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Mandrakelinux 10.0 Community is Available

joestar writes "The new 'Mandrake Linux 10.0 Community' release has just been announced. It provides many new features including Linux 2.6.3, MagicDev, KDE 3.2, GNOME 2.4, a new Mandrakeonline service and others. Download ISOs are available through torrent for Club Members and 10.0 developers. A 10.0 DVD is also available at MandrakeStore. This a first step for this new exciting Mandrake, because in May, an Official version will appear, and both versions will officially be supported. Happy downloads!"

47 of 348 comments (clear)

  1. I wonder by Pingular · · Score: 3, Funny

    Is this 10.0 release more important than the 9.0 release? As 1.0 releases are always more important than 0.9 releases. Hope you can follow my train of thought :)

    --

    When anger rises, think of the consequences.
    Confucius (551 BC - 479 BC)
  2. Namechange? by dmp123 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    What happened about the namechange?

    We had an article on /. a while back saying that MDKsoft had to change their name due to some French wizard cartoon or similar (I didn't RTFA, of course ;)!

    Is this now resolved?

    David

    1. Re:Namechange? by krammit · · Score: 5, Informative

      They appealed the decision and, through the magic of the court system, the final decision on a name change is years away.

      --
      "Watch your cornhole, bud."
    2. Re:Namechange? by joestar · · Score: 4, Insightful

      If you look at all the 10.0 press releases and features page, you'll see that they slightly changed the wording: "Mandrake Linux" is now written "Mandrakelinux", "MandrakeStore" is written "Mandrakestore" and so on...

    3. Re:Namechange? by aled · · Score: 4, Funny

      They are planning to release an USA only distribution named Freedom Drake...

      --

      "I think this line is mostly filler"
  3. I agree 100% by krog · · Score: 5, Funny

    Ideally we'd have one CD with NetBSD on it, and a guard with an AK-47 present to make sure the user didn't do anything stupid.

    The distro I describe is most closely matched in the Linux world by Slackware.

  4. First major distro with 2.6 kernel release by oldosadmin · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I've never used Mandrake, but I am very happy to see a major distribution pick up the 2.6 kernel for regular usage.

    Here's my question: Are 2.6 kernel changes going to affect "Joe User"?

    --
    Jay | http://oldos.org
    1. Re:First major distro with 2.6 kernel release by cbozic · · Score: 5, Informative

      The 2.6 Kernel comes with the alsa sound system built in. If you had to install alsa seprately before, this will be a welcome change.

    2. Re:First major distro with 2.6 kernel release by Shados · · Score: 5, Informative

      Considering the change to the scheduler to make everything seem snappier, the increased ammount of drivers for newer hardware, all the performance enhancement... Even my mom would be able to tell the difference between 2.4 and 2.6 on day to day usage. Its just that good.

    3. Re:First major distro with 2.6 kernel release by skiflyer · · Score: 3, Interesting

      This comment comes from a linux intermediate, but from what I've seen so far, it's helping out quite a bit for those with laptops.

    4. Re:First major distro with 2.6 kernel release by Pope+Raymond+Lama · · Score: 4, Informative

      This however won't affect Mandrake users, since ALSA has been the default sound system for years under Mandrake.

      But the previous releases had some issues with devfs (also default), and it seens that it has changed to "udev" on kernel 2.6. I hope the issues are over.

      --
      -><- no .sig is good sig.
    5. Re:First major distro with 2.6 kernel release by puddpunk · · Score: 3, Informative

      2.4: Compiling, listening to Ogg's and burning a CD.
      Result: Skipping music and a coastered CD.

      2.6: Compiling, listening to Oggs and burning a CD.
      Result: burning works better than with ide-scsi emulation, music is smooth and skip-free. Compiling is a little bit slower, but hey, I use Gentoo I can wait.

  5. Re:Too many linux distros by Pingular · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Call me a troll, but I think it would really help the OSS community if we focused our efforts on one or two distros, not 10 or 20.
    There aren't 10 or 20 distros, there are hundreds, perhaps thousands, and the reason there's so many is because different people want different things, for example Debian is better at running webservers on than Mandrake. If the two distros were spliced together, the package would be much bigger, and most people would only use half of it anyway.

    --

    When anger rises, think of the consequences.
    Confucius (551 BC - 479 BC)
  6. Re:The All New Mandrake 10! by Trolling4Columbine · · Score: 3, Insightful
    "Seriously, does anyone even use Mandrake anymore?"

    I will; Mandrake 10.0 is the only distro that I know of that has 2.6 support right out of the box.

    --
    Socialism: A feeling of discontent and resentment caused by a desire for the possessions or qualities of another.
  7. That's what UserLinux is for by Burz · · Score: 4, Interesting

    To ensure a minimum level of functionality and consistency between distributions.

    I have long thought that Linux needed an analog to Microsoft's once very-useful MultiMedia PC standard.

  8. Not the first with 2.6... by carl67lp · · Score: 4, Informative

    Gentoo beat Mandrake by a few days, with its 2004.0 release. And yes, I consider this a "major" distribution, folks. It's got some of the best documentation around, too.

    1. Re:Not the first with 2.6... by oldosadmin · · Score: 5, Funny

      Yeah, but it's not done compiling by now, so it doesn't count.

      *rimshot*

      --
      Jay | http://oldos.org
  9. When are non-member ISO's.... by DeionXxX · · Score: 3, Interesting

    going to be made available? 1 week? 2 weeks?

    -- D3X

    NeoX3.com: The One Site for Free Adult Entertainment

    1. Re:When are non-member ISO's.... by imr · · Score: 4, Funny

      9.2 was available around 2 weeks (it felt even more) after the club release. I know, my club contribution had stopped a little bit ealier and my bank really didnt want me to even feed myself at that time.
      Starving and not being able to download your distro, that's really hard times. It could have been worse tho', I could have been on windows.

  10. Re:Too many linux distros by Abcd1234 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Why? The various distros exist because different people have different needs and different ideas about the way things work. If all those people tried to focus on one or two distros, all they'd do is disagree, meaning no progress would be made, and they'd probably just end up forking.

    Another way to look at it is from a project management standpoint: adding new bodies to a project does not mean the project will progress faster or improve. In fact, more bodies can actually *decrease* productivity. So, "focusing" all that effort into just one or two projects may not be an effective way to make use of resources.

    Lastly, don't forget, competition is a key to innovation. Having various distros competing for market share means they'll compete, and cooperate, meaing a better result for everyone. How can this be bad?

  11. Re:Too many linux distros by dylan_- · · Score: 5, Funny

    Excellent idea. I presume I get to choose which two, so I'll go for Gentoo and Mandrake. Shall I tell Redhat they've got to close down, or will you?

    --
    Igor Presnyakov stole my hat
  12. This is a strength! by oldosadmin · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Having many distros is a -strength- of linux, not a hinderance.

    We don't need less distros, we need some idea of continuity between them using standards, such as:
    -Standard packaging system (no more .rpm, .deb. .tgz... just one type)
    -Standard directory structure

    There are some others, but these are the major two. More distros = good, but lets try to package them all similarly, please!

    --
    Jay | http://oldos.org
  13. Noteworthy.... by dubdays · · Score: 5, Informative

    One of the best things about the new Mandrake (to me, anyway) is that it's the first fully supported FREE distro that has Samba 3 built into it. In the past, Samba 3 was available for Mandrake, but support for it was flaky. Sure, you could fork out $1000 or more for Red Hat Enterprise, but why? Even SuSE 9.0 had Samba 2.2.x in it. While I'm sure there are things that need to be refined and will be fixed in the "Official" version, it's a great way for us Windows converts to get our feet wet with the new Samba, instead of learning the old way and having to change our approach with the major overhaul in version 3.

    Just my 2 cents....

    1. Re:Noteworthy.... by gregarican · · Score: 4, Interesting

      What I do is check out Linux software books from my public library. They typically include CD's with full distributions on them. That's how I got Red Hat 8.0. Beats paying for supposedly free software or having to watch hundreds of megs crawl across the wire...

    2. Re:Noteworthy.... by buchanmilne · · Score: 5, Informative

      In the past, Samba 3 was available for Mandrake, but support for it was flaky.

      As maintainer for Mandrake's samba packages, I take exception to that, considering 9.2 had samba-3.0.0 (granted, 3.0.0 had some isses) available in contrib, and parallel-installable, compiled against MIT kerberos-1.3.x, with mostly integrated smbldap-tools etc etc etc.

      Anyway, packages that are 99% like those in 10.0 are also available on the samba mirrors, like:
      http://www.samba.org/samba/ftp/Binary_Packa ges/Man drake/RPMS/9.2/
      http://www.samba.org/samba/ftp/Bi nary_Packages/Man drake/RPMS/9.1/

      Note, they are also compiled to install in parallel so as not to mess up installations for people who might use the urpmi media for 2.2.8a packages and by accident get 3.0.x ...

      Anyway, you can install via urpmi (if you have 9.1/9.2 boxen):

      # urpmi.addmedia samba-9.2 \
      http://www.samba.org/samba/ftp/Binary_Packages/ Man drake/RPMS/9.2/ with hdlist-ldap.cz
      # urpmi samba3-server samba3-winbind


      Hopefully I will get around to follow-ups of some documentation I did for samba-2.2.x which I think helped bring some cool features to Mandrake users.

      Finally, there are also some nice additions (IMHO) to openldap (but one or two minor bugs that need to be fixed still ...). Makes the whole LDAP+Samba PDC and/or NT domain migration almost painless ...

      BTW, this post seems to insist on putting a space between the n and d in Mandrake in the URLs ... remove it if it makes it to the page ...

  14. Re:Too many linux distros by sisukapalli1 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I think it does help having multiple distros (at least more than one or two). The reasons are that some distros are conservative (e.g. Redhat does not have ntfs enabled by default, has its own bluecurve, and does not have media player related stuff -- out of these, the ntfs is a biggie for dual boot systems). Likewise, some distros have more support for bleeding edge devices (e.g. SATA support on Mandrake 9.2 RC was available but not on Fedora beta). I will also state the obvious example of Redhat/Fedora stuff.

    Where can we draw the line? In my opinion 100/1000 distros is unimaginable. 10 is not that bad a number.

    S

  15. Re:Too many linux distros by HunkaHunkaBurninLove · · Score: 5, Funny

    Let's let the free market determine if there are too many distributions. If we only need a few, Mandrake would be one of them anyway.

    On the other hand, the UN should step in and limit the number of options when buying toothpaste. That decision has become mindboggling.

  16. Which version of KDE 3.2? by dzym · · Score: 3, Interesting
    Is it 3.2.0? Because the KDE devs basically told all packagers that it was buggy shit and "don't use it" and to instead wait for 3.2.1, which was released to distro packagers only a few days ago.

    Seems awfully fast for Mandrake to have already included the 3.2.1 fixes (multimegabyte).

    This is one of the reasons I like Debian, even if I have to wait longer for some (major) things than bloody edged distros like Gentoo.

    1. Re:Which version of KDE 3.2? by joestar · · Score: 3, Funny

      It's 3.2.0 but according to the changelog, they applied many patches.

      >This is one of the reasons I like Debian, even if I
      >have to wait longer for some (major) things than >bloody edged distros like Gentoo.

      Wait for Mandrakelinux 10.0 Official... it will be 100% bug free...

    2. Re:Which version of KDE 3.2? by Yi+Ding · · Score: 3, Funny

      Wait for Mandrakelinux 10.0 Official... it will be 100% bug free...

      Right... I guess the bugs that are fixed after 10.0 is released will make it 150% bug free then.

  17. You KNOW you wanna call it Mandrake X. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

    Because you know you do.

  18. Re:Too many linux distros by joestar · · Score: 4, Informative

    Mandrake is a leading distribution. Just look at http://www.distrowatch.com/ and look at the page hit ranking.

  19. My experience with Mandrake by Muda69 · · Score: 3, Funny

    About two weeks ago I decided to try and install Linux on my old K6-2 450mhz machine gathering dust in the basement. A friend of mine gave me a few cd's that had something called 'Mandrake' on it.

    He said "This is supposed to be the most user-friendly 'distro' out there. Give it a try."

    So with trepidation about wiping out my beloved win98se install on the old machine, I jumped right in.

    On firing up the install disk, the Man-drake installer asked me if I wanted to remove the win98se partition that already existed. After pondering this for several minutes I though, 'what the hell, I can always reinstall it!' So I let it fly.

    After what seemed like 45 minutes of swapping cd's in-and-out of the drive, the man-drake (isn't that some sort of bird?) installer ask me what I wanted to use this linux machine for. So many choices! games, office, mail server, web server, about 2 dozen choices flooded my screen. This is madness! So after carefully considerating my options
    I decided to choose them all! I would be a Linux power-user to end all linux power-users!

    So after this decision was made I waited. And waited. And waited. During this I started to wonder. My Windows XP Home intallation on my other Peecee didn't ask me thse kind of questions, and it easily has the all the abilities that man-drake advertised to have. After all, I paid for WinXP Home. Sigh, I guess this it the price one pays
    for being part of the linux elite.

    Approximately 50 mintues later I get another prompt from the man-drake installer asking me what kind of GUI I wanted to use, KDE or GNOME. Fool me once, shame on you, fool me twice shame on me! I selected both and let it fly.

    After only about 20 mintues this time it appeared the install was completed. The mandrake installer told me it was going to reboot and then I would revel in Linux goodness. I waited with baited breath while the reboot churned away, eagerly waiting the opportuntity to use the KDE/GNOME interface. Page after page of command line
    stuff flew by my screen, seeming to get faster and faster as the time of my linux deliverance approached. Then, the screen flashed black (kinda like those scenes from the movie Wargames). I gasped and was presented with something like this:

    bsh: blah/blah/blah/ ____

    What the hell was this? Wasn't this man-drake linux supposed to be user friendly? Instead of the friendly confines of a WinXP like GUI instead I was given an ugly DOS like prompt, which looked supiciously like the TRS-80 system I first learned BASIC on in high school. Is this all the farther the great open-source movement has progressed?

    After serveral minutes of sobbing and knashing of teeth, I came to a decision. All the linux fags out there were not going to defeat me! They were not going to cry "Bend over WinXP boy, you're going to take linux OUR WAY and like it!".

    I quickly found my old musty copy of 'Unix in a Nutshell' from my college days and got to work. In a few hours I found out how to start the KDE GUI. This made life so much easier. After several days I was able to get the machine's 14.4 internal modem working with man-drake and connected to the internet, using a browser called Mozilla. Where oh where were the glorious pop-ups that appeared as I was surfing porn sites? Those bastards!

    After several more days I was starting to feel somewhat comfortable. Using something called Gimp to manipulate my growing collection of adult images was becoming a habit. And because I was ashamed to let my friends and neighbors know I was using a gasp! free operating system like mandrake, I kept the pee-cee in the basement. Now my girlfriend things the sounds emanating from below are me just woodworking or lifting weights. I guess linux has freed me after all!

  20. Read/Write Support for NTFS? by Puchku · · Score: 5, Interesting

    From: http://www.mandrakelinux.com/en/10.0/100PR.php3 Server deployments also benefit from interoperability with MS-Windows(R) systems thanks to enhanced support of Windows' Logical Disk Manager and new read/write NTFS support. Last time i checked, the NTFS write support was not mature enough to be used fulltime. Has anyone used this? Is the write support completely reliable? This is an imporatant issue, because it had the unfortunate tendancy of causing the windows install to get screwed. (sometimes, not all times) Thugh of you who have used write support successfully, please comment.

    1. Re:Read/Write Support for NTFS? by c4Ff3In3+4ddiC+ · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Regarding ntfs write support, you can only write to existing files and you can't change the size of the file.

      --
      *twitch*
    2. Re:Read/Write Support for NTFS? by mtsv01 · · Score: 3, Informative

      The Captive is working very nice for me, thoug a bit cpu intensive and slow but otherwise working perfect for my Mandrake 9.2 and the install was easy. here is the discription from the website:

      "Project implements the first full read/write free access to NTFS disk drives. You can mount your Microsoft Windows NT, 200x or XP partition as a transparently accessible volume for your GNU/Linux.

      This compatibility was achieved in the Wine way by using the original Microsoft Windows ntfs.sys driver. It emulates the required subsystems of the Microsoft Windows kernel by reusing one of the original ntoskrnl.exe, ReactOS parts, or this project's own reimplementations, on a case by case basis. Project includes the first open source MS-Windows kernel API for Free operating systems. Involvement of the original driver files was chosen to achieve the best and unprecedented filesystem compatibility and safety."
      The NTFS driver that comes with any Linux 2.6 gives very good reading performance, but the write support is not usefull.

      This boils down to two options for the user:

      • 1. Slow but perfect R/W acces with Captive.
      • 2. Fast read(almost)only acces with the buildin NTFS-driver in the 2.6.x kernel.
  21. Re:The All New Mandrake 10! by joestar · · Score: 4, Informative

    > Mandrake will go bancrupt soon. They need to make
    > some funding if they are not to go under.

    Unfortunately for you, it seems you'll have to hear from Mandrake still for a while:

    MandrakeSoft's First Quarter Results for 2003/2004: +8.4% revenue, +28.9% gross margin, 270,000 profit (http://www.mandrakesoft.com/company/community/man drakesoftnews/news?n=/mandrakesoft/finance/2450)

  22. Re:How updating works? by kundor · · Score: 4, Informative
    Mandrake has an awesome tool called urpmi.

    If you want to use the gui, it's completely painless. Open the Mandrake Configuration Wizard, go to packaging, click update. By default it only gets security fixes, you'll want bugfixes and general updates as well, so check those, and select all the updates, and click install.

    If you have broadband, one of the first things you should do with mandrake is remove the cd's as package sources (in the gui, just to to packaging->manage media, or something like that, and delete the cd sources) and follow the directions at http://urpmi.org/easyurpmi/index.php to add ftp mirrors. Then you can install programs on the command line (as root) by saying "urpmi package." For instance, urpmi gaim will install gaim. "urpmi -y blah" searches. "urpme package" uninstalls. "urpmi --auto-select" updates everything. The gui tools can do all this too.

  23. Re:Too many linux distros by BigJimSlade · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Lastly, don't forget, competition is a key to innovation. Having various distros competing for market share means they'll compete, and cooperate, meaing a better result for everyone. How can this be bad?

    One would think, but for the most part I haven't really noticed that in the Linux community. Each distro seems to focus all their effort into their own implementation of the basic "distro toolset" (Installer, disk partitioning, system management, control panel, etc.) I think it would benefit the community as a whole to be able to take these components and be able to add them to the distro of your choice. For example, one thing I really love about Mandrake is the graphical disk utility, DiskDrake. I think it beats the pants off everything else out there for Linux. Is it possible to get this running easily on another distribution? Doubtful.

    I applaud the work that the Debian (or was it Progeny) team has done to try using Red Hat's Anaconda installer system to install Debian. I hope to see more projects like this in the future.

  24. Re:Where can non club members get it? by kundor · · Score: 3, Insightful
    The question is not where non club members can get it, the question is when, and the answer is in a week or two.

    If you absolutely can't wait a week...pay them money. They deserve it.

  25. wasn't there only 1 RC before the final? by mrscorpio · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Judging on the quality of the final release for 9.2 after 3 RC's and the fact that this is the new "non-official-ala-fedora" release, I'm kinda skeptical on the quality of it. In fact, judging from the comments I read on RC1, THAT release was probably more like the last beta and THIS one is probably more like a release candidate. The one people want is going to be the "official" version in May, I think.

    Chris

  26. Re:x86-64 support? by kundor · · Score: 5, Informative
    amd64 cooker is almost to 10.0. They're still working on the 2.6 kernel, and kde for amd64 seems permanently stuck at 3.1.4.

    The best solution for now is to get the 9.2 amd64 isos, get on cooker servers and update everything (note, this won't be as easy as usual, you might have to manually urpmi a lot of packages), and then install the 2.6.3 kernel yourself.

    If that's not something you're comfortable doing, waiting for the 10.0 amd64 iso to come out is probably a better idea. It may be a month or two though.

  27. ....no way... by Dave_bsr · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I don't mean to be overly critical of you...and I like Mandrake. But...

    C'mon. seriously. Nothing is every bug free. That's just insane. Nothing, especially something as complicated as an ENTIRE OPERATING SYSTEM, is every completely, 100% bug free. That's just rediculous.

    Part of the problem MDK has been having, and that their new release system is trying to fix, is that they have a substantially large user/tester ratio. In other words, too many users for the people who are willing to test. A release can go through forty betas and 10 RC's, and fix ALL reported bugs. But without good testers, it will ship and millions of bugs will be found because there wasn't a good variance of testers.

    People expect their software to "just work". But without a lot of testing in a million configurations (especially as current and fast advancing as Mandrake is) that's difficult. Probably impossible.

    --


    Who is this Anonymous Coward character, how does he post so much, and why is he always such a whore?
  28. Re:The All New Mandrake 10! by ajs318 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I'll reply, rather than mod you down, because I want to contribute elsewhere in this discussion. If you're a Slackware user then you probably know enough to handle that. But Mandrake is a different animal altogether -- it is intended for less advanced users. And I see nothing wrong with that; after all, everybody needs to start somewhere. Mandrake was my first X11-based distribution {though I'd been tinkering about on the command line with Debian for some time} so I'll admit to a liking for it :)

    Slackware is more a geek's distro, whereas Mandrake is pitched more at n00bz. Slackware is good for customising {if I was being unkind, I'd say you have to customise it to make it usable} and runs well on less powerful systems; whereas Mandrake is purposely designed so that you can just slot it in and go, but it needs a fast machine to show off what it can do.

    The sort of person who installs Slackware is probably an old hand with several years' Linux experience; more likely to be mellower and less outspoken than the first-timer. Mandrake is a good choice for a beginner, and it has a very loyal and vocal band of followers.

    But just because Mandrake is aimed at the newcomer, it is no less powerful a distribution -- and it doesn't compromise on security. In its own way, it's a very hardcore distribution {there's one for the apostrophe nazis}: everything in it is open-source {unlike some distributions *cough* SUSE *cough*} and there is a real emphasis on community members helping one another with their problems.

    --
    Je fume. Tu fumes. Nous fûmes!
  29. urpmi --auto-select by buchanmilne · · Score: 4, Informative

    1)Remove all media for your old release

    # urpmi.removemedia -a

    (beware, -a removes all media ...)

    2)Add media for your new release. If that's the CDs, insert disk one and do
    # urpmi.addmedia --distrib 10.0-cd removable:///mnt/cdrom

    3)Update urpmi (in future this won't be necessary, the urpmi in 10.0 will automatically update itself if it sees there is an update, and then restart ...)

    # urpmi urpmi

    4)Upgrade everything else
    # urpmi --auto-select

    5)Choose a kernel
    # urpmi kernel

    6)Reboot
    # reboot
    (only if you need to ... but if you don't you will most likely at least want to restart your window manager ..).

    So, in 10.0 (or if you're running a beta or rc or cooker), it about a 3 or 4 step process - new/update media; urpmi --auto-select;urpmi kernel

    Note that if you don't use the installer, some things are not done for you, so read the release notes ...

  30. I wouldn't dare! by michajoe · · Score: 3, Funny

    The question is: Will SCO sue me for downloading or do I actually have to be running it to get sued?

  31. Re:The All New Mandrake 10! by yamla · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I agree with what you are saying. What I'm about to say is not a contradiction, I am simply explaining why I use Mandrake.

    By most counts, I'm a power Linux user. I first installed Linux on a system back in 1994. I've contributed a kernel patch. I have installed at least five distributions, two of which are Gentoo and Linux From Scratch.

    In the end, both for my home computer and my work computer (where I develop Linux and Windows software), I settled for Mandrake. I got tired of having to deal with config files and having to install drivers when I plug in new hardware. Mandrake handles this all pretty seemlessly for me, moreso in fact than Windows does. These days (though this was less true in the past), the software packaged with Mandrake is fairly recent and quite stable. That said, I did install KDevelop 3.0.1 from source rather than from Mandrake's packages.

    I still run Debian for my email/web server at home. In fact, I really like Debian. Its dependency resolution still has everything else beaten. But it doesn't offer such features as the Mandrake Control Center and other such happy Mandrake tools. As a result, I'm quite happy with my Mandrake installations, at least for desktop and workstation systems.

    A friend of mine pointed out that he switched operating systems (to OS X, in his case) because he wants something that just works. He doesn't want to spend time reformatting, reinstalling, and dealing with configuration files, at least no more than is absolutely necessary. I find Mandrake offers me this now and that is why I use it.

    --

    Oceania has always been at war with Eastasia.