywhere -- before 1950. That is when it was initially launched. When President Josef Kennedy, at the State of the Union address, proclaimed "We choose to go to the moon", he may as well have said "We choose to go to the weather balloon." The subsequent faking of a "moon" landing on national TV was the first step in a long history of the erosion of our constitutional rights by leftists in this country. No longer can we hide from our government when the sun goes down.

    --
    "Ask not what your country can do for you." --John F. Kennedy
  21. Re:No such thing as permanent shade by jap · · Score: 3, Informative
    No place on the moon is ever permanently in the shade

    Unfortunately for you, there is such a place. Maybe even more of them, dunno, I left my lunar map in my spacecraft, and I'm not in the mood to fetch it.

    The place is called the Shackleton crater - which is a crater at the Lunar South Pole. Because of it location, the bottom of that crater is expected not to be exposed to sunlight ever.

    As a coincidence, this is exactly the place where the Clementine mission observed radiation patterns indicating hydrogen presence - and which the referenced article also discusses.

  22. Theories can be wrong, observations can be too by Bendebecker · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Dude, that is why they are called theories, not laws. They only think that is what is happening or what has occured based on the best evidence. Science is full of theories that have been discounted. That is in fact one of the main goals of science. You come up with a hypothesis based on your theory, and see if the evidence supprts it. If it does, you have more evidence to support your theory. If it doesn't, then you hav more evidence which you can use to make a better theory. The big bang theory is a theory which not only was supported by the evidence at teh time of its inception but has since been corraborated by dozens and dozens of more evidence that it occured. Evolution has so much evidence going for it that most don't even consider it a theory. There are massive amounts of observations where evolution is the only explanation that makes any real sense. Take a class in psychology on Sensation and Perception if you don't believe me.

    As to Lunar ice, science does not rely on single observations alone but must have duplicatable results. In other words, just becuase one person notices ice on the moon and forms a theory that it exists at the bottom of these craters does not mean that that is the case. Those observations have to be supported by doing multiple observations. In this case, those multiple observations shwed that lunar ice did not exist and that the theory for it was incorrect. We have now have even more evidence from which we can form an even better understanding of the moon. This is the way science works. If no theory ever got discounted, we would never get anywhere.

    --
    There's a growing sense that even if The Future comes,
    most of us won't be able to afford it.
    -- Lemmy
  23. Hydrogen is more important than water by G4from128k · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Although finding water would be nice, the real issue is finding a long-term source of hydrogen on the moon. The moon offers plenty of long-term sources of oxygen as a byproduct of processing moon rocks. But hydrogen may be scarer, unless there really is a concentration of either water or hydrated rock at the poles. Without hydrogen, life gets much harder. Perhaps the moon really is a harsh mistress.

    --
    Two wrongs don't make a right, but three lefts do.
  24. Well sweet goddamn. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    What are you doing here on slashdot? Better get yourself down there and edumicate some so-called scientists. Shit, if they were so daft to overlook this simple "fact", they don't deserve to call themselves scientists.

    1. Re:Well sweet goddamn. by Daniel+Dvorkin · · Score: 4, Insightful
      What are you doing here on slashdot? Better get yourself down there and edumicate some so-called scientists. Shit, if they were so daft to overlook this simple "fact", they don't deserve to call themselves scientists.


      Thank you. It's too bad you posted as an AC, because your post deserves wider exposure than it's probably going to get. My kingdom for some mod points!

      It seems like every story about any scientific controversy on /. brings out a bunch of trolls -- who don't even realize they're trolls -- who feel compelled to roll out some half-remembered fact from 8th-grade science class to "prove" that what these scientists are doing is clearly ridiculous and doomed to failure. Um ... guess what, guys, the people working on the project in question already thought of your objection a looong time ago. For whatever reason, they've dismissed that objection -- and you can be sure that they had good reasons for doing so.

      And even that lends too much credence to objections like the grandparent poster's. Saying, "there's no ice on the moon because it would have evaporated a long time ago" to a planetary scientist studying the possibility of lunar ice is roughly akin to someone with an elementary-school grasp of mathematics saying, "there's no such thing as the square root of a negative number, so what's with all these idiot mathematicians talking about i ?"
      --
      The correlation between ignorance of statistics and using "correlation is not causation" as an argument is close to 1.
  25. Re:Christian "myth"?!?!? by trick-knee · · Score: 2, Interesting

    please note that there is no mention of truth or falsity in Merriam-Webster's entry for "myth", except in a secondary denotation.

    entries 2b and 3 would seem to be the only ones that should be cause for offense. however entry 1a works just fine in the curent context, unless you want to object to "ostensibly".

  26. Re:Disproved?? by Bendebecker · · Score: 3, Informative

    A theory is an explanation of a particular phenonmen often based on supporting evidence. A hypothesis is a conclusion derived from an understanding of the theory that is often the focus of the experiment. The hypothesis is tested, and depending on its results, a theory is either disporving or it is supported by the hypothesis. It is nearly impossible to prove a theory.

    --
    There's a growing sense that even if The Future comes,
    most of us won't be able to afford it.
    -- Lemmy
  27. Not complete refutation by amightywind · · Score: 3, Interesting

    The radar astronomers admit that they were not able to probe Shackleton crater where Clementine got it positive reading. In any event, I doubt we are talking about much more than frost in the regolith. This is bad news for those who prattle on about stipmining the lunar south pole in order to manufacture rocket fuel.

    --
    an ill wind that blows no good
  28. Wrong by JahToasted · · Score: 3, Funny

    The Russian space programme is a very professional organisation, and I know for a FACT that there absolutely no drunken astronauts there. For shame! They are drunken cosmonauts, not astronauts.

  29. Re:No such thing as permanent shade by ccpoodle · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Permanent shade is about as common on the Moon as on Earth, as all parts of the moon get sun light on a different schedual, but about the same average as Earth. Permanent shade is rare small areas, and lasts a few million years as the geographic poles of both bodies move over the long term. In my opinion polar ice on the moon, even in permanent shade would be gone in a million years, likely much less, because of energetic ions and photons from beyond our solar system. Most of the Earth-shine photons are not energetic enough to decompose ice at minus 250 degrees f and more than half of the permanently shaded areas from the Sun would also be permanetly shaded from Earth-shine. Neil Please minimise the funny comments.

  30. Shadows by Autonomous+Crowhard · · Score: 3, Interesting
    I read this and I have a question... How can they be using Arecibo to detect into the bottoms of those craters? Given Arecibo's location (18.3) and Luna's orbital inclination (5 degrees) and the fact that they are looking at Luna's poles then the angle of incedence would be pretty low (4.13 degrees) for the south pole. From the article it sounds like they are only checking the sides of the craters and not the bottom. Not sure what good that does.

    Also, so what if it takes a lot of processing to get the water out of the soil. It's not like you don't have a great source of energy just over the crater wall.

  31. Moral of the story: YOU can be wrong by Goldenhawk · · Score: 2, Insightful

    This is probably a troll, but the parent got modded up, so I hope this could be considered part of the discussion here. I've tried to discuss this WITHOUT any hint of personal belief, so it can be absorbed by both sides of this issue.

    Please note that science frequently requires as much faith as religion does.

    You make a large number of statements that you posit as "fact" without any backing behind them. For example, evolution is NOT practically common sense. Quite the contrary, there are many SCIENTISTS (not religious nuts) who have serious problems with fitting Darwin's theories with observed facts. For example, the idea that DNA could self-organize from bare chemicals is difficult to support, when there are ZERO examples of lower-level compounds that appear to be precursors of DNA; this casts a certain pall on the entire concept of life-as-we-know-it-evolving-from-primoridal-goop. Many people I know actually believe in some middle-ground - like God-directed evolution, where God somehow sparked things off and put certain structures in place.

    One problem many scientists willingly admit is that there are few rigorous examples of "macro-evolution" - huge-scale evolution between species. There are numerous examples of microevolution such as moths changing color in sooty areas of England, etc. But the fossil record, often used to "prove" evolution, contains HUGE gaps that cannot be explained (at this point). If you look at a realistic evolutionary species tree, you'll see lots of question marks and dashed or dotted lines. Granted, these may be simply a lack of having found the right fossil yet - but then again, whichever way you see THAT is a matter of faith, isn't it?

    Much of the things you propose are myth or symbolic imply a disbelief in any deity. Be honest - that sort of invalidates you as capable of accurately evaluating a theological work from a theological perspective. To narrow that statement down, if you DO believe in God, it's not a far stretch to believe that God (by definition all-powerful) is easily capable of using natural phenomenon such as lightning or flood or earthquake or supernova to do his work. If he exists, and is all-powerful, and decided to create enough water to cover the earth, why not? The only reason it seems impossible to you is because you START from the viewpoint that there is no deity. That's a logical fallacy.

    One interesting quandry for a scientific-thinking believer in God is "what did God choose to create?" Many creationists belive God created the fossil record, intact. Some believe that the record was created during Noah's flood. But you can also find people, quite intelligent people, who think that God chooses to use geology, cosmology, evolution etc. as tools to shape the world as we know it. Why not, after all? Why should any rational person try to limit a deity to a particular method of creation (such as the "ex nihilo", or instantaneous out-of-nothing creation)? (BTW, many Christian fundamentalists believe that if you don't believe in a literal King-James-Version interpretation of the Bible's story of a six-day creation, you throw away Truth as a concept. But others see more wiggle-room in the Genesis account - arguing that the original-language word for "day" actually is better translated "time", implying an epoch instead.)

    As to the Big Bang, again, we have no comprehension whatsoever (scientifically) about why such an event would ever happen. Can you PROVE that such an event wasn't sparked by a deity? I don't believe so, any more than a deist could PROVE it was. So you operate on a certain level of faith, while the deist operates on a similar level - just in a different deity.

    For these, and many more reasons, I find it foolish to make absolute statements about cause-and-effect of the universe in a public forum. We simply don't know enough, either way.

    --
    --Brandon / Split Infinity Music

    1. Re:Moral of the story: YOU can be wrong by Pig+Hogger · · Score: 2, Insightful
      Please note that science frequently requires as much faith as religion does.
      Absolutely not. Science is understandable to anyone willing to understand the mathematics required to prove it.

      Religion, on the other hand, cannot be proven by mathematics at all...