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Custom Debian Distributions

Andreas Tille writes "When the first Custom Debian Distribution - Debian Junior - started in the beginning of 2000 we did not expect that this would perhaps lead to a new way Debian could support its end users in general. The next step forward was done in DebConf3 in Oslo when several developers who care about Custom Debian Distributions met in person and decided to work together more closely. Finally at OSWC conference in Malaga took place a workshop aiming at exactly this issue. The result of the conference was to write a paper about Custom Debian Distributions to explain to the public what we had done and what we want to do. This is an implicit call for participation for all those people inside and outside Debian who work on the same goal: Enhance the role of Debian as the missing link between upstream software developers and end users."

28 of 203 comments (clear)

  1. Debian by MrRuslan · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The raw Debian in it's current state seems more like a "platform" and less like a distro...it would be great to see debian make a bratnce base on raw debian like mozilla did with firefox...is this what they are trying to do with Jr then its a very good step..or am i missing something.

    1. Re:Debian by rolling_bits · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Knoppix style distro is great to learn Linux. You can reinstall the system in minutes. Once you learn enough you can author some scripts that download and configure the system as you like it, after a fresh install. Once you learn a little bit more you can remaster it including the tools you use and removing those that you don't use. So, Thanks to Knoppix and alike distros, Linux and Debian are getting widespread attention. I can live with choice. More than that, I love choices, as I would hate to use something that others like and I don't. --- A great pretender doesn't pretend at all.

    2. Re:Debian by EvilAlien · · Score: 2, Insightful
      Well, I do understand the value in system recovery, forensics, and security-related applications of Knoppix, Knoppix-STD, and other similar livecd products like INSERT and PHLAK. I don't *want* to think of Knoppix as a toy, nevertheless I see it presenting a bit of a threat.

      I also don't *want* to think of it simply as a toy, and don't, so please don't misunderstand my comments. I like the fact that you can get a pretty functional Linux box going running live off a cd, and this speaks to the power of Linux. However I still perceive a threat to wider adoption of Linux due to the ease of casual use.

      I very rarely, if ever, recommend that people interested in Linux go get Knoppix and play with it. I usually recommend that they check out Mandrake, SuSE, and/or Fedora and actually install it and try to use it, in other words commit to using Linux as a desktop solution at least as far as a dual-boot allows.

      --
      perl -e 'print $i=pack(c5, (41*2), sqrt(7056), (unpack(c,H)-2), oct(115), 10)'
    3. Re:Debian by NateTech · · Score: 2, Insightful

      RTFA.

      --
      +++OK ATH
  2. Debian has surpassed many goals.. by Indes · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Debian has grown as far as users, software and continues to grow with the Linux community. Its abilities to be able to drop in a vanilla Linux kernel and go while being able to be quite flexable as far as setup goes for the user makes it one of the best distributions out there. Apt and dpkg are some of the finest software management tools I've seen in the unix community next to BSD's ports system.

    Debian will continue to grow, as will the debian community hopefully for the better of the GNU/Linux world.

    1. Re:Debian has surpassed many goals.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I'm using Redhat, FreeBSD, Debian and Slackware.

      When I use Debian...what comes to mind is: "quirky"

      It works. I liked APT when it was a small little addon tool for Redhat. Now in Debian...it's the tip of the iceberg called Debianism. I'm apt pinning, I'm switching from straight apt to aptitude because straight apt won't uninstall/remember dependencies. I'm learning all the work arounds because when you load up the official distro, you won't have hardware support for shit.

      If you want a binary distribution...then perhaps Debian is your cup of tea. It has more binaries available...16,000+ and it has an equally large/complex package manager.

      Want to be learning about samba 3.0, iptables, postfix and other stuff?

      too bad...cause your gonna spend a lot of time dealing with Debianisms.

      And if you want to replace key packages with yor own custom compiled ones...enjoy. Watch those dependencies stop apt dead in it's tracks.

      yes... there are debianisms to handle all these issues.

      but i prefer a more unix like experience, with unmodified sources for all my packages.

      there is no "slackism" it's just a straight forward, very unixish linux. your skills will cross over to freebsd and even redhat.

      want to spend a lot of time getting indoctrinated into ONE CAMPS way of doing things.

      then enjoy debian.

    2. Re:Debian has surpassed many goals.. by dalutong · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I agree. Debian and apt are not meant to be magic tools. (a note: aptitude uses apt and dpkg. it is not a variation of apt.)

      If you want bleeding edge, don't use debian. I happen to live bleeding edge enough. I run debian testing and have some packages from unstable. I have gnome 2.6 from experimental. i have my apt settings so i will get testing packages by default, though. I've had very little trouble.

      I used to run pure debian unstable. I would run into some problems, but it was pretty easy to use. I only stopped because I got a new system and wanted to test out the new debian installer (beta 3.) It was beautiful, so I decided I'd try testing for a week or two and see if I can bare having a (small) version or two from the bleeding edge. I'm quite happy.

      Apt allows me to live in a stable system with whatever bleeding edge I want on the side.

      If you want to do bleeding edge all the time you're going to have to use fedora or a source distribution. That or learn how to make debs... which isn't easy enough in my opinion (I know why...)

      But that's the reality of being a fringe distribution that doesn't focus on bleeding edge. You can't knock LFS for being too complicated for newbies. It isn't supposed to be. Or knock linux-embedded for not running on blue gene. I isn't supposed to.

      Just as in cultures, you have to measure another considering its values. Debian values what it values. You should respect that. You can disagree, but you should still respect it. Just as debian users should respect other development philosophies.

      --

      What comes first, finding a teacher or becoming a student?
  3. It begins at home by beforewisdom · · Score: 5, Insightful
    "This is an implicit call for participation for all those people inside and outside Debian who work on the same goal: Enhance the role of Debian as the missing link between upstream software developers and end users."
    If Debian wants a link between upstream software developers and end users they should do a few more simple tasks first IMHO:

    - get a real usenet group, not just a gated email list

    - create a friendly user community that doesn't slam people for asking questions "improperly"

    On the first point, debian-users is a huge, high traffic list that. Being able to pop into usenet is preferable for someone with only an occasional question. The gated list has failed.

    On the second point, people can & do to get turned away from a product by rude encounters.

    Yah, some people claim that is fine that they don't want "your kind of user", but the quote above belies the fact that the Debian project people want end users.

    All of the excuses for slamming people are washed away by the simple fact that reading and posting on the internet is 100% voluntary.

    If someone thinks a question is unworthy they should not waste their time by finishing reading it and they certainly shouldn't spend their time answering the question.

    Doing and complaining,/i> about either given the voluntary nature of the internet makes them look like a mean loser.

    It also drives the end users the Debian project people say they want away.

    Steve Both of these points are about providing accessible help and support.

    1. Re:It begins at home by garcia · · Score: 1, Insightful

      get a real usenet group, not just a gated email list

      As a pretty regular Linux user (Debian for several years) for 8 or so years, I wouldn't read Usenet ever... I don't see how that could help anything.

      create a friendly user community that doesn't slam people for asking questions "improperly"

      Let the third-party Debian distributions deal w/that. Debian users are a special breed. Just like RedHat and SuSE and various others. That's the great thing about Linux distributions. Don't like the community? Find something that is easier for you to use and has a more friendly envrionment.

    2. Re:It begins at home by alptraum · · Score: 5, Insightful
      Let the third-party Debian distributions deal w/that. Debian users are a special breed.

      I really get sick of this elitest crap, that somehow a specific group is somehow "special". Before going off to become an engineer, I used to be a hardcore Linux user of Slackware and Debian, wow big deal, it's a personal choice. I'm a grad level engineer and this is a big problem in engineering as well; all the engineers think their flavor of engineering is the most righteous and everybody else is stupid, rather than realizing they all compliment each other and work together.

      When I have internships, it's even worse, It was really tiresome listening to the thin films guys talk crap about the lithography guys that talked crap about...it never ended and all it did was cause great amounts of inefficiency and backstabbing.

      In the end, this whole "us" versus "them" mentality causes exactly the kinds of problems described above, users being chided for asking "stupid" questions, people refusing to cooperate, etc.

      Microsoft doesn't have to fire a shot if the Linux community chops themselves to pieces.

    3. Re:It begins at home by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I've been using Linux since '95 (Debian user since '96) and I don't agree.
      I once subscribed to the debian-user mailing list (a couple years ago) and stayed on for a few months. Then I got tired of all the damn POP3 traffic taking up my disk I/O every time the cron job started. That mailing list is too damn big! Usenet servers can better accomodate huge traffic like that, not to mention it would save bandwidth (instead of everyone forced to receive every message... what a waste!)
      Now when I have a problem and need help I post to generic Linux newsgroups instead!

    4. Re:It begins at home by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      It's a bad habit that needs to be broken. You'll need at least ten +5, Insightfuls to get the message across.

    5. Re:It begins at home by beforewisdom · · Score: 2, Insightful
      Let the third-party Debian distributions deal w/that. Debian users are a special breed
      What makes them special?

      My post made the point that they are simulataneously wanting a particular end and doing things to make that desired end not happen

      There is a word for that and that word is not "smart" :).

    6. Re:It begins at home by dalutong · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I don't understand it. Maybe the script kiddies who have installed debian propagate that elitism, but most of us don't.

      Debian is a distribution. It is a distribution that is community developed and based and one in which the contributers are proud. There is nothing wrong with that.

      One of the general community values of using debian is the "militant" support of Free software. There is nothing wrong with beleiving in that.

      When someone is a "special" breed, it does not mean that that person is "especially" good at something. It just means that we are a unique breed. Different. Different can be good or bad. It can also be indifferent.

      I do not care what distribution people use. Or, rather, I do not hold grudges based on it. I do think that using Debian is good because it is both a good distribution and it supports values I hold dear.

      It is no different than Americans wanting to live in America. Or racially tolerant people wanting to live in racially tollerant areas. Or book lovers liking to frequent libraries. Debian supports what I believe in, so I live there. If I had my way you would agree with me. That's part of what having a "value" does.

      Some people don't care about these things. That's either a absense of a value concerning these issues or it is a value that opposes them.

      That's okay too.

      Just because the popular opinion is that people should only care about gratis and not about libre doesn't mean I have to agree with that. And just because you only care about gratis and not about libre doesn't mean you have to agree with me.

      My point is that I don't think it is right to classify us as elitist. Some people come off a little too aggresively. I don't support that. I support dialogue so we can learn to respect one anothers values.

      I respect this posters. I hope he can respect mine.

      (And I hope he gives debian another go. It's a wonderful distribution that just thinks a little differently about releases and politics than some other distributions do. You don't have to agree. It's not a requirement. But please respect that.)

      --

      What comes first, finding a teacher or becoming a student?
    7. Re:It begins at home by BlueStrat · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I originally chose Debian as my very first linux OS install about 2 years ago. I liked the idea of a comepletely open-source, free OS. Still do. I'm a retired (medical disability) electronics tech, self-taught, except for a high-school vocational electronics class. Worked on everything from guitar amps to avionics systems in private/corporate jets. If it runs on electricity, I've probably had a job either designing it, building it, or fixing it. I'm not a software expert, but I'll put my basic troubleshooting skills and intuitive "feel" for machinery and equipment of any kind up against anyone, so I'm not technically illiterate by any means. I RTFM'ed my butt off, and got through the install. However, after being treated like a retarded child and ridiculed for asking a question that may have been obvious to a long-time Debian user, but wasn't covered well in the docs or man pages, I decided that the Debian community was just too elitist for me. It's sad, because I still think that Debian is technically an excellent distro, but I just refuse to be a party to the attitudes I found in the Debian community, and feel that by using Debian, I would be supporting the continuation of such elitist attitudes. I now use Mandrake and Gentoo, and have started teaching myself to code (still just a babe here, yet) and plan to eventually contribute to the above distros. The difference in attitudes is night-and-day. Debian lost a user, and a potential contributor/developer. The Debian community and developers have the right to conduct themselves and run things any way they want to. I have the right to pass them by. There are simply too many other excellent distros out there, with friendly, helpful people that are happy to share their knowledge and experience with newcomers without any elitism.

      --
      Progressivism (aka US 'Liberalism'): Ideas so good they need a police/surveillance-state to enforce.
  4. Upstream developers? by SunPin · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Just want to point out a subtle hypocrisy...

    If Microsoft referred to themselves as "upstream developers", they'd have hell to pay.

    --
    Laws are for people with no friends.
  5. Debian just doesn't get it. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Debian does *not* need to be creating distros for LAYWERS. What they do need:

    1) ftp-able ISOs. No jigdo crap.

    2) Recent updates. Something from the 21st century would be nice. Debian's "stable" is positively ancient.

    3) If Debian wants more participants, then take a page from Linus -- lose the attitude. I want Linux, not a freakin' religion. We're peers, not apostles.

    Randy

    1. Re:Debian just doesn't get it. by MrRuslan · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Recent update? Ever tried Sarge with some SID packeges...In some cases even more up to date Gentoo and not as easy to break...the "Stable" is just a title not a description...look at MS's Stables...

    2. Re:Debian just doesn't get it. by samjam · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I think I'm a pretty good developer and very computer literate.

      Jigdo isn't worth the time it takes to say it.

      And why (0h why) do the debian installers insist on using stripped down kernels WITHOUT any compiled modules either? Whats the use of that?

      For installation ISOs include nearly EVERY kernel module.

      I had no end of trouble with debian and SID/Sarge installer BECAUSE the installation-time kernel had the right modules but the installed kernel didn't! I had to keep "recovering" from the installation CD to get a box with PCMCIA net drivers and spent ages trying to get a .deb (not udeb - what are udeb anyway) that had the right modules.

      Yeah I could have downloaded the whole kernel source and compiled it on a P75 laptop with 80MB RAM but I didn't think it worthwhile.

      Sam

    3. Re:Debian just doesn't get it. by Agent+Orange · · Score: 2, Insightful

      actually, yast has only just become open source in the last few weeks (/. story here) - you expect something as mature and rock-solid stable as debian to drop in a completely new installer (that does NOT support the 10+ architectures that debian supports) in the space of two weeks? You're kidding right?

      The installer problem is well known. But really, writing a pretty GUI interface to work on the wide variety of architectures that debian supports is no mean feat.

      Would be nice to have a fancy GUI x86 option though. Might kill a lot of the whining. The installer is only meant ot ever be used once! That's the whole point of apt! want the latest version? apt-get dist-upgrade. No buying the latest *insert your favourite distro here* CDs and completely re-installing...

    4. Re:Debian just doesn't get it. by jshare · · Score: 2, Insightful
      As far as the "recent updates" goes, I suggest running your systems as a mix of stable (for ssh, or other internet-exposed services that you want security updates for) and unstable/testing.

      Via the magic of apt-pinning you can install packages from later sources onto woody, with dependencies being met as needed to install them.

      It really makes it easier to run a secure ssh box, but get the most recent aptitude (for example).

  6. Compare with Gentoo by spiritraveller · · Score: 3, Insightful

    ... another l337 distro. But it has an extremely user-friendly and helpful web forum forums.gentoo.org.

    The Gentoo forum attracts new users because it is an easy and user-friendly way to get help... it is also nicely designed. It doesn't require approval by a moderator to ask a question.

    The Debian answer to every complaint is basically "this is free, we don't have to please you." Which is certainly true and understandable. But Gentoo is just as free.

    So I recommend Gentoo to people who want to learn Linux... later, after they don't need help anymore, they can always switch to Debian.

    Even though I use Debian now, I still go to the Gentoo forums to look for how-tos and other information that is not specific to that distro.

    Come to think of it, Gentoo's documentation is a lot more easy to deal with too.

    And what's with the Spartan Debian web site? Is it being plain for plain's sake?

    Let the flames begin.

  7. Redian, or maybe Debhat by pyros · · Score: 4, Insightful
    I've been trying a bunch of distributions lately as I don't necessarily want selinux for my home desktops (selinux is a major part of Fedora Core 2). What I've determined so far is that I really like Red Hat's system admin/config tools. You have one tool (sometimes two so you have a gui and command-line, but they're really they same thing in that case).

    Mandrake and Suse have a single admin suite that does everything. Some people love them, and I'll admit that they do look polished. I just don't like having to have a bunch of extra backends installed for hardware and services I don't have just to have the admin tool installed. I haven't really tried Ark, Lycoris, Lindows, or Libranet (Ark wouldn't either wouldn't install or wouldn't run after install, I forget) but my assumption is that being KDE based, they have the same feel of one big tool.

    I really like the package selection available on Debian. But getting things to run the way I want can sometimes be a chore. On a previous attempt at debian I had trouble with IDE drivers after install. I couldn't get my USB mouse to work and was ridiculed on #debian for loading the usbmouse module instead the obvious task of installing usbmanager. When I asked the #debian folks for the location of an testing/unstable net install CD it took ten minutes of people asking why I didn't want to use floppies to install stable and then dist-upgrade. I don't have a floppy.

    The new instaler is a super awesome step. I like that the debian install actually installs a kernel package now, and that in expert mode I can choose which kernel to install. But fonts still suck ass and I can't seem to improve some of them (gdm, the gnome login splash screen, and the gnome logout dialog). I didn't have trouble getting my USB mouse to work this time, but I can't get my thinkpad 600X's touchpad to work (and yes I've tried the config from the sites on the webring found at www.linux-thinkpad.org). Red Hat and Mandrake support the PS/2 touchpad and hotplugging a USB mouse out of the box. Copying my RH config didn't work. Configuring it by hand per the docs doesn't work.

    I've recently discovered (in the process of installing flashplugin-nonfree and msttcorefonts) the update-* commands. But they seem to be there mostly to effect changes you have written into the config files already. I've found nothing so far on Debian which helps me get the config files right.

    So finally arriving at the point of my post, I would like to see Red Hat's system-config-* set of single-purpose config tools ported to debian. I do realise that the RH tools aren't the penultimate solution (they haven't worked for me getting a Riva TNT2 with nvidia driver and Voodoo2 with tdfx driver dual-head setup working so far), but I think they're better than anyone else's offerings so far.

  8. The reason I run Debian... by Short+Circuit · · Score: 4, Insightful

    ...is because a friend(Jeff Teunnissen) recommended it to me. He's also a Debian developer.

    For the first few months, whenever I ran into a problem I couldn't figure out on my own, I called him (I lived in the same general neighborhood.) I also hung out in an IRC chat room where a bunch of kindly Linux users also hung out ... After a while, I learned to RTFM, especially after I started asking questions he couldn't answer.

    Debian was the first distribution of Linux I ran (aside from Red Hat 5.2, which I ran for a day...), and most of what I know about Linux I learned on my Debian machines.

    The moral of the story, I guess, is to have someone you know around to ask questions of. Among my friends just trying out Linux, I recommend Debian, and offer my advice.

  9. Debian in a nutshell. by claes · · Score: 1, Insightful

    + Good package management system
    + Good influence on the free software community

    - Elitistic tendencies
    - Lots of flamewars
    - Moving too slowly

    ? Conservative
    ? Lots of packages
    ? Supports many architectures

    For me personally, the last points are negative. I don't mind about 11 architectures, since most of them I will never use. In my summary, Debian actually ends up with negative score. But this is subjective of course. For some people, 11 architectures are more important than a release with current software.

  10. IHBT by krmt · · Score: 4, Insightful
    The software was really out of date even with the so called "unstable" version.
    Uh... what software was this, exactly? XFree was the lone exception for unstable for a long time, but that's essentially up to date now (unless you count 4.4, which no one but slack iirc is shipping).
    Then I went on irc to see the community and between the "rms is a blowhard" and "debian unstable is way more stabler than redcrap, teee ehehe" people
    Well, in terms of the former, RMS has pissed off the Debian community quite a bit lately. Between the GFDL fiasco and his labeling Debian as not free enough because it has the non-free section of the archive, he's not been too kind to what is undoubtedly the distro most concerned with Free Software as such.

    As for the latter, there's all sorts of distro bashing in any forum. That's the way it is. It's called friendly rivalry. If you actually look at what's going on above the IRC level, there's a lot of real cooperation going on between the distros, for all the petty rivalry. Lots of Debian Developers, for instance, are employed by Redhat.
    there was their ringleader one guy some mwilson that would just make fun of anyone who asked a question calling them "morons, cluetards, braindead," etc. and since he was flaming about 10 people at once like some kind of burning octopus of negativity I know I am not the only person experiencing that.
    Yes, mwilson is a complete and utter ass hole. Yes, he's known to be as such. But you're judging a whole channel based on one guy. You do have /ignore, as well as the power of your own brain, to ignore people like that. I recommend them both.
    The debian community apparently lets the trolls run it's irc channel.
    The Debian Developers have, as a whole, written off #debian. I think most developers would want to see it as totally separate from the project as a whole, which at this point it probably is. A major reason for that is that the users don't let the project know that they want a good IRC channel where they can get help. Most developers see it as useless. If you want the channel to be more tightly regulated by the project, I recommend sending a mail to debian-project and letting them know how you feel. If there's enough people who really want the channel to be policed differently and brought more in to the fold of the project itself, please speak up so you can actually influence things. Unless you'd rather just complain on slashdot more.
    So from my experience anyways it isn't really a distro to be taken seriously. If want to use old software and get flamed by some ultra-leet dudes on irc then go ahead use debian. If you want something else a tad more professional use basically anything else.
    Way to judge an entire distribution based on its IRC channel. Talk about professional!
    --

    "I may not have morals, but I have standards."

  11. Dubious about Distros by petrus4 · · Score: 2, Insightful
    I'm giving premade distributions a wide berth these days. It's true that I was here singing the praises of Xandros 2.0 a few weeks back...but that was before I found out that gcc didn't work with it out of the box, and the entire system broke hard (I had to reinstall it 3 times before I finally got rid of it) when I tried to install it.
    I'm currently working my way through the book Linux From Scratch, and as the host for that I used a massively stripped install of RH 7.3.

    I figure if I want emphasis on user-friendliness over stability, security, and configurability, I might as well go back to Windows. I'm not going back to Windows though, because I want those things...a system customised to my machine and my way of doing things, and a system which doesn't break once I've put in the work setting it up. I can't get that from Windows...and I also can't get it from a commercialistic, predigested wants-to-be-Windows Linux distribution. The people out there who are determined to win Windows users over to Linux by making Linux into a clone of Windows should stop and think occasionally about what such a thing could potentially do to Linux.

  12. Re:HOWTO Be Helped By The Debian Community by beforewisdom · · Score: 2, Insightful
    Agreed. How do you expect to change that though? Debian is, by nature, a very open project, and as such places like debian-user and #debian are relatively unmoderated. Do you want to close off the lists somehow? Do you want to moderate them? Who do you propose to do the job? And by what guidelines? And by what mechanism? These are serious questions, and they don't have easy answers. "Fixing" a community isn't easy
    We fix it the same way Debian is run, by open participation.

    The people who will slam someone for asking an "unworthy question" when they have just ignored the question are also people who are very sensitive to and malleable by public censure.

    When one of these losers slams someone for asking an "unworthy" question all that is necessary is that someone else say something like:

    Hey, we are not about that here. If you aren't interested in that question just ignore it.
    Thats it.

    The person who stands up to the bully can stop right there, answer that users question, or add politiely:

    There is a lot of good documentation out there. People in this forum prefer you try to find your answer there first before coming here. We don't like repeating what has already been written. Try ___, or _____ good luck.
    All of which is far less typing then the usual flames you mentioned ( I've seen them too ).

    There is no need to immature or to work against Debian project goals of attracting more end users.

    Steve