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Microsoft Reward Leads to Arrest of Sasser Suspect

tritone writes "According to this article on CNET, it was a reward from Microsoft that led to the arrest of the perpertrator of the Sasser Windows Worm. This is the first success for Microsoft's Antivirus Award Program, a $5 million fund to reward people for coming forward with information about those who release major worms and viruses."

43 of 287 comments (clear)

  1. Good by Omega1045 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Good. All anti-MS "They should have written more secure software" comments aside, I am glad they were able to catch this guy if it is him. I am glad the reward worked. In the end there is one person that is really, truly responsible for the virus and that is the virus writer. Now I wonder how much of the $5m pot the informer(s) will get.

    --

    Great ideas often receive violent opposition from mediocre minds. - Albert Einstein

    1. Re:Good by Night+Goat · · Score: 3, Informative

      The article discusses how much money was paid to these informants.

      "Aware of this program, individuals in Germany approached Microsoft investigators," Smith said. "We did not hesitate and made a decision to offer a reward of $250,000."

      Smith wouldn't say how many people came forward, except to indicate it was fewer than five. Moreover, while he would not comment on whether a relationship existed between the Sasser suspect and the informants, he did say that they both live in the same part of Germany.

    2. Re:Good by aaribaud · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Of course, we should keep in mind the fact that unlike with bank robbers or muggers, arresting virus/worm writers once a virus or worm is out in the wild does not stop the virus/wrom from spreading. This somehow reduces the usefulness of the MS initiative.

    3. Re:Good by c · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I am glad the reward worked.

      Well, it maybe worked once. The people turning the guy in might have done it even if the reward wasn't available.

      Microsoft announced the reward program almost a year ago and that this is the first worm actually resulting in a claim suggests, in fact, that the reward program is mostly a failure.

      c.

      --
      Log in or piss off.
    4. Re:Good by ATAMAH · · Score: 3, Informative

      $250000
      Same reward was offered for the information about the authors of Sobig, msblaster etc.

  2. I wish... by zaunuz · · Score: 4, Funny

    ...that MS would hand out those rewards to those who turned in people that used pirated versions of their software. Not that i care about Microsoft piracy at all, but I know a few assholes, and I could need the money.

    --
    this is probably the most boring sig in the world
    1. Re: I wish... by Kjella · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Wonder what's the ROI for releasing a virus and then ratting on yourself.

      Wonder what's the ROI for releasing a virus by framing an asshole and then ratting on said asshole.

      Kjella

      --
      Live today, because you never know what tomorrow brings
  3. It seems fitting... by ColdWetDog · · Score: 4, Insightful
    That Sasser's writer was discovered by that very old hat and low tech method of greed. For a few moments after the alleged perpetrator had been arrested, I had thought that M$ had managed to actually do something proactive and clever.

    I suppose throwing money at the problem is proactive, but hardly clever.

    In this complex and often terrifying world, it's nice to know that some things never change.

    --
    Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
  4. Note to self... by Black+Parrot · · Score: 5, Funny


    Don't go bragging about your next virus release.

    --
    Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    1. Re:Note to self... by Deraj+DeZine · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Better yet, frame somebody for writing the virus and take the $5 million yourself. That's what I'd do (if I was a jerk).

      --
      True story.
  5. Microsoft Rewards by mr_z_beeblebrox · · Score: 5, Interesting

    While I do agree that they need to do better (not more) auditing of code, I also think it is admirable that they are taking responsibility for the damage in some way. Props to Microsoft.
    Suggestion, instead of suing security companies who find and point out vulnerabilities they should implement rewards there. For example, if xyz security found a vulnerability they could either
    A: release it to the news/public and risk MS ire
    or
    B: Submit it confidentially to the MS bug track for a hefty reward
    Yes, that lacks disclosure but it is a healthier system than now exists.

    1. Re:Microsoft Rewards by Peyna · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Part of the agreement should be that when you submit the vulnerability to MS, you agree to keep quiet for X amount of time, they agree to give you some reward. After X amount of time, you should be able to then release the information to the public.

      Of course, the only problem is, if you told them and kept quiet, chances are someone else is going to find that same vulnerability who might not play as nice.

      --
      What?
    2. Re:Microsoft Rewards by toopc · · Score: 5, Insightful
      How about paying for the time of all the admins that have been running around patching systems to get rid of it?

      The patch for Sasser was available 3 weeks before the virus was released. I don't know about you, but I'd rather pay an admin to install a patch before the virus hits, than to pay him because he's busting his ass fixing a problem that he should have avoided.

    3. Re:Microsoft Rewards by mr_z_beeblebrox · · Score: 3, Insightful

      You should also mention that the patch fucked SMP machines and possibly (depends how lucky you are) any NT machine with a partition over 7.8GB. When testing reveals that the patch is borked you do NOT install it.

      Don't forget to also mention that when a manufacturer waffles back and forth about wether or not to continue support on a platform (NT) that platform should be dropped from production. All my Windows 2000 boxes are SMP I have partitions MUCH greater than 7.8 GB and the patch I installed 3 weeks ago works great.

  6. Looking forward to the fallout... by John+Seminal · · Score: 4, Interesting
    The arrest could lead to more suspects.

    I wonder what kind of deals are being offered right now for him to turn in friends and information? I wonder what is on his computer? All it takes is one informant for the police to get warrents to search all his friends and known acquaintances computers, so I am thinking there will be a bigger fallout than just one guy. I just hope they don't let the big fish off the hook to get 10 smaller fish.

    I wonder if this will be the start of the dominos falling. He turns in his friends, who in return turn in their friends. Then next thing you know the FBI is knocking on your door asking to look at your computer. In some ways, I welcome that. It gets to be exhausting fixing computers from all the viruses and spyware and crap.

    I am just glad that with him in jail there will be more security. One less bad guy to worry about.

    --

    Rosco: "If brains were gunpowder, Enos couldn't blow his nose."

  7. That depends... by PetoskeyGuy · · Score: 5, Funny

    The $5 Million reward is only payable in Vouchers for Microsoft Software.

  8. Re:Oh, guess what ... by betelgeuse-4 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    It appears the reward is only offered once a virus has done some serious damage, so it only has the effect of stopping one virus coder at a time. It does nothing to stop aspiring young virus writers from aspiring to be virus writers.

  9. Why? by John+Seminal · · Score: 3, Insightful
    Just because the code is not secure, does that give another person a right to cause harm? It is like saying that if I leave my back door unlocked at night, I am to blame if someone breaks in. I say that is bullshit. I say I have a gun, and if someone breaks in, they are getting shot. And that is how this guy should be treated, as a criminal thug.

    How much money does Microsoft have to spend making their operating system, and how perfect and secure does it have to be?

    Maybe if it was not for the virus writers, the cost of Windows would be cheaper. Maybe beacuse of the virus writers Microsoft has to spend more money?

    I think it is horrible for someone to defend a criminal because the criminal had oppertunity to commit a crime.

    --

    Rosco: "If brains were gunpowder, Enos couldn't blow his nose."

    1. Re:Why? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Here's a better way to put it.

      If the doors in your house are falty and won't lock at all, then someone breaks in, who is to blame? The intruder, or the company that sold you the defective doors?

      I say both.

      And because the "door company" is paying to find the intruders after they have broken in does not mean it solves the problem, maybe they should fix the locks first. That sounds like a reasonable idea.

    2. Re:Why? by Waffle+Iron · · Score: 5, Insightful
      Your analogy is flawed.

      It is like saying that if I leave my back door unlocked at night, I am to blame if someone breaks in.

      It's not like a door on your house. It's more like you're a tenant in a large apartment block in a bad neighborhood, and the landlord hasn't installed working locks on any of the apartments.

      I say I have a gun, and if someone breaks in, they are getting shot.

      But in this case you don't have a gun, nor can you get one. There's just about nothing that you can do as an individual to retaliate or even track down the perpetrators.

      It's more like this: After years of complaints, the negligent landlord decided to hire a private investigator. After almost a year, this PI has managed to track down just one out of the hundreds of criminals harassing the neighborhood. BFD.

      Maybe if it was not for the virus writers, the cost of Windows would be cheaper.

      Maybe if it weren't for thieves, the cost of apartments would be cheaper. They wouldn't need security services or door locks. Unfortunately, that's a pipe dream. In the real world, you're not ever going to avoid paying for security. Deal with it.

      Microsoft, the brilliant businessmen that they are, has actually managed to avoid or push off onto others the full costs of security for quite some time. However, even they are not be able to avoid the inevitable forever.

      They are going now to pay to fix their mistakes with some fraction of their pile of cash, but more importantly, they are going to have to design security into their software up front. This is going to significantly slow down their pace of churning their software updates. This loss of some of their competetive edge is going to be the real price that they pay.

      I think it is horrible for someone to defend a criminal because the criminal had oppertunity to commit a crime.

      Likewise, it's bad to defend negligence on the part of those responsible for providing security measures by saying "Sure the security was badly flawed, but if there weren't any bad guys in this world, we wouldn't need security!"

    3. Re:Why? by theLOUDroom · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Just because the code is not secure, does that give another person a right to cause harm? It is like saying that if I leave my back door unlocked at night, I am to blame if someone breaks in. I say that is bullshit. I say I have a gun, and if someone breaks in, they are getting shot. And that is how this guy should be treated, as a criminal thug.

      I don't have a problem with locking up those who distribute worms and viruses, but I do have a problem with locking up someone just because you can show that they wrote it. It's more like locking up someone just for *OWNING* lockpicks. What should be illegal is using the lockpicks to break into someone's house, not owning them in the first place. Many of the early DOS/Windows viruses contain examples of extremely clever programming with all sorts of alternate applications: crypto programs, AV programs, copyprotection/anti-reverse engineering schemes, etc.

      Maybe if it was not for the virus writers, the cost of Windows would be cheaper. Maybe beacuse of the virus writers Microsoft has to spend more money?

      No, this is kind of a basic econ 101 thing. When a company has a monopoly, they start charging the "monopoly price" and opposed to the fair market price. While the fair market price is tied to supply and demand, cost of production, etc, the monopoly price is dictated strictly by DEMAND. The monopolist looks at the demand curve for their product and choose the point the maximizes their revenue. Since the windows is a software product as opposed to a car, there is little incremental cost between producing 100,000 copies as opposed to 50,000. These means that the production cost aspect of the monopoly price is pretty much fixed, and the price is dictated almost entirely by demand.

      --
      Life is too short to proofread.
    4. Re:Why? by wharrislv · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Yeah dude, totally...just like someone who makes a biological weapon to expose the weakness in the current national security infrastructure. They could just leave it out on the street marked "use me to fuck up the entire city."

      They haven't done anything wrong, right? I mean, they didn't RELEASE the poison, and their aim is noble since they really only expose all the country's physical security holes.

      FUCK virus writers. They cost people money and time. Money and time is LIFE, just because they take it from you 10 minutes at a time doesn't make it any easier to swallow.

      If you want to make people more aware of security, try community outreach. Get involved locally and make a real difference in people's lives. Take charitable contributions to buy billboards and TV commercials. Get the big players involved.

      But...wait, that would be POSITIVE. That isn't nearly underground enough for your typical virus writer. Their rhetoric is a fucking smokescreen, they're slimebag criminals and they deserve to be punished just like a CEO who jacks down stock prices. They're both doing MONETARY damage. Money is time and time is life, never forget that.

      --
      http://wharris.poweredbygeek.net
  10. More validation of Microsoft's central philosophy: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    Specifically: You can buy anything.

  11. I reakon it's a PR exercise. by Leonig+Mig · · Score: 3, Interesting

    i think this is utter tosh. microsoft tried to make out the blaster worm was coded by some 17 year old last time.

    they want us think 'oh all these viruses are caused by nieve kids with something to prove';

    which is less scary than the truth that worms are coded to order by people with maths degrees for criminal gangs who want to use your pc as a conduit for illegal material.

  12. Business model . . . by Idou · · Score: 4, Funny

    1. Write worm
    2. Find someone in severe financial trouble
    3. Have that person release the worm from home computer
    4. Turn that person in and collect the reward
    5. Place 75% in a high interest foreign account and keep the rest
    6. After the guy gets out of jail, send him a key to a safety deposit with all the information he needs to start a new life
    7. Profit

    --
    Sdelat' Ameriku velikoy Snova!
    1. Re:Business model . . . by ion++ · · Score: 5, Funny

      The information in the safety deposit is a note saying:

      1. Write worm
      2. Find someone in severe financial trouble
      3. Have that person release the worm from home computer
      4. Turn that person in and collect the reward
      5. Place 75% in a high interest foreign account and keep the rest
      6. After the guy gets out of jail, send him a key to a safety deposit with all the information he needs to start a new life
      7. Profit

  13. This could lead to another attack on Linux... by 3seas · · Score: 3, Interesting

    MS pays to bust Virus writters and FOSS can't afford such a reward system... so MS hires (under the table) virus writers to attack Linux...

    But FOSS doesn't pay me to turn in a virus writer.... so why should I...???

    greed..... its been a constant in teh computer industry... no doubt about it.

    1. Re:This could lead to another attack on Linux... by cowscows · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Don't be so paranoid. They'd have to pay an awful lot of talented people to get the volume of linux viruses up to a level where windows would compare favorably. And that effort would be nowhere near the risk of the horrible PR that would be generated when someone revealed that MS was paying them to write these linux viruses.

      --

      One time I threw a brick at a duck.

  14. Re:Proof ? by John+Seminal · · Score: 4, Insightful
    There is proof.

    1) They can show he had the ability to write it.

    2) They might have people who he told he wrote it.

    3) There might be evidance on his computer.

    4) They can look at how it spread, and what he had access to.

    5) They might have been tracking his internet activities, seeing where he was and what he was doing (they had probably cause).

    I think there are many things the police can do to find out if it is him.

    --

    Rosco: "If brains were gunpowder, Enos couldn't blow his nose."

  15. Good like the lesser evil? by Clinoti · · Score: 5, Funny
    Other people are not happy that this guy was caught because you have to subtract the disappointment from the companies that profit from viruses, and adware, and spyware. Just another angle to look at.

    I wonder if MS can keep up this effort and if we'll eventually start to see sponsored virii added to the real TCO for windows OS'. Oh wait.

    --

    Let's keep in mind that patents are in place to keep lawyers employed and keep them litigating. -CatGrep

  16. I wonder if microsoft will actually up the $$$ by Coolmoe · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I wonder how many people will turn in thier friends, family etc.. for cash that they they may or may not get. Seems to me like microsoft will get a flood of calls from people that have friends and stuff that like programming. Whoes to say what they were programming. What about false accusations by the technically inept?

    --
    Got hosting
  17. Re:Oh, guess what ... by John+Seminal · · Score: 4, Insightful
    It appears the reward is only offered once a virus has done some serious damage, so it only has the effect of stopping one virus coder at a time. It does nothing to stop aspiring young virus writers from aspiring to be virus writers.

    It has deterent value. It says if you become good at writing viruses you will get nailed. Maybe MS does not care about the young kid messing around who does not damage anything. Microsoft is showing good restraint.

    Plus, I cant help but think that comment is typical of how people treat MS. They either complain they are not doing enough or too much.

    --

    Rosco: "If brains were gunpowder, Enos couldn't blow his nose."

  18. Actually . . . by Idou · · Score: 4, Funny

    "A: release it to the news/public and risk MS ire
    or
    B: Submit it confidentially to the MS bug track for a hefty reward"

    That system already exists.It is called "Black Mail."

    --
    Sdelat' Ameriku velikoy Snova!
  19. Bounty Hunter by Ugmo · · Score: 4, Insightful

    OK, I want some of that dough.

    The article mentions that Microsoft used some technical means to confirm the informants' information but the informants did not use technical means to identify the guy. This leads to some questions:

    Does Microsoft somehow bug your code if you use MS products to produce it? If I remember correctly some of the Word macro viruses had an ID number somewhere inside them that let MS identify the copy of Word that originally produced the virus.

    Is such a serial number/product ID what MS used to confirm the informant's information?
    It would not necessarily need to be a number. Deliberate variations in the code produced by a compiler from one machine to the next could be used as a fingerprint.

    Barring that, was there some other technical means that could have been used to locate the author?

    If I wanted to be a Anti-Virus Bounty hunter is my best bet learning to decompile code or to hang around on IRC chat channels and either encourage other users to write viruses so I can turn them in later, or make friends with real virus writers so I can turn them in?

    Maybe a piece of reference code can be made available on a website and people can compile it on a range of machines and MS compilers. The resulting code can be compared and to see if the machine/compiler pair can be identified from the executable. If two machines with the same OS and developement tools create code with slight differences I would begin to worry if I were a virus writer.

    1. Re:Bounty Hunter by digital+photo · · Score: 3, Informative

      All compilers have a "pattern" in the way they generate the machine code from your originating source code. This has been known for quite some time. I'd say since the early 8088 days, if not earlier. I would think in terms of the quality of the bits in the program like oil paint vs water paint. There is a percievable difference in quality/texture.

      About a decade ago, someone created a polymorphic module to be compiled into virii and worms to mask the original code so that a simple string search could not be used to detect it. But the means by which the module worked allowed a new kind of virii detection tool: heuristics to detect the resulting blob of code.

      If you compile on a MS system, GNU system, etc... your code will have system calls to partiular libraries and code offsets. This kind of patterning will be able to allow people to determine the following:

      • What compiler you used.
      • What OS was most likely used to develope and compile the final code.
      • What libraries were used.
      • What custom libraries were used.
      • Level of optimization.
      • Efficiency of your code.

      Try it. Compile a program and run a debugger agsint it. A good library debugger will be able to tell you what the code is accessing.

      Note: If you have the same software setup on two different machines, then your code should be almost the same. What might differ would be various CPU bit size signatures. Say you developed with two systems exactly the same software-wise, but completely different hardware-wise, ie, you cross-compiled from say... a Linux system running VMware and WinXX to create windows code... then the code will be exactly the same.

      It would be fair to say that if you wanted to make code which was not possible to track, you would want to do so in a virtual environment where you can make the virtual system seem like any machine except your's, then write the code with the most standard libraries out there. Once written and tested, the development environment, since it is an "instance", can be encrypted and hidden as a large DV encoded stream(dvbackup) or any nnumber of mechanisms.

      It would be like having a complete dev environment on your system which can potentially pass technical inspections.

      As for being a bounty-hunter, I think your best bet would be having a high degree of luck and a low level of ethics or morals so you can turn in friends you know. In many cases, virii writers who have been caught were caught because they couldn't help bragging or talking about it. Or they do something stupid.

      But I suppose if you ask along those lines, your level of ethics and morals is already low.

      Thanks to MS, we can all rush towards a world where we snitch on each other for a few bucks and fawn over the KGB..er.. I mean, software police. Is this the new flavour of "democracy"?

  20. access by Beer_Smurf · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I am amazed, with the number of open access points, that someone ever gets caught.Guess they can't help bragging to their friends.

  21. Let's get this over with! by ites · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Any strategy contains the seeds of its own failure. In this case, bribing criminals to hand-over their own is a classic but short-term solution.

    Firstly, it sets the stage for blackmail. If one isolated hacker is worth $5m, how much is an unreleased worm worth? Probably much, much more. I'd not be surprised if MS regularly get asked for money upfront before worms are released. Paying out will only make this worse.

    Secondly, it is a Darwinian filter. Yes, you can pay to get hold of an isolated criminal. No, you cannot use this tactic against criminal gangs. $5m is not a lot when compared to the value of a large botnet. Setting bounties will eliminate the free-lancers and leave the stage open for more organized criminals who will probably be more agressive in using zombied PCs for criminal acts (child porn, DDoS, etc.)

    Thirdly, it is prejudicial and likely to lead to the arrest of innocent people. Given that any zombied PC can be used to launch a worm attack, how can any evidence be trusted? Confessions, too, are unreliable. Bounties are rapidly turned into lynchings.

    Lastly, it is a distraction from the real issue: Windows' fundamental security weaknesses. Microsoft must release a secure Windows within the next 12 months or risk permanent damage to their brand. Paying bounties for worm writers fools no-one: Windows remains insecure and there remain an unlimited supply of smart criminals happy to take advantage of that.

    --
    Sig for sale or rent. One previous user. Inquire within.
  22. Deterence vs. Prevention by Naked+Rayburn · · Score: 3, Insightful

    It has deterent value. It says if you become good at writing viruses you will get nailed. Maybe MS does not care about the young kid messing around who does not damage anything. Microsoft is showing good restraint.

    It may deter kids but certainly not pros. Rewards rely on enough individuals knowing who commited a crime so that at least one betrays the criminal. With kids that's easy since they're publishing their exploits as part of a game. With pros, no way. When terrorists and organized criminals write and distribute viruses, expect the MS reward to have much less impact.

    Prevention through proper security, OTOH, cuts against both kids and pros. Cut out the exploit and you cut out the damage. Of course, MS management knows this...

    Naked Rayburn

  23. ...and the implication.... by bagofbeans · · Score: 4, Insightful

    ...is that the software system design, default behaviour, and security level is so poor that a 17 year old can easily exploit it and cause so much damage.

  24. Positive thinking? by Idou · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Look, if an anti-social 19 year old can create such a devasting worm, I am afraid the odds are against this strategy of fighting the problem. What, there must be a 100 MILLION other kids just like him, playing away on their windows computer, looking to be more than just a pimple faced teenager.

    Let's see, ingredients to a killer windows worm:

    1. Anti-social teenager
    2. windows computer
    3. internet connection
    4. some free time (see 1.)

    Sorry, this is just not the way to resolve the problem. It is just too easy, not even worth celebrating. No wonder MS is ONLY investing 5M in this method (what is 5M to MS?).

    --
    Sdelat' Ameriku velikoy Snova!
  25. what's to stop.... by zogger · · Score: 3, Insightful

    ... a VERY good hacker releasing a virus but making it look like it came from someone else, perhaps someone the hacker is at war with, or just some random victim? And tyhen joe victim would be stuck, trying to prove they didn't do it, with the evidence all over their computer.

    sucks. It could be done JUST to get the reward for that matter, although that would be risky, but still possible.

    microsoft got a mega buhzillion dollars in the bank from not hiring coders and not insisting on great code since forever and a day. I think what is more appropriate when money is being talked about is a class action lawsuit from thousands of joe MS users, not the government, joe users large and small who have been victimised by insecure OS that they got *suckered and conned* into running, and I mean suckered by their abusive monopoly tactics and vendor lockins for OS that happened over the past decade especially. Most people didn't "choose" to run microsoft, they got faked into it by it being installed on their boxes when they bought them. Then all of microsofts profits from not doing their job, combined with the ridiculous no warranty deal that profitable software gets, turned into the victimized end user's problems, where you get borken computers, anger, frustration, and in the case of businesses, millions of dollars in actual-for real damages, probably billions, I don't know. A big ole pile of cash, call it that. I bet in a lot of cases the constant and recurring damages exceed the cost of the software installed by many factors.

    That sucks too. viruses and worms are BOTH the fault of evil hackers AND filthy rich monopolists who did NOT give a care about security until the past coupla of years, and even then it was half assed. MS as a total company gets it's corporate mindshare from william gates, always has, and he just don't and never has given a crap as long as he can rake in the dough, he's an extreme predator, and I don't care how "compassionate" and"giving" with his "foundation" some mafia don is with ill gotten gains, he's still a mafia chieftain, and made his loot by being a crook. Easy to give away free money you stole and conned people for.

    Same with MS and gates, he needs to go to JAIL as far as I am concerned,he's a chronic serial crook, a repeat offender to boot, hidng behind the corporate wall of almost near immunity, and he shows no sign of stopping being a crook, although I will grant he's apparently trying to fix security in longhorn, but that's a long ways offf and doesn't address past crimes, and I think he's only doing it because he is being forced to by market pressures.

  26. just like ESR said by ignavusincognitus · · Score: 3, Insightful
    "given enough bounty dollars, all security vulnerabilities are shallow".

    Seriously, this is just the known "cost of doing business" mentality again. If it's cheaper to pay a reward than to develop a secure product in the first place, that's what MS will do.

    This is the exact same way they treat regulation - if it's cheapter to break the law and pay some puny court-ordered fine here and there, so be it.

  27. Flawed Analogy by Jonathan+Quince · · Score: 3, Insightful
    arresting virus/worm writers once a virus or worm is out in the wild does not stop the virus/wrom from spreading.

    Arresting a murderer doesn't bring dead victims back to life. Does this reduce the usefulness of the police initiative to arrest murderers?

    (Your analogy is flawed in general. The same applies to "bank robbers or muggers" as you mentioned: Once a crime has been committed, the damage has been done; and if no damage is done, I'd have trouble calling it a "crime".)

    --
    Microsoft Windows is, fittingly, the official Desktop OS of Olig