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More on Global Dimming

dtolman writes "According to the New York Times (registration required) if the world seemed brighter to our grandparents 50 years ago, they were right. While the sun's output hasn't dropped, the amount of sunshine reaching the Earth's surface has dropped an average of 10% since the 1950's. In Hong Kong, the sunlight reaching the surface has decreased even more - 37%! Scientists are theorizing that this is mainly due to air pollution - so this trend might reverse if air pollution clears up." We had a another story on global dimming last year.

28 of 379 comments (clear)

  1. Frustrated by DarkHelmet · · Score: 5, Informative

    Here is a copy of the exact same news story that does not require a registration link.

    Stories like this are typically SYNDICATED, which means that you can find the exact same thing in 50 or so other newspapers, right?

    Why, oh why, do people choose to link to a page that requires registration when it's totally unnecessary?

    Finally, does this remind anyone else of the Animatrix, on how the skies were darkened to stop the machines?

    --
    /^[A-Z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z]{2,4}$/i
    1. Re:Frustrated by Lando+Griffin · · Score: 1, Informative

      Most people first see the article in the New York Times rather than the Podunk Daily, so it makes sense that their links would point towards the larger site.

    2. Re:Frustrated by drakaan · · Score: 4, Informative
      That's known as Hanlon's Razor

      And you're probably thinking of Finagle's Law [of Dynamic Negatives]..."Anything that can go wrong, will go wrong" (sometimes stated with the addition "and as soon as possible").

      Murphy's Law is "If there are two or more ways to do something, and one of those ways can result in a catastrophe, then someone will do it."

      Sorry for the extra info, but look at my tagling, for cryin out loud :)

      --
      "Murphy was an optimist" - O'Toole's commentary on Murphy's Law
    3. Re:Frustrated by CowBovNeal · · Score: 1, Informative

      True. Parent is so right.

      Almost once in every 2 or 3 days, an article from the nytimes is being posted on slashdot. And some of the most interesting articles are from the nytimes.

      If you don't want to register, don't. But stop offering your stupid no reg links.
      And 2-3 stupid slashdotters get modded up for posting the no reg link and flaming nytimes.
      Mods, get a clue. If the slashdot editors cared, they could do a 2 sec search for the no reg link on google news and post that link instead of the reg req link..they don't care. Registering won't get you molested by martians.
      Use your mod points on something more useful.

      --
      Bush is on fire and its not good for my lungs.
  2. Let's just get this out of the way... by bloggins02 · · Score: 5, Informative

    Before anybody asks the question we know you want to ask:

    There's heat, and then there's visible light. They ain't the same thing.

    Just because it's "dimmer" doesn't mean it isn't getting warmer.

    There, I feel better.

    1. Re:Let's just get this out of the way... by bloggins02 · · Score: 1, Informative

      It was my understanding that the longer wavelengths of heat can pass right through smaller objects such as dust particles, where they eventually strike the ground and warm the Earth's surface.

      These "long waves" are radiated back from the ground, which generates most of the heat we feel.

      However, if the long waves go right through small particles, it doesn't explain why clouds tend to act as thermal blankets.

      Anybody who knows more about this stuff care to help us out?

      (Adding Karma bonus to increase chances of getting an answer)

    2. Re:Let's just get this out of the way... by Methuseus · · Score: 1, Informative

      When the "long waves" hit the ground they are radiated back as shorter waves, and that's why the stuff lets it through but then traps it.

      --
      Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity, though I'm not yet sure about the universe. - A Einstein
    3. Re:Let's just get this out of the way... by Lockjaw · · Score: 4, Informative

      Oversimplified...

      The sun's energy output is strongest at visible wavelengths (peak power in the green - coincidence that chlorophyll is chemical of choice for providing energy to plants? I think not...). The earth absorbs a lot of this, but being much cooler than the sun, re-radiates it back out in the IR.

      So, aerosols (including clouds) tend to scatter shorter wavelengths more but let the longer stuff through. Greenhouse gasses absorb the longer wavelengths, but let the shorter stuff through.

    4. Re:Let's just get this out of the way... by E1v!$ · · Score: 2, Informative

      In a word, no.

      What you end up with is scatter from the smaller particles. Light hits them, and is radiated back as heat, in ALL directions. Both the light and heat are then scattered in all directions by other particles in the air. (the degree of reflection/absorption-radiation of the particles has a significant effect on the degree of heat radiated)

      This creates a warmer 'boundary layer' that reduces the amount of heat given up by lower layers of the planet, so even if those lower layers get less energy, they're not as likely to give it up.

      That's how clouds work btw.

    5. Re:Let's just get this out of the way... by Lockjaw · · Score: 2, Informative

      This is backwards. The sun is at around 6000 K, the earth averages around 300 K. It comes in short and goes out long (why IR absorbers like CO2 are good greenhouse gasses).

    6. Re:Let's just get this out of the way... by hak1du · · Score: 4, Informative

      But if dust and grime catch the energy instead of the ground, then isn't the radiation more likely to be radiated out into space, cooling the planet?

      If they "catch" the energy, they reflect a little bit as visible light and convert most of it into heat. Part of that heat gets radiated back into space and part heats up the surrounding air. The overall effect seems to be a significant contribution to global warming.

      Global warming models take this effect into account. However, particulates are not as much of a concern for global warming because, unlike CO2, they disappear from the atmosphere fairly quickly (they are still a huge health concern, however). With CO2, once it's released, we are stuck with the consequences for a century or two. Furthermore, global dimming reduces photosynthesis, further slowing down the removal of CO2 and worsening the problem.

    7. Re:Let's just get this out of the way... by praedor · · Score: 4, Informative

      Wrong. If the earth's albedo is increasing, and it is high-altitude, then a decrease in sunlight reaching the earth's surface would likely follow along with a decrease in temperature (as sunlight would be reflecting away from earth). I have read nothing about an ever-increasing albedo, and the articles on the subject indicate ABSORPTION of visable light is the cause of dimming at the surface. Absorption WILL produce heat. The energy of the sunlight doesn't disappear upon absorption, it gets converted into heat (and molecular kinetic energy). Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, merely converted into a different form. VISABLE sunlight energy is down-convertedinto infrared energy (heat). It leads to an increase in temperature with increasing dimming.

      --
      In Bushworld, they struggle to keep church and state separate in Iraq as they increasingly merge the two in America.
    8. Re:Let's just get this out of the way... by sleepingsquirrel · · Score: 4, Informative

      Plants are green because chlorophyll reflects green light. This means that green light isn't important to photosynthesis. See these links.

  3. Rehashed by andy666 · · Score: 4, Informative

    Every few years this gets brought up. There was an article in the June 94 sci american about it. The topic is a bit of a yawner anyway.

  4. more information by Melvin+Daniels · · Score: 2, Informative

    more on global dimming here

  5. Re:Less light - more heat? by aquabat · · Score: 2, Informative

    Some of it could be getting reflected back into space, say by increased cloud cover.

    --
    A republic cannot succeed till it contains a certain body of men imbued with the principles of justice and honour.
  6. Re:Because I'm too lazy to look it up... by OverlordQ · · Score: 2, Informative

    From the story (no reg link):

    The measuring instrument, a radiometer, is simple, a black plate under a glass dome. Like asphalt in summer, the black plate turns hot as it absorbs the sun's energy. Its temperature tells the amount of sunlight that has shone on it.

    Since the 50's, hundreds of radiometers have been installed from the Arctic to Antarctica, dutifully recording sunshine. In the mid-80's, Dr. Atsumu Ohmura of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich sifted through the data to compare levels in different regions. "Suddenly," Dr. Ohmura said, "I realized it's not easy to do that, because the radiation was changing over time."

    --
    Your hair look like poop, Bob! - Wanker.
  7. Re:Almost had me by Saucepan · · Score: 4, Informative
    For a second there, I was under the impression that this was a study on the intelligence of humans.
    No worries; humans have in fact been getting smarter.
  8. Re:I can attest to this. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    Humans' eyes' lens are going to become more opaque with age, and I'm sure there's some retina degeneration going on.

  9. It's more likely due to air traffic by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

    > Scientists are theorizing that this is mainly due to air pollution...

    Well, since air pollution has been reduing over the last 50 years (due to scrubbers in coal plants, cleaner cars, etc.), that's probably not the case.

    More likely the cause is the growth of jet air traffic, the contrails of which have already been shown to affect the weather.

    See: 9/11 study: Air traffic affects climate

  10. Re:Particulate matter scatters light, news at 11! by Chmcginn · · Score: 5, Informative
    On a more serious note, try a search for '"september 11" contrails' on a search engine. It was established that due to the absence of contrails in the air, more sunlight reached the USA, and it even warmed up a little as a result over the 3-4 days.

    Wrong. (Not just because you're too lazy to provide any links. You know, like this or maybe this.)

    No, you're actually wrong because you fail the reading (and understanding) the articles test - it didn't warm the earth up. It increased the temperature range for each day - that is, both the high and the low temperature - just like a clear day versus an overcast one.

    --
    Have you been touched by his noodly appendage?
  11. Air pollution is not strictly a recent phenomenon by kjfitz · · Score: 5, Informative
    There is a common misperception that air pollution is a recent thing.

    This from Environmental History Timeline:


    • 1661 -- John Evelyn writes "Fumifugium, or the Inconvenience of the Aer and Smoake of London Dissipated" to propose remedies for London's air pollution problem. These include large public parks and lots of flowers. http://users.synflux.com.au/~ant/Evelyn/fumifug.ht ml http://www.accd.edu/sac/english/bailey/evelyn.htm

      "The immoderate use of, and indulgence to, sea-coale in the city of London exposes it to one of the fowlest inconveniences and reproaches that can possibly befall so noble and otherwise incomparable City... Whilst they are belching it forth their sooty jaws, the City of London resembles the face rather of Mount Aetna, the Court of Vulcan... or the suburbs of Hell [rather] than an assembly of rational creatures..."

      In his diary, Evelyn writes in 1684 that smoke was so severe "hardly could one see across the street, and this filling the lungs with its gross particles exceedingly obstructed the breast, so as one would scarce breathe."


    And this from Air Pollution:


    • In the Middle Ages London air was so polluted by smoke from coal fires that in 1273 Edward I passed a law banning coal burning in an attempt to curb smoke emissions. In 1306 a Londoner was tried and executed for breaking this law. Despite this, pollution was not checked, and on one occasion in 1578 Elizabeth I refused to enter London because there was so much smoke in the air. Smoke killed vegetation and ruined clothes, and the acid in it corroded buildings.


    I always wondered if this early pollution may have contributed to Europe's mini-ice age

  12. Coal - effects on light by guacamolefoo · · Score: 5, Informative

    The folks in Pittsburgh during industrialization are familiar with the loss of sunlight. So were those in London and Manchester in England during industrialization there. The "English Disease", or rickets, resulted from low levels of vitamin D production due to a lack of sunlight attributable in part to (1) long working hours out of the sun and (2) particulate pollution from burning coal.

    An interesting book that deals, in part, with that is Coal: A Human History. Also available here or from your local library.

    GF.

  13. fun fact by kisak · · Score: 3, Informative

    The US contains 4 % of the total world population and is behind 25 % of the world's total green house gases production.

    --

    --- guns don't kill people, people with guns kill people ---

  14. "Junk science" indeed by FlyingOrca · · Score: 2, Informative

    What a whacked-out site. You, sir or madam, have been sucked in. And what do all these things have in common? Proposed solutions or mitigation measures could have an impact upon those who put profit above all other considerations.

    The way we live now is unsustainable. Sorry if you can't adapt, but things are going to change - voluntarily and gradually, or more quickly and catastrophically. Ideological ostriches disguising themselves as rational voices of scientific dissent aren't helping matters.

    Acid rain as junk science... please. Look into Dave Schindler's research some time - there's a reason he was just awarded a million-dollar prize for contributions to the good of humanity.

    Posts like yours leave me lost somewhere between pity for the dupes, anger at those who should know better, disgust for the politicians who let it happen, and sadness at our long-term prospects. I normally close with "cheers!", but I can't bring myself to add it here.

    --
    Corruptissima re publica plurimae leges.
  15. Check The Science by meehawl · · Score: 3, Informative
    its absorption and reemission profile will have changed unless they've kept the glass dome sealed and either evacuated or filled with some inert gas. Even at that level there could be a change in absorptive and emissive properties from surface phenomenon.

    You don't think atmospheric scientists studying the effects of aerosolized pollution are fully aware of the limitations of their instruments and have incorporated some fudge factors and compensatory effects into the deductions? Why not check out some real science concerning the issue, look at how they correct for and acknowledge measuring instrument deficiencies, and how they reach their conclusions?

    The interested reader is directed here:
    Chameides, W.L., H. Yu, S.C. Liu, M. Bergin, X. Zhou, L. Mearns, G. Wang, C.S. Kiang, R.D. Saylor, C. Lio, Y. Huang, A. Steiner, and F. Giorgi, Case study of the effects of atmospheric aerosols and regional haze on agriculture: An opportunity to enhance crop yields in China through emission controls? Proceedings of the US National Academy of Sciences, 96:13626-13633, 1999.
    The so-called "direct effect" of regional haze results in an approximately 5-30% reduction in the solar irradiance reaching some of China's most productive agricultural regions. Crop-response model simulations suggest an approximately 1:1 relationship between a percentage increase (decrease) in total surface solar irradiance and a percentage increase (decrease) in the yields of rice and wheat. Collectively, these calculations suggest that regional haze in China is currently depressing optimal yields of approximately 70% of the crops grown in China by at least 5-30%.
    --

    Da Blog
  16. Re:Obviously not by lavaface · · Score: 2, Informative
    >so this trend might reverse if air pollution clears up



    >>This single utopic sentence should have told you it's only unrealistic babble.

    And this line of thinking certainly won't help at all. Why exactly is it unthinkable that we might reduce air pollution? It's not unrealistic; actually it's downright attainable. Now if they said something like "we're promising Skittles to rain from the sky if everyone would smoke a pack of cigarettes a day" then you'd have a point about unrealistic expectations ; )